Aviadvigatel PD-14
PD-14 | |
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Type | Turbofan |
National origin | Russia |
Manufacturer | Aviadvigatel |
First run | summer 2014[1] |
Major applications | Irkut MC-21 |
Number built | 13[2] |
Developed from | Aviadvigatel PS-90 |
The Aviadvigatel PD-14 (previously known as PS-14) is a turbofan being developed by Aviadvigatel to power the Irkut MC-21 twin-jet airliner.
Development
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In December 2009, the PD-14 was developed to be 15% more efficient than its PS-90A2 predecessor to be installed on the MS-21 and the Ilyushin Il-276.[3]
The PD-14 was announced in early 2010 with its development cost estimated at RUB 35 billion (US$1.1 billion).[4] In April 2010, Aviadvigatel was expecting to start its certification procedure in 2012.[5] Its core was first tested on 26 November 2010.[6] It was displayed for the first time at the 2013 MAKS air show.[7]
Between December 2016 and May 2017, the PD-14 operational performance and working efficiency at all altitudes and speeds were assessed on an Ilyushin Il-76 testbed at Gromov Flight Research Institute near Moscow.[8]
After two years exploring performance at most altitudes, airspeeds and operating modes, the first and second testing stages confirmed its basic operating parameters. A third phase of flight tests debuted in January 2018 from the Gromov institute at Moscow's Zhukovsky Airfield on an Il-76 testbed, conducted in co-operation with certification specialists to formally confirm the pre-certification efforts findings. Ground tests will continue in parallel and United Engine Corporation claims that the engine matches the foreign competitors performance and surpass them for noise and emissions.[9] Bird strike tests on the fan including high-speed video and vibration measurements were successfully conducted while fan blades strength tests results should reduce the time and cost of the certification.[10]
United Engine will deliver five PD-14s to Irkut by the end of 2018, after Rosaviatsia certification, to start flight tests on the MC-21 in 2019 for type certification of the variant in 2021.[11] EASA certification is expected when it will enter series production.[2]
Design
The 1.9 m (75 in) fan has 18 titanium alloy blades, providing a 8.5:1 bypass ratio significantly improved from previous Russian engines, but slightly below the CFM LEAP's 10:1 or the Pratt & Whitney PW1000G's 12:1 for the MC-21 from 2017. The 3D aerodynamics shaped first high-pressure turbine stage has advanced cooling channels.[7]
Developed from the PS-12 (an uprated PS-90A), the 122-153 kN (27,500-34,500 lbf) thrust powerplant is designed by Aviadvigatel and manufactured by the Perm Engine Company. The two-shaft turbofan has a high-pressure core from the PS-12 with an eight-stage compressor and a two-stage turbine, and four low-pressure stages. The high-bypass engine does not employ an exhaust mixer, fuel burn should be reduced by 10-15% from the CFM International CFM56 and it could power an upgraded Tupolev Tu-204.[citation needed]
Proposed derivatives
- PD-7 is a derated model at 78 kN (17,500 lbf).[citation needed]
- PD-10 is a derated model for the Sukhoi Superjet 130 at 10.9 tf (24,000 lbf).[12]
- PD-18R geared turbofan[7][13], 18,000 to 20,000 kgf for the Ilyushin Il-96.[14][dead link][verification needed]
- PD-12V: turboshaft variant for the Mil Mi-26 heavy lift helicopter, development started in 2016,[15] 11,500 shp (up to 14,500 shp)[16]
- GTU-8 and GTU-16 Gas Turbines[citation needed]
- PD-24 and PD-28 (up to 240 and 280 kN)[citation needed]
- PD-35: 35 tf (77,000 lbf) for the An-124 , possible CRAIC CR929
PD-35
Launched in the summer of 2016 by United Engine Corporation through Aviadvigatel and NPO Saturn, the 35 tf (77,000 lbf) thrust PD-35 will be developed till 2023 for 180 billion rubles ($3 billion) including 60 billion for test benches and laboratory equipment, to power future wide-body aircraft including the Russo-Chinese CRAIC CR929. The 8 m (310 in) long engine will weight 8 t (18,000 lb), its fan will be 3.1 m (120 in) in diameter and its scaled up PD-14 core will have a nine-stage high-pressure compressor and two-stage turbine.[17]
On 19 January 2018, the Russian government awarded UEC-Aviadvigatel a ₽64.3 billion ($1.13 billion) contract to develop a PD-35-1 demonstrator by 2023, including wide-chord composite fan blades and fan case, a 23:1 compressor pressure ratio, ceramic matrix composites – silicon carbide-silicon carbide (SiC-SiC) and carbon-silicon carbide (C-SiC) – and advanced cooling for 1,450 °C (2,640 °F) temperatures. It could power the Ilyushin IL-96-400, the Il-476 airlifter, Il-478 tanker and an Antonov An-124 replacement.[18] A de-rated version would meet the An-124 thrust requirements.[19]
Applications
- PD-14: Irkut MC-21, Ilyushin Il-276
- PD-10: Sukhoi Superjet 130
- PD-12V: Mil Mi-26
Specifications
Model | PD-14A | PD-14 | PD-14M | PD-10 |
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Configuration | Twin-spool high bypass turbofan | |||
Take-off thrust | 12.5 tf (28,000 lbf) | 14.0 tf (31,000 lbf) | 15.6 tf (34,000 lbf) | 10.9 tf (24,000 lbf) |
Dry weight | 2,870 kg (6,330 lb) | 2,970 kg (6,550 lb) | 2,350 kg (5,180 lb) | |
Fan diameter | 1,900 mm (75 in) | 1,677 mm (66.0 in) | ||
Compressor | 1 fan + 3-stage LP + 8-stage HP | 1 fan + 4 LP + 8 HP | 1 fan + 1 LP + 8 HP | |
Combustor | Annular | |||
Turbine | 2-stage HP + 6-stage LP | 2 HP + 5 LP | ||
BPR[verification needed] | 8.6 | 8.5 | 7.2 | |
OPR[verification needed] | 38 | 41 | 46 | |
TSFC[verification needed] | 0.526 kg/(kgf.h) | |||
Power-to-weight ratio | 4.36 | 4.88 | 5.25 | 4.64 |
Application | МС-21-300 | MC-21-200 | MC-21-400 | Superjet 130 |
See also
Related development
Comparable engines
Related lists
References
- ^ "Russia's PD-14 Engine Nears First Flight". Aviation Week. Nov 12, 2014.
- ^ a b "MC-21 narrowbody to sport Russian PD-14 engines from 2019". Russian Aviation Insider. March 8, 2018.
- ^ "Russian aircraft designers tested yesterday's engine". RusBusinessNews. 16 Dec 2009.
- ^ Tom Zaitsev (2 Feb 2010). "Russia firms 'PD-14' domestic engine concept for MS-21". Flight Global.
- ^ "In 2011 Aviadvigatel OJSC will develop PD-14 engine demonstrator" (Press release). UEC-Aviadvigatel. 19 April 2010.
- ^ "PD-14: core engine tests launched". Take-off. Feb 2011.
- ^ a b c Stephen Trimble (29 Aug 2013). "MAKS: Russia lifts veil on PD-14 demonstrator, latest engine technology". Flightglobal.
- ^ Polina Montag-Girmes (May 26, 2017). "UAC completes PD-14 second-stage flight testing for MC-21". Aviation Week Network.
- ^ David Kaminski Morrow (2 Jan 2018). "New round of flight tests take PD-14 closer to certification". Flightglobal.
- ^ David Kaminski Morrow (18 Jan 2018). "PD-14 fan undergoes bird-strike testing". Flightglobal.
- ^ David Kaminski Morrow (26 Jan 2018). "Irkut signs for MC-21's initial PD-14 flight-test engines". Flightglobal.
- ^ a b "The PD-14 Engine and Advanced Engines Family". UEC-Aviadvigatel.
- ^ "Information and Technical Newsletter" (PDF). Perm Aircraft Engines. January 2011. p. 11.
- ^ "Interfax Russia: Aviation PD-18R jet engine to become most powerful in PD-14 turbofan family". Allbusiness.
- ^ "PD-12V helicopter engine project discussions in Aviadvigatel" (Press release). UEC-Aviadvigatel. 28 April 2016.
- ^ "New Engines For Russia's Heavy-lift Helicopter". Aviation International News. 2 June 2016.
- ^ "Russian PD-35 engine to enter market in six years". Russian Aviation Insider. June 8, 2017.
- ^ Stephen Trimble (19 Jan 2018). "Contract docs reveal plans for Russia's new widebody engine". Flightglobal.
- ^ Guy Norris (Oct 10, 2018). "Freighter Growth And Possible An-124 Reengining Boost CF6 Prospects". Aviation Week & Space Technology.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Official website
- "Aviadvigatel proposes new PS-14 engine for MS-21". Flightglobal. 2009-03-11.
- "PD-14A". deagel.