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Dave Chappelle

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Dave Chappelle
Chappelle in April 2016
Birth nameDavid Khari Webber Chappelle
Born (1973-08-24) August 24, 1973 (age 51)
Washington, D.C.
MediumStand-up, television, film
Years active1990–present
GenresSatire, political satire, improvisational comedy, character comedy, observational comedy, surreal humor, sketch comedy, black comedy, blue comedy
Subject(s)Racism, race relations, American politics, African-American culture, pop culture, recreational drug use, human sexuality, morality
Spouse
Elaine Erfe
​
(m. 2001)​
Children3
Signature

David Khari "Dave" Webber Chappelle[2] (/ʃəˈpɛl/, born August 24, 1973) is an American stand-up comedian, screenwriter, producer, and actor. After beginning his film career in 1993 as Ahchoo in Mel Brooks' Robin Hood: Men in Tights, he landed supporting roles in box office hits including The Nutty Professor, Con Air, and Blue Streak. His first lead role was in the 1998 comedy film Half Baked, which he co-wrote with Neal Brennan.

In 2003, Chappelle became more widely known for his sketch comedy television series, Chappelle's Show, also co-written with Brennan, which ran until his retirement from the show two years later. By 2006, Chappelle was called the "comic genius of America" by Esquire[3] and, in 2013, "the best" by a Billboard writer.[4] The show continues to run in late-night syndication and on television networks around the world. In 2009 Comedy Central ranked him No. 43 in the "100 Greatest Stand-Ups of All Time".[5]

Chappelle lives with his family in Yellow Springs, Ohio, and continues to perform stand-up comedy.[6]

Early life

Chappelle was born in Washington, D.C., the youngest of three children.[3] His father, William David Chappelle III, worked as a statistician before becoming a professor at Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio.[1] His mother, Yvonne (née Reed), is biracial,[7] and was a professor at Howard University, Prince George's Community College, and the University of Maryland, and is also a Unitarian Universalist minister.[8] Chappelle also has a stepmother and a stepbrother.[3] He has stated his grandparents are multiracial from rape.[7]

Chappelle grew up in Silver Spring, Maryland, and attended Woodlin Elementary School.[1] His parents were politically active, and the family house was visited by notable individuals including Pete Seeger and Johnny Hartman.[3] The latter predicted he would be a comedian and, around this time, Chappelle's comic inspiration came from Eddie Murphy and Richard Pryor. After his parents separated, Chappelle stayed in Washington with his mother while spending summers with his father in Ohio. In 1991, he graduated from Washington's Duke Ellington School of the Arts, where he studied theatre arts.[1]

Career

Early career

Chappelle moved to New York City to pursue a career as a comedian. He gathered the courage to perform at Harlem's famed Apollo Theater in front of the infamous "Amateur Night" audience, but he was booed off stage. Chappelle described the experience as the moment that gave him the courage to continue his show business aspirations.[1] He quickly made a name for himself on the New York comedy circuit, even performing in the city's parks. Whoopi Goldberg nicknamed him "The Kid".[3] At 19, he made his film debut as "Ahchoo" in Mel Brooks' Robin Hood: Men in Tights. He also appeared on Star Search three times but lost over competing comedian Lester Barrie; Dave later joked about the irony of him subsequently becoming more successful than Barrie. The same year, Chappelle was offered the role of Benjamin Buford "Bubba" Blue in Forrest Gump. Concerned the character was demeaning and the movie would bomb, he turned down the part.[9][10] He parodied the film in the 1997 short "Bowl of Pork," where a dim-witted black man is responsible for the Rodney King beating, the LA riots and OJ Simpson being accused of murder.[11] Chappelle played another supporting role in an early Doug Liman film, Getting In in 1994.[12] At age 19, he was the opening act for R&B soul singer Aretha Franklin.[13]

He attracted the attention of TV network executives and developed numerous pilots, but none was picked up for development into a series.[1][14] In 1995, he made a guest appearance on an episode of ABC's popular sitcom Home Improvement. The storyline had Chappelle and real-life friend and comedian Jim Breuer ask Tim Taylor for advice on their girlfriends.[15] The characters' single outing in the episode proved so popular that ABC decided to give them their own spin-off sitcom titled Buddies. However, after taping a pilot episode, Jim Breuer was fired and replaced with actor Christopher Gartin. Buddies premiered in March 1996 to disappointing ratings, and the show was canceled after only five episodes out of 13 had been produced.

After the failure of Buddies, Chappelle starred in another pilot. According to Chappelle, the network was uncomfortable with the African-American cast and wanted white actors added.[16] Chappelle resisted and subsequently accused the network of racism. Shortly afterwards, Chappelle's father died, and Chappelle, returning to Ohio, considered leaving the entertainment business.[1][14]

He later appeared as a nightclub comedian in the 1996 comedy The Nutty Professor starring Eddie Murphy, one of his major comedic influences. The movie grossed nearly $129 million on a budget of $54 million.[17] He had a minor role in 1997's Con Air which made $26 million after production costs.[18] At the beginning of 1998, he did a stand-up performance for HBO Comedy Half-Hour. That same year, he appeared in "Pilots and Pens Lost," a 1998 episode of The Larry Sanders Show's sixth season, in which he and the executives of the show's unnamed television network satirized the treatment to which scriptwriters and show creators were subjected, as well as the executives' knee-jerk tendencies toward racial stereotypes.[19]

He and Neal Brennan co-wrote the 1998 cult stoner film Half Baked, Chappelle's first starring role, about a group of marijuana-smoking friends trying to get their other friend out of jail. It made money at the box office and remains a classic so-called "stoner" film, a genre that includes the "Cheech and Chong" films as well as more recent fare like Judd Apatow's Pineapple Express.[20][21] In December 1998, Chappelle appeared as Tom Hanks' character's friend and confidant in You've Got Mail. The $65 million movie made nearly $116 million at the box office.[22] In 1999, he appeared in the Martin Lawrence film Blue Streak, which made $117 million at the box office.[23]

In 2000, Chappelle recorded his first hour-long HBO special, Dave Chappelle: Killin' Them Softly, in Washington, DC. He followed this up with an appearance as "Conspiracy Brother" in the 2002 racial satire Undercover Brother.[24]

2003–2006: Stand-up and Chappelle's Show

Main article: Chappelle's Show

In 2003, Chappelle debuted his own weekly sketch comedy show on Comedy Central called Chappelle's Show. The show parodied many aspects of American culture, including racial stereotypes, politics and pop culture. Along with comedy skits, the show also featured musical performances by mostly hip-hop and soul artists. He promoted the work of other black comedians as well, most notably Paul Mooney and Charlie Murphy.[7]

Due to the show's popularity, Comedy Central's new parent company Viacom[3] reportedly offered Chappelle a $55 million contract (giving Chappelle a share of DVD sales) to continue production of Chappelle's Show for two more years, while allowing him to do side projects. Chappelle has said that sketches are not his favorite form of comedy,[3] and that the show's format was somewhat like short films.

In June 2004, based on the popularity of the "Rick James" sketch, it was announced that Chappelle was in talks to portray James in a biopic from Paramount Pictures, also owned by Viacom.[25] James's estate disagreed with the proposed comical tone of the film and put a halt to the talks.[26]

That same month, Chappelle recorded his second comedy special, this time airing on Showtime, Dave Chappelle: For What It's Worth, at San Francisco's Fillmore Auditorium, where his idols, including Lenny Bruce, George Carlin, Richard Pryor, and Robin Williams, had performed.

Season 3 turbulence

In a June 2004 stand-up performance in Sacramento, California, Chappelle walked off the stage after berating his audience for constantly shouting "I'm Rick James, bitch!" which had become a catchphrase from his popular "Rick James" sketch. After a few minutes, Chappelle returned and resumed by saying, "The show is ruining my life." He stated that he disliked working "20 hours a day" and that the popularity of the show was making it difficult for him to continue his stand-up career, which was "the most important thing" to him. He told the audience:

You know why my show is good? Because the network officials say you're not smart enough to get what I'm doing, and every day I fight for you. I tell them how smart you are. Turns out, I was wrong. You people are stupid.[27]

Season 3 was scheduled to begin airing on May 31, 2005, but earlier in May, Chappelle stunned fans and the entertainment industry when he abruptly left during production and took a trip to South Africa.[3] Chappelle said that he was unhappy with the direction the show had taken.

Coming here, I don't have the distractions of fame. It quiets the ego down. I'm interested in the kind of person I've got to become. I want to be well-rounded and the industry is a place of extremes. I want to be well-balanced. I've got to check my intentions, man.[28]

Immediately following Chappelle's departure, tabloids quickly and repeatedly speculated that Chappelle's exit was driven by drug addiction or a mental health issue, rather than ethical or personal concerns.[28] In an interview with Oprah Winfrey, Chappelle expressed his contempt for the entertainment industry's tone-deafness toward black entertainers and audiences:

When I see that they put every black man in the movies in a dress at some point in their career, I start connecting the dots.[29][30]

The break from Comedy Central also meant a rift with longtime collaborator Neal Brennan[3] as well as walking away from a $50 million contract.[7]

Dave Chappelle's Block Party

The site of Dave Chappelle's Block Party in Brooklyn.

Chappelle was the star and a producer of the Michel Gondry-directed documentary Dave Chappelle's Block Party, which chronicles him hosting a free concert in the Clinton Hill neighborhood of Brooklyn on September 18, 2004.[3] Several musical artists, including Kanye West, The Roots, Erykah Badu, Mos Def, Dead Prez and Jill Scott, are featured in the movie both performing in the concert and in conversation off-stage. He brought Yellow Springs residents to Brooklyn at his own expense.[3] Another highlight of the event was the temporary reunion of 1990s hip-hop group The Fugees.[31]

Chappelle toured several cities in February and March 2006 to promote the film under the name "Block Party All-Stars Featuring Dave Chappelle". Universal Pictures' genre division, Rogue Pictures, released the film in the U.S. on March 3, 2006. It was a success, grossing a total of $11.7 million on a $3 million budget.[32]

2005–2012: Infrequent stand-up and TV appearances

In June 2005, Chappelle performed impromptu stand-up shows in Los Angeles.[8][33][34] He then went on a tour that began in Newport, Kentucky, not far from his Ohio home.[35] He made a surprise appearance on HBO's Def Poetry, where he performed two poems, titled "Fuck Ashton Kutcher" and "How I Got the Lead on Jeopardy!"[citation needed] He was interviewed for Inside the Actors Studio on December 18, 2005, at Pace University's Michael Schimmel Center for the Arts. The show premiered on February 12, 2006.[1] Four days earlier, he had introduced the musical tribute to Sly Stone at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards.[3]

Chappelle said on Inside the Actors Studio that the death of his father seven years prior influenced his decision to go to South Africa. By throwing himself into his work, he had not taken a chance to mourn his father's death. He also said the rumors that he was in drug or psychiatric treatment only persuaded him to stay in South Africa.[1] He said,

I would go to work on the show and I felt awful every day, that's not the way it was. ... I felt like some kind of prostitute or something. If I feel so bad, why keep on showing up to this place? I'm going to Africa. The hardest thing to do is to be true to yourself, especially when everybody is watching.[1]

Chappelle said that he felt some of his sketches were "socially irresponsible".[29][36] He singled out the "pixie sketch" in which pixies appear to people and encourage them to reinforce stereotypes of their races. In the sketch, Chappelle is wearing blackface and is dressed as a character in a minstrel show.[37] According to Chappelle, during the filming of the sketch, a white crew member was laughing in a way that made him feel uncomfortable and made him question himself.[29][36] Chappelle said, "It was the first time I felt that someone was not laughing with me but laughing at me."[29]

During these interviews, Chappelle did not rule out returning to Chappelle's Show to "finish what we started," but promised that he would not return without changes to the production, such as a better working environment. He desired to donate half of the DVD sales to charity.[29] Chappelle expressed disdain at the possibility of his material from the unfinished third season being aired, saying that to do so would be "a bully move," and that he would not return to the show if Comedy Central were to air the unfinished material.[36] On July 9, 2006, Comedy Central aired the first episode of Chappelle's Show: The Lost Episodes. An uncensored DVD release of the episodes was made available on July 25.

The show still plays in syndication on several television networks, despite the relatively small number of episodes compared to most American syndicated television programs.[38]

Chappelle has been known to make impromptu and unannounced appearances at comedy venues,[39] and continues to do so following his post–Chappelle's Show return to standup.[40][41]

In April 2007, Chappelle set a stand-up endurance record at the Laugh Factory Sunset Strip comedy club, beating comedian Dane Cook's record of three hours and 50 minutes. In December of the same year, Chappelle broke his own record with a time of six hours and 12 minutes. Cook reclaimed the record in January 2008, with a time of seven hours.[42] On November 19, 2009 Chappelle performed at the Laugh Factory again, where it was speculated that he would attempt to take back the record. However, he was disqualified according to the club owner after he left the stage five hours into his routine.[43]

Chappelle again appeared on Inside the Actors Studio and, in celebration of the show's 200th episode, he humorously interviewed the show's usual host, James Lipton. The episode aired on November 11, 2008. He appeared again on Inside the Actors Studio in 2013, for its 250th episode.

In August 2011, Chappelle appeared at Comedy Jam in San Francisco.[44]

2013–present: Career resurgence

In August 2013, Chappelle served as a headliner[45] when he was featured during the Oddball Comedy & Curiosity festival. Sponsored by Funny or Die, Chappelle co-headlined with comedy act Flight of the Conchords.[46]

During a stop in Hartford, Chappelle walked off the stage due to heckling from the crowd that lasted throughout his entire performance. The heckling was so raucous that it drowned out Chappelle's voice over the PA system and included chants of "White Power", a line used in a Chappelle's Show episode that was viewed as wildly inappropriate and out-of-context by other audience members who later wrote about the event.[47][48] A few days later, to follow up on the Hartford incident, Chappelle stopped in Chicago for a performance where comedy website ComedyHype.Com acquired and released audio of him being heard on stage responding to the heckling in Hartford. Chappelle referenced the Hartford, incident, that "young, white, alcoholic[s]" should be blamed for the prior incident, that he hoped North Korea would bomb Hartford, that in the future he would not stop in Hartford for gas and finally summarizing his feelings on the situation by saying, "Fuck Hartford!"[49] However, in August 2014 Chappelle returned to Hartford for a surprise appearance at the 2014 Oddball Festival and received multiple standing ovations during his set.[50]

Chappelle made his first major New York City appearance in eleven years, performing ten nights at Radio City Music Hall in June 2014.[7]

In 2015, Chappelle appeared in the Spike Lee film, Chi-Raq, his first film role in 13 years.[51]

On November 12, 2016, Chappelle made his hosting debut on Saturday Night Live, with A Tribe Called Quest as musical guest.[52]

On November 21, 2016, Netflix revealed that they will be releasing three new stand-up comedy specials from Chappelle in 2017.[53] Chappelle will team up with director Stan Lathan and will produce an original stand-up comedy special exclusively for Netflix, with its premiere date to be announced. The other two are never-before-seen specials hail directly from Chappelle's personal comedy vault. The two specials were filmed at Austin City Limits Live in April 2015 and at the Hollywood Palladium in March 2016. The specials will mark the comedian's first concert specials in 12 years and are slated to be released simultaneously in 2017.[54]

Charity

Chappelle has been involved in a number of charitable events. In 2004, he donated his time to Seeds of Peace International Camp, a camp located in Otisfield, Maine, which brings together American, Israeli, Palestinian, and Iraqi children as well as children from a variety of other conflicting nations.[55]

Legacy

Chappelle has been praised by fellow comedians for his work. Katt Williams believes Chappelle to be the greatest stand-up comedian alive,[56][57] while Kevin Hart considers Chappelle to be the greatest stand-up comedian of all time.[58]

In 2009, his show was the subject of a book of critical essays, The Comedy of Dave Chappelle, edited by University of Maryland doctoral student K. A. Wisniewski.[38] His work, as well as that of Margaret Cho, was also the subject of a book by a Canadian dramaturg Elizabeth Ludwig, American Stand-Up and Sketch Comedy, that was published at the end of 2010.[59] A monograph published by the University of Gothenburg titled Representations of ethnicity in stand-up comedy: A study of the comedy of Dave Chappelle examined the racial significance of language used in Chappelle's routines.[60]

In April 2013, Charlie Sheen appeared on Conan O'Brien's talk show and claimed that in 2011 he had laughed so hard while watching a Chappelle's Show episode that he experienced a ruptured hernia, and was rushed to a hospital.[61]

In August 2013, Chappelle's impersonation of Prince from Chappelle's Show was selected by the singer as the cover art for his single "Breakfast Can Wait".[62]

Personal life

Chappelle lives with his wife, Elaine Mendoza Erfe,[3] sons Sulayman and Ibrahim,[37][63] and daughter Sanaa [64] on a 65-acre (260,000 m2) farm[1][14] near Yellow Springs, Ohio.[35] He also owned several houses in Xenia, Ohio. Chappelle told Yellow Springs' residents in September 2006, "Turns out you don't need $50 million to live around these parts, just a nice smile and a kind way about you. You guys are the best neighbors ever. That's why I came back and that's why I'm staying."[65]

Chappelle converted to Islam in 1998. He told Time in May 2005, "I don't normally talk about my religion publicly because I don't want people to associate me and my flaws with this beautiful thing. And I believe it is beautiful if you learn it the right way."[28][66]

Filmography

Film

Year Film Role Notes
1982 The End of August Kid on beach Uncredited
1993 Robin Hood: Men in Tights Ahchoo
1993 Undercover Blues Ozzie
1994 Getting In Ron
1996 The Nutty Professor Reggie Warrington
1996 Joe's Apartment Cockroach (voice)
1997 Con Air Pinball
1997 The Real Blonde Zee
1997 Damn Whitey Dave Short film
1997 Bowl of Pork Black Forrest Gump Short film
1998 Half Baked Thurgood Jenkins / Sir Smoke-a-Lot Also writer and producer
1998 Woo Lenny
1998 You've Got Mail Kevin Jackson
1999 200 Cigarettes Disco Cabbie
1999 Blue Streak Tulley
2000 Screwed Rusty P. Hayes
2002 Undercover Brother Conspiracy Brother
2006 Dave Chappelle's Block Party Himself Also writer and producer
2015 Chi-Raq Morris

Television

Year Series Role Notes
1995 Home Improvement Dave Episode: "Talk to Me"
1996 Buddies Dave Carlisle 14 episodes
1997 Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist Dave (voice) Episode: "Electric Bike"
1997 Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child Spider (voice) Episode: "Mother Goose"
1998 HBO Comedy Half-Hour Himself Stand-up special
1998 The Larry Sanders Show Dave Chappelle Episode: "Pilots and Pens Lost"
2000 Dave Chappelle: Killin' Them Softly Himself Stand-up special
2002–2007 Crank Yankers Francis, Shavin (voice) 2 episodes
2003 Wanda at Large Vincent Episode: "The Favor
2003–2006 Chappelle's Show Himself (host) / Various 28 episodes; also co-creator, writer, executive producer
2004 Dave Chappelle: For What It's Worth Himself Stand-up special
2016 Saturday Night Live Himself (host) Episode: "Dave Chappelle/A Tribe Called Quest"

References

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  12. ^ Berry, Torriano; Berry, Venise (2007). Historical Dictionary of African American Cinema. Scarecrow Press. p. 63. ISBN 9780810855458.
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  15. ^ Kleid, Beth (1995-04-16). "Boys Will Be 'Buddies': ABC Sitcom Explores the Relationship and the Differences Between Best Friends". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2013-09-06. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
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  22. ^ "You've Got Mail". Box Office Mojo.
  23. ^ "Blue Streak (1999)". Box Office Mojo.
  24. ^ "Dave Chappelle: Filmography". The New York Times.
  25. ^ Rashbaum, Alyssa (June 10, 2004). "Dave Chappelle Is Rick James, Bitch!". MTV News. Retrieved 2007-03-21.
  26. ^ Fleming, Michael (December 13, 2006). "Turner to script singer James's biopic". Variety. Retrieved 2007-03-21.
  27. ^ Carnes, Jim (June 18, 2004). "Dave Chappelle lets rude crowd have it, sticks up for Cosby's comment". Sacramento Bee. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  28. ^ a b c Robinson, Simon (May 15, 2005). "On the Beach With Dave Chappelle". Time. Retrieved 2007-03-20.
  29. ^ a b c d e "Chappelle's Story: Dave's Moral Dilemma". The Oprah Winfrey Show. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  30. ^ Wilbert L. Cooper (March 3, 2014). "Power - The Evolution of Black Masculinity Through Fashion". Vice Magazine. Retrieved March 27, 2014.
  31. ^ "Wyclef Jean interview by Pete Lewis". Blues & Soul. 2008-12. Retrieved 2014-01-08
  32. ^ "Dave Chappelle's Block Party". Box Office Mojo.
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  34. ^ Susman, Gary (June 3, 2005). "True Hollywood Story". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2007-03-20.
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  37. ^ a b Gordon, Devin (May 16, 2005). "Fears of a Clown". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 2007-02-05. Retrieved 2007-03-20.
  38. ^ a b K.A. Wisniewski (2 July 2009). The Comedy of Dave Chappelle: Critical Essays. McFarland. pp. 11, 99, 140. ISBN 978-0-7864-5427-3.
  39. ^ Hogan, Marc (May 28, 2014). "Dave Chappelle Enlists the Roots, Janelle Monae for New York Comeback". Spin.
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  41. ^ Williams, Ashley (June 17, 2014). "Surprise! Dave Chappelle Shows Up to The ‘Today’ Show Unannounced!". hiphollywood.com.
  42. ^ "Dane Cook Breaks Dave Chappelle's Laugh Factory Endurance Record". Fox News/Associated Press. January 4, 2008.
  43. ^ "Dave Chappelle Fails To Set Comedy Endurance Record When Nature Calls" The Huffington Post; October 20, 2009
  44. ^ http://humormillmag.com/dave-chappelle-chris-tucker-katt-williams-comedy-show-a-huge-success/
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  46. ^ Zinoman, Jason (August 15, 2013). "Dave Chappelle Returns to Stand Up With Stories to Tell". The New York Times.
  47. ^ Oldenburg, Ann (August 30, 2013). "Dave Chappelle walks off stage in Connecticut". USA Today.
  48. ^ Mike Dunn (August 30, 2013). "It Wasn't a 'Meltdown': Here's What Really Happened at Dave Chappelle's Show in Hartford". The Huffington Post. Retrieved March 27, 2014.
  49. ^ Sacks, Ethan. "Gossip: Dave Chappelle blames 'young, white alcoholic' hecklers for Hartford, Conn. debacle, says he hopes North Korea drops bomb on city". Daily News. New York.
  50. ^ Zinoman, Jason (August 24, 2014). "Chappelle Returns to Hartford (All Is Forgiven)". The New York Times.
  51. ^ "Dave Chappelle Joins Spike Lee's Chiraq". New York. Retrieved 22 December 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)
  52. ^ Pedersen, Erik (November 4, 2016). "Dave Chappelle To Host 'Saturday Night Live' On November 12". Deadline.com. Retrieved November 22, 2016. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  53. ^ Watercutter, Angela (21 November 2016). "Dave Chappelle is doing three netflix specials in 2017". Wired.com. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  54. ^ Stanhope, Kate (November 21, 2016). "Dave Chappelle Headed to Netflix With 3 Stand-Up Specials". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 22, 2016. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  55. ^ "Dave Chappelle to Emcee NBA Basketball Clinic". Otisfield, Maine: Seeds of Peace. July 21, 2004.
  56. ^ Katt Williams: Dave Chappelle Is Funnier Than Me. YouTube. 17 July 2014.
  57. ^ Katt Williams on Dave Chappelle Getting Blacklisted. YouTube. 12 April 2013.
  58. ^ Kevin Hart: Dave Chappelle is Greatest Comedian Ever. YouTube. 2 July 2013.
  59. ^ Elizabeth Janet Ludwig (2007). American Stand-up and Sketch Comedy: Between Race and Gender. The Works of Dave Chappelle and Margaret Cho. University of Alberta (Canada). ISBN 978-0-494-29890-9.
  60. ^ Falk, Oskar. Representations of ethnicity in stand-up comedy: A study of the comedy of Dave Chappelle (PDF) (Thesis). Göteborgs universitet. Retrieved March 27, 2011. Abstract: This study has two main aims: (1) to look at, and analyze, how language is used in stand-up comedy in order to portray characters of different ethnicity, and (2) to look at how these characters are portrayed and what images of these ethnic groups are conveyed to the audience. The main results are that the linguistic features typically associated with the ethnic group in question are strengthened and exaggerated in order for the viewers to determine the characters' ethnic origin more easily, and that the characters are often displayed as racial stereotypes. In this particular essay two stand-up shows by comedian Dave Chappelle are examined.
  61. ^ "Charlie Sheen Blames Dave Chappelle, Testosterone Cream For 2010 Meltdown On 'Conan'". Huffington Post. April 12, 2013. Retrieved March 27, 2014. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)
  62. ^ "Dave Chappelle and Prince, together at last! (Sort of)". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2013-08-21.
  63. ^ Klein, Joshua (March 7, 2001). "The sixth man". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 2007-03-21.
  64. ^ Carla Sims, publicist
  65. ^ "Chappelle plans to stay in Ohio town". The Associated Press/USA Today. September 11, 2006. Retrieved March 21, 2007. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  66. ^ Van Boom, Daniel (January 23, 2014). "U.S. comedian Dave Chappelle heads to Australia for his first ever tour outside North America". Daily Mail.
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