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Deckham
Old Durham Road, Deckham
Population9,938 
OS grid referenceNZ2661
Metropolitan borough
Metropolitan county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townGATESHEAD
Postcode districtNE8
Dialling code0191
PoliceNorthumbria
FireTyne and Wear
AmbulanceNorth East
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Tyne and Wear

Deckham is a residential suburb in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead in Tyne and Wear, England. It is bordered by Gateshead to the north, Sheriff Hill to the south, Felling and Carr Hill to the east and Shipcote to the west. It lies on the B1296, the route of the old Great North Road, 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Gateshead town centre, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and 13 miles (21 km) north of the city of Durham. In 2011, Deckham had a population of 9,938.

Deckham's history is sparsely documented but suggests that the settlement was established at the junction of Carr Hill Road and the Old Durham Road in the early 19th century alongside the estate of Deckham Hall, built several centuries earlier and inhabited at one time by Thomas Deckham. The village grew, and at the turn of the 20th century was enveloped by urban spawl when neighbouring Gateshead absorbed its outlying villages and settlements. Deckham is largely distinguished from other areas by a commercial area on Old Durham Road which is the principal route through the suburb. Historically, Deckham was a village in County Durham and was incorporated into the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead by the Local Government Act 1972.

Deckham has steep topography which has shaped the character of the suburb. Residents can enjoy striking views towards Newcastle upon Tyne and across the Team Valley. The settlement is governed locally by a Parliamentary Labour council and elects a Labour MP.

Deckham is an area of social and economic deprivation, in the top ten per cent of such areas according to the Index of Multiple Deprivation. Housing stock is predominantly council housing and is, in many places, outdated and in need of modernisation. Whilst once the site of a coal mine, there is today no major employer in Deckham, which is considered a residential suburb of Gateshead. The main economic activity is in a commercial development on Old Durham Road. Deckham has a number of public houses, one of which, the Plough Inn, is more than 150 years old. The only education provision is at South Street Primary School, which is a good school according to OFSTED. There are two churches, one of which, the Church of St George, is a Grade II listed building, and community facilities are provided by Deckham Community Centre and the Elgin Centre in Carr Hill.

History

Main article: Gateshead Fell
An 1895 Ordnance Survey Map of the early Deckham settlement (marked in red) on which Deckhall Hall and the two public houses are clearly evidenced

Unlike Sheriff Hill, Carr Hill and Low Fell, Deckham's history is sparsely recorded. It indicates that, by the middle of the 19th century, there was a small settlement[1] which was part of Gateshead Fell; a wild and treacherous area of common land[2] notable for the criminality of the tinkers and hawkers who lived there.[3] Ordnance survey mapping illustrates the sparsity of buildings in 1860; the area contained little except Deckham Hall, a few other dwellings and two public houses[4] at the point where the old turnpike road[note 1] branched off towards Carr's Hill.[1] The two public houses were the 'Speed the Plough'[5] and 'The Ship'.[4]

The Deckham Hall estate was on the east side of Old Durham Road, 1.25 miles from the Tyne Bridge.[6][7] It is evidenced in 1614 and belonged to Thomas Deckham,[8] who died the same year and bequeathed it to his granddaughter[9] with "three pounds for the bringing home of water" to the poor people of the area.[7] It changed hands regularly between the families Wooler, James and Bowker,[7] in the centuries after Deckham's death and varied in size whilst doing so.[6] Alderman Benjamin Biggar, Mayor of Gateshead 1861–2, is thought to have lived at Deckham Hall.[10]

The 19th-century Tyneside flats in Northborne Street

By the turn of the 20th century Deckham's rural aspect had changed. Whilst there remained large areas of grass and woodland between Deckham and Gateshead, there was a period of extensive building; several dozen dwellings were erected by 1895 in the Mount Pleasant area as Gateshead expanded southwards.[11] A public house was built at the junction of Taylor Terrace and Split Crow Road.[12] Two years later, a tract of Tyneside flats was built on the west side of the Old Durham Road and many streets in the area, such as Chandos Street, Shipcote Terrace, Raby Street and Northborne Street, are evidenced, along with an unnamed school.[13] By 1919, some rural scenes could still be enjoyed[14] but the fields were "rapidly encroached upon" in the 1920s and 1930s[14] and replaced with more terraced housing at Caris Street, Fullerton Place and Methuen Street and large tracts of council houses.[15] By this time, Deckham Hall was in a state of disrepair and was notable to residents for its resemblance to a haunted house "because of its air of gloom and the strange echoes to be heard on windy nights".[16] The hall was demolished in 1930[17] and more council houses were erected on the site.[18]

Hendon Road

Since the intensive period of house building, little has changed. At the west end of the suburb, the Tyneside flats at Northborne Street and surrounding streets remain in situ and here there is "housing and little else".[19] Much of this housing is in poor condition, some is in "crumbling disrepair" and requires substantial investment.[20][21][22] Old Durham Road has developed into the focal point of the neighbourhood[23] and is the sole commercial area, with small, independent shops running along the western end of the road backing onto the streets from Inskip Terrace and Shipcote Terrace.[24] Whilst many retail units are in a state of deterioration,[25] and despite a report describing recent housing development on the east side of Old Durham Road as "poorly handled and unsightly",[26] the area remains "interesting and lively".[27] By contrast, the central and eastern areas of Deckham are affected by a more marked decline. At the western edge there are stone remnants of an old, rural settlement,[27] but the remainder, grouped around Edgeware and Kingston Roads, consists of bland, repetitive social housing arranged on long, curved streets which combine to create an environment which is anonymous, claustrophobic and disorientating.[27] One source describes the environment as one where "eyesores become landmarks (lock–up workshops on Kingston Road), any slight change in materials becomes significant (system–built housing on Kingston Road), and any attempt to do something different becomes a relief (a corner garden on Mayfair Gardens)".[27]

The net result is that, in Deckham today:

There is something of a sense of isolation in parts of Deckham, especially further up the hill as development densities drop, commercial and social facilities disappear and activity levels on the street fall away. Around the Old Durham Road the surviving mix of small shops and meeting places generate some impression of communal spirit, but the poor condition of many properties and the dominance of the public realm by traffic serve to stunt it.[28]

Economy

The shopping area on Old Durham Road is the economic hub of the area.

Unlike Sheriff Hill, Deckham was not founded on heavy industry. It developed primarily for its ease of access to the turnpike road, the principle route between Durham and Newcastle-upon-Tyne which ran through it.[29] There is evidence of coal mining; the Durham Mining Museum has a record for 'Deckham Hall Colliery'.[30] Few records of the colliery survive, and it is difficult to ascertain when it opened, but the colliery was located 1.5 miles south from Newcastle[30] and was in the hands of Hopper, Hughes and Company in 1886.[31] By December 1893 the colliery had been abandoned as being "not workable to a profit".[32]

In common with most suburbs of the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, its economy is dominated by the economies of Newcastle–upon–Tyne and Gateshead town centre.[33] This is reflected in terms of independent commercial space; retail floor space in the suburb totals 1% of that available in the whole metropolitan borough.[34] There are 33 retail units concentrated on Old Durham Road, which provide some employment, though these are at the lower end of the spectrum and provide little choice.[35] There is a good provision of hardware stores, fast–food outlets and hairdressers, a butcher's shop, a greengrocer and a supermarket, but there is no bakery, bank nor building society and the Post Office has closed.[36] The retail units were domestic properties, so many are too small for retail purposes and around 20% are vacant.[37]

Deckham suffers from high levels of unemployment; in 2011 the mean percentage of the population claiming Jobseekers Allowance was 7%. This compares to Gateshead's 5% average over the same period.[38] Youth unemployment is 10%, compared to Gateshead's 9%.[39]

Geography and topography

From the southern end of Old Durham Road, the steep slope north towards central Gateshead is apparent and the cityscape of Newcastle upon Tyne is clearly visible.

Deckham, at latitude 54.95° N and longitude 1.59 ° W, lies less than 1 mile (1.6 km) south and east of Gateshead town centre between two main transport corridors; Sunderland Road to the east and Old Durham Road to the west.[40] The distance from Deckham to London is 255 miles (410 km). Deckham occupies an elevated position, especially at its north end which sits on a ridge,[41] and some parts are steeply sloped– notably those which border Sheriff Hill to the south.[40]

In the urban expansion of Gateshead, Deckham was enveloped so that its exact boundaries are difficult to define.[6] The estate had boundaries at Split Crow Road, Old Durham Road, Hendon Road and Carr Hill Road[6] but documents indicate that Deckham stretches to Durham Road in the west and the streets adjoining Hendon Road as far north as the Bankies open space at Mount Pleasant.[42] In 1974 Deckham was incorporated into the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead by the Local Government Act 1972. Until its implementation, Deckham was part of County Durham.[43] It is now bordered by settlements which are part of the metropolitan borough. These are Sheriff Hill to the south, Low Fell and Shipcote to the west, Gateshead to the north and Felling and Carr Hill to the east.[44]

Deckham has distinctive, steep topography which "shapes the character" of the suburb.[45] Though the urbanisation of Gateshead has detracted from panoramic views that were once enjoyed by residents, the topography ensures that residents continue to have excellent views towards Newcastle-upon-Tyne and the Team Valley.[46]

Governance

Gateshead Council, Deckham–2012 local elections[47]
Candidate name Political party Number of votes % of votes cast
Brian Coates Labour 1,407 70%
May Ainscow Conservative 214 10.7%
Karen Therese Crozier Liberal Democrats 146 7.3%
John Richards National Front 124 6.2%
Norman Hall Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition 118 5.9%

Deckham is a council ward in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead. It is approximately 1.5 square kilometres (0.58 sq mi) in area and has a population of 9,228.[48] It is represented by three councillors. In June 2012, they were Brian Coates, Martin Gannon and Bernadette Oliphant.[49]

Deckham is part of the Westminster parliamentary constituency of Gateshead. It was previously in the Gateshead East and Washington West constituency which was abolished by boundary changes before the 2010 UK General Election.[50] For many years the MP was Joyce Quin, who retired on 11 April 2005 and was awarded a life peerage into the House of Lords on 13 June 2006[51] and is now Baroness Quin.

The present MP Ian Mearns, is a member of the Labour party and his office is in Gateshead.[52] He replaced Sharon Hodgson who successfully campaigned in the newly formed constituency of Washington and Sunderland West.[53] In the 2010 UK General Election, Mearns was elected with a majority of 12,549 over Frank Hindle. The swing from Labour to the Liberal Democrats was 3.9%.[54]

Deckham is in a safe Labour seat. Mearns' success in 2010 followed of Sharon Hodgson, who in the 2005 UK General Election polled over 60% of the votes cast[55] whilst in 2001, Joyce Quin was returned with a majority of 53.3%.[56]

Demography

Deckham compared (2001)
Deckham[57] Gateshead[58] England[58]
Total population 7,886 191,151 49,138,831
White 98.0% 98.4% 90.9%
BME 2% 1.6% 4.6%
Aged 0–19 24.3% 24.2% 26.32%
Aged 65+ 14.5% 17.3% 15.9%
Male 48.5% 48.3% 48.7%
Female 51.5% 51.7% 51.3%

According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, Deckham has a population of 9,228– 51.5% of the population are female, slightly above the national average, whilst 48.5% are male.[59] Only 2% of the population are from a black or other minority ethnic group (BME), as opposed to 9.1% of the national population.[58][59] Of the BME group, 35% are from the Asian or Asian–British ethnic group.[60] Deckham has a high proportion of lone parent households at some 15% of all households.[61] This is the third highest figure in Gateshead and compares with a borough average of 11.5%.[61][62] Some 31% of households have dependent children, as opposed to 29.5% nationally and 28.4% in Gateshead.[61] The Index of Multiple Deprivation, which divides England into 32,482 areas and measures quality of life to indicate deprivation, splits Deckham into halves and lists the western half, along with Carr Hill and Sheriff Hill, in the top 10% of all deprived areas in England in 2012. The eastern half is in the top 5% of deprived areas.[59]

In 2011 however, the ethnic minority population increased rapidly. In 2001, 96.8% of Deckham's population were white British, this figure reduced to 92.3% white British in 2011. Also, the population increased massively too, from 7,886 in 2001 to 9,938 in 2011. 88.8% of adults in lone parent households with independent children were women.[63][64]

In 2011, 7.7% of Deckham's population were non white British. This is above average for the Metropolitan borough of Gateshead, but below average for the town of Gateshead which Deckham forms a part of.

Deckham compared 2011 Gateshead Town Deckham (ward)
White British 92.0% 92.3%
Asian 2.5% 2.6%
Black 0.8% 0.7%

[63]

Deckham is situated to the east of Gateshead town centre. It is also split into three sub districts, Central Deckham, Mount Pleasant and Carr Hill.

Culture

Notable buildings

Deckham has three buildings listed by English Heritage. They are 33 and 35 Fife Street and the Church of St George.[65]

The Church of St George

The flats at 33 and 35 Fife Street, in Mount Pleasant, are Grade II Listed buildings. Described by English Heritage as "perhaps the last surviving example of an unspoilt, 2–flat dwelling of high quality but modest size", they were built in the latter part of the 19th century from sandstone ashlar and slate.[66] The Church of St George is an Anglican church at the corner of Inskip Terrace and Durham Road built in 1896 by Stephen Piper of Newcastle.[67][68] This "bold and remarkably simple"[68] church consists of a nave, vestry, bell tower and porch, is built in sandstone[69] and remains in very good condition.[70] Access to the bell tower is by spiral staircase and the staircase and bells are in good order.[71] Of particular note is the church organ; a Father Willis built organ which has been described as "an utter gem" and "exceptional".[72]

Deckham's other church is the Emmanuel Pentecostal Church, a plain, stone building located in a prominent position on the corner of Caris Street and Old Durham Road.[73] Little is documented regarding this church, and the date of building is difficult to ascertain, though the Pentecostal movement in Britain dates to 1907[74] and the church was certified for the solomnising of marriages as recently as 21 October 1959.[75] The Church is a member of the Assembly of God denomination of Pentecostalism[73] and hold weekly Sunday worship, a prayer service on Mondays and a children's group on Wednesdays.[76]

Two more buildings were locally listed as places of special interest by Gateshead Council. These are Carr Hill Clinic at Carr Hill Road/Ilford Place and St Mark's Methodist Church at Shipcote Terrace.[77]

Venues

The Plough Inn, Old Durham Road

Deckham has several public houses. The Plough Inn on Old Durham Road and is evidenced on the ordnance survey map in 1862 where it is shown as 'Speed the Plough'.[4] The Shakespeare Inn is on Split Crow Road and Mount Pleasant Working Mans Club is described by one official document as "intrusive"[78] though it hosts several local housing discussion groups.[79] The Deckham Inn at the junction of Split Crow Road and Old Durham Road, was closed in the early 21st century and an application to demolish it to make way for residential flats was approved in 2004.[80] After objections were raised planning approval was rescinded but it was demolished in 2011.[81]

Community facilities

There are no libraries in Deckham, though Gateshead Central Library, the largest library in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, is nearby.[82] Gateshead Leisure Centre in Shipcote and Saltwell Park are close by.[83]

Deckham Community Centre

The Deckham Community Association was formed in 1979 as a focal point for resident representation within the community.[84] In 1983, the association moved into its permanent home, the Deckham Community Centre, on Split Crow Road.[85] The centre was gutted by fire in 2002 in an arson attack and was closed for a year for repairs.[86] An open day was held to mark the reopening in May 2003.[87]

Residents have access to activities such as youth clubs, music tuition and pilates.[88] The association is a registered charity[89] and though fundraising has been a problem[90] the centre is the sole beneficiary of the 'Lee Adamson Memorial Fund'; a fundraising trust set up when Adamson, a Deckham resident and volunteer at the centre, died of meningitis in 1998. By 2011, the fund had raised around £15,000 and a plaque was installed in his honour at the centre.[91] It works collaboratively with Route 26 Community Project at the Elgin Centre in Carr Hill, as part of the 'Deckham Cluster' arrangement.[92]

The Elgin Centre

Entrance to the Elgin Centre

The Elgin Centre is on Elgin Road at the south–east boundary between Deckham and Carr Hill. Whilst geographically outside Deckham, the centre provides "the key cluster" of community provisions for its residents.[93] These facilities contribute to the regeneration of the suburb.[94][95]

The facilities are utilized by the Route 26 Community Project; a registered charity based at the centre[96] which aims to work towards the betterment of lives in Deckham and neighbouring wards.[97] The project works with Gateshead Council and the Gateshead Housing Company to provide a community cafe promoting healthy eating (the 'T–Junction'), a gymnasium, indoor sports hall, outdoor Five-a-side football pitches and a meeting place for resident groups. The project has education provision for young children as a registered day–care provider[98] and it also offers adult education and training.[99][100] The project hosts the 'Carnival on the Hill/Deckham Festival'; a collaborative enterprise between Route 26, Gateshead Council and Home Group which offers free activities, such as go-karting and children's soft play, against the backdrop of a steel band.[101] The second Deckham Festival was held on 3 September 2011 and attracted over one thousand visitors, including Mayor of Gateshead and BBC local weatherman Paul Mooney.[102][103]

Transport

The principal road, the B1296, extends southwards from the Gateshead Roundabout uphill into Deckham.

The suburb is crossed by the B1296 Old Durham Road,[104] a commuter road[105] and route of the Great North Road before it was diverted through Low Fell on the route of the A167.[106] Journey time by car or bus to Gateshead town centre is approximately 5 minutes, and 10–12 minutes into the centre of Newcastle upon Tyne.[107]

Deckham is in a "metro corridor" so that it is broadly equidistant from Gateshead Metro station and Gateshead Stadium Metro station.[108]

Deckham is on a major bus route into Gateshead; and Old Durham Road is a "bus priority route".[109] The suburb is served by several bus services, such as the Fab 56[110] which continues into Sunderland, the Citylink 57[111] which terminates at Wardley and the CityLink 58.[112] It is also part of the Qualyink Q1/Q2 network.[113] Services to intu MetroCentre[114] and Chester-le-Street[115] also run through and stop in the area. All buses serving Deckham are operated by Go North East under the administration of Nexus.[116]

List of buses serving Deckham[117]
Route To Via Frequency Route Name
Q1 Newcastle, Central Station Tyne and Wear MetroNational Rail Felling Square, Heworth InterchangeBus interchangeNational RailTyne and Wear Metro, Wrekenton, Low Fell, Gateshead InterchangeBus interchangeTyne and Wear Metro, Quayside
every fifteen minutes
   Quaylink
Q2 Gateshead InterchangeBus interchangeTyne and Wear Metro
28 Newcastle, Eldon Square Gateshead InterchangeBus interchangeTyne and Wear Metro
hourly
   Waggonway 28
Chester-le-StreetBus interchangeNational Rail Sheriff Hill, Wrekenton, Birtley
56 Newcastle Pilgrim Street Gateshead InterchangeBus interchangeTyne and Wear Metro
every twelve minutes
   Fab 56
Park Lane InterchangeBus interchangeTyne and Wear Metro Sheriff Hill, Wrekenton, Concord, Washington
57 Newcastle Pilgrim Street Gateshead InterchangeBus interchangeTyne and Wear Metro
every twenty minutes
   Citylink 57
Wardley Sheriff Hill, Beacon Lough, Leam Lane Estate
58 Heworth InterchangeBus interchangeTyne and Wear MetroNational Rail Felling, Windy Nook, Leam Lane Estate
every ten minutes
   Citylink 58
Hadrian Park Gateshead InterchangeBus interchangeTyne and Wear Metro, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, A1058 Coast Road
67 intu MetroCentreBus interchangeTyne and Wear MetroNational Rail Bensham, Dunston
hourly
   Go North East 67
Wardley Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Leam Lane Estate

Education

The entrance to South Street Primary School; the only school in Deckham.

South Street Community Primary School at the northern end of Deckham in Cramer Street and caters for pupils in the 3–11 age range.[118] The number of pupils eligible for free school meals is well above the national average.[118] In the most recent OFSTED inspection, the nursery provision was praised for enabling children who enter the school with skills below that expected of similarly–aged children nationwide to achieve well through a stimulating and engaging curriculum[119] and the nursery provision was good overall.[120] The primary provision was praised for providing a safe and engaging learning environment in which children are able to progress to a level broadly comparable with children nationally and where pupils are extremely well behaved.[120] In all inspection categories, the primary provision was judged good.[121]

South Street Primary is the only school in Deckham. Some children of primary–school age, particularly those living in the east of Deckham, attend nearby Carr Hill Primary School instead[122] and the majority of children aged 11–16 will attend Thomas Hepburn Community Academy in Felling.[123]

Deckham compares unfavourably with the wider Gateshead area in respect of adults with educational qualifications. 43% of adults have no educational qualifications, compared to 38.4% across the whole of Gateshead and the England average of 28.9%.[124][125] Only 17% of adults have five or more GCSE's or equivalent at A*–C (compared to 36.9% across Gateshead and 47.6% nationally) whilst 6% of adults in the suburb have two or more A-Level's (or equivalent).[124][126]

Notes

  1. ^ Now Old Durham Road. The route of the B1296 Old Durham Road is exactly the same as the old turnpike road which ran through Gateshead Fell and which linked Durham to Newcastle-upon-Tyne (see Manders, 1973: 308)

References

  1. ^ a b Manders, 1973: 312
  2. ^ Manders, 1973: 308
  3. ^ Manders, 1973: 309. Indeed, in March 1888, North Country Lore and Legend, Monthly Chronicle recalled: "Gateshead Fell, as the name implies, was once a wild common, over a portion of which lay the road between Durham and Newcastle. The loneliness of the bleak moorland was quite guile enough to invest it with terror to travellers a hundred years ago and occasionally there were incidents that served greatly to enhance the evil repute of the locality ..." (author unknown)
  4. ^ a b c "England - Durham: 007", Ordnance Survey 1:10,560 - Epoch 1 (1862). An online version may be available here courtesy of British History Online (accessed 17 June 2012)
  5. ^ Manders, 1973: 312–3
  6. ^ a b c d Carlton, 1974: 26
  7. ^ a b c MacKenzie and Ross, 1834: 106
  8. ^ MacKenzie, 1827, 760
  9. ^ Walton, 1962 at para.3
  10. ^ Walton, 1962 at para.18
  11. ^ 'Newcastle Upon Tyne - Durham: 007/01', Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 - Epoch 1 (1895) An online version may be available here
  12. ^ 'Newcastle Upon Tyne - Durham: 007/01', Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 - Epoch 1 (1895) An online version may be available here probably 'The Deckham Inn'.
  13. ^ County Series, Durham VII 5, 1987, scale 1: 2,500
  14. ^ a b Manders, 1973: 314
  15. ^ NLP, 2006: 3 at para 1.8
  16. ^ Walton, 1962 at para.25
  17. ^ Carlton, 1974: 27
  18. ^ Walton, 1962 at para.26
  19. ^ GC07– Deckham West: 1
  20. ^ NLP, 2006: 6 at para. 1.19
  21. ^ UHC, 2006: 31 at para 8.3
  22. ^ NLP, 2006: 13 at para.1.53
  23. ^ UHC, 2006: 31 at para 8.7
  24. ^ UHC, 2006: 13 at para 2.11
  25. ^ UHC, 2006: 17 at para 4.7
  26. ^ UHC, 2006: 25 at para 6.15
  27. ^ a b c d GC09– East Deckham: 1
  28. ^ UHC, 2006: 15 at para.3.12
  29. ^ Manders, 1973: 307
  30. ^ a b Author unknown, Deckham Hall Colliery, Durham Mining Museum (retrieved 19 June 2012).
  31. ^ Walton, 1962
  32. ^ Author unknown, Catalogue of Plans of Abandoned Mines for Deckham Hall Colliery, Durham Mining Museum (retrieved 19 June 2012).
  33. ^ NPSD, 2006: 36 at para 4.4
  34. ^ NPSD, 2006: 37 at para. 4.10
  35. ^ NPSD, 2006: 41 at para.4.38
  36. ^ NPSD, 2006: 41–42: at paras. 4.39 & ndash; 4.41
  37. ^ NPSD, 2006: 42 at para.4.42
  38. ^ Deckham–Ward Factsheet, 2012: 1 (retrieved 19 June 2012)
  39. ^ Deckham–Ward Factsheet, 2012: 2 (retrieved 19 June 2012)
  40. ^ a b NLP, 2006: 1
  41. ^ GVA, 2006: 7 at para 4.3
  42. ^ GVA Grimley, Deckham Neighbourhood- Preferred Plan, Gateshead Council, December 2005 (retrieved 17 June 2012)
  43. ^ Manders, 1973, 306
  44. ^ GVA, 2006: 20
  45. ^ GVA, 2006: 7 at 4.3
  46. ^ NLP, 2006: 1 at 1.1
  47. ^ Author unknown, "Local Elections 2012- Deckham", Gateshead MBC (Accessed 18 June 2012)
  48. ^ Author unknown, "Deckham–Ward Factsheet", Gateshead MBC, 2012 (Accessed 17 June 2012)
  49. ^ Author unknown, "Ward Information–Deckham", Gateshead MBC (retrieved 17 June 2012)
  50. ^ Author Unknown, "Gateshead East and Washington West", The Guardian Online (retrieved 17 June 2012)
  51. ^ Author unknown, "(Profile) Joyce Quin", They Work For You (retrieved 14 April 2012)
  52. ^ Author unknown, "Contact Ian Mearns", IanMearns.Org (retrieved 16 April 2012)
  53. ^ Author unknown, "Election 2010- Washington & Sunderland West", the BBC Online (retrieved 14 April 2012)
  54. ^ Author unknown, "Election 2010- Gateshead", the BBC Online (retrieved 14 April 2012).
  55. ^ Author unknown, "Election 2005", the BBC Online (retrieved 14 April 2012)
  56. ^ Morgan, 2001: 67
  57. ^ Author Unknown, Deckham Ward Factsheet, Gateshead Council, 2012 (retrieved 17 June 2012)
  58. ^ a b c Author unknown "Neighbourhood Statistics, Area Gateshead, Key figures for 2001", Office for National Statistics, UK Census 2001 (Retrieved 14 April 2012).
  59. ^ a b c Deckham Ward Factsheet, 2012: 1
  60. ^ Author Unknown, Census 2001 Ward Factsheet – Deckham, 2004: 9
  61. ^ a b c Author Unknown, Census 2001 Ward Factsheet – Deckham, 2004: 15
  62. ^ Author Unknown, Census 2001 Ward Factsheet – Deckham, 2004: 5
  63. ^ a b http://www.ukcensusdata.com/deckham-e05001073#sthash.ZkgQaMMp.dpbs
  64. ^ http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=13689578&c=deckham&d=14&e=15&g=6357391&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=322&m=0&r=1&s=1457764013875&enc=1&dsFamilyId=47
  65. ^ English Heritage Building Reference: 430219, Listing Reference NGR: NZ2610862052
  66. ^ Author unknown, List Entry Summary–33 and 35 Fife Street, English Heritage (retrieved 20 June 2012)
  67. ^ Jones, 2011: 2 at para. 1.1
  68. ^ a b Pevsner, 1983: 284
  69. ^ Jones, 2011: 2 at para. 1.2
  70. ^ Jones, 2011: 2 at para. 3.1
  71. ^ Jones, 2011: 3 at para. 5.1–5.5
  72. ^ By Simon Lindley, Organist of Leeds Parish Church and Philip Moore, Organist and Master of the Music, York Minster respectively at PHI CD 194– The Father Willis Organ, St George Church, Gateshead, Amphion CD's, released 19/3/2004
  73. ^ a b Oxborough, 2008: 1
  74. ^ Whittaker, 2012: 483
  75. ^ Author unknown, Legal Notices, The London Gazette, 30 October 1959, 6876
  76. ^ Oxborough, 2008: 3
  77. ^ Quinn, 2004: App.2
  78. ^ GC08, 2008: 1
  79. ^ Author unknown, Deckham tenants to see improvement choices, Gateshead Council, 27 January 2010.
  80. ^ Application DC/04/00759/FUL, Gateshead Council, 2004. An online version may be available here.
  81. ^ Author unknown, Deckham Planning Refusal Upheld, Gateshead Council, 6 February 2009
  82. ^ NPSD, 2006: 60 at para. 8.18
  83. ^ NSPD, 2006: 60 at para. 8.20
  84. ^ Author unknown, Deckham Community Association– Our History, Deckham Community Association Online (retrieved 20 June 2012)
  85. ^ NPSD, 2006: 61 at para.8.4
  86. ^ Author unknown, Blaze damage centre reopens, Newcastle Evening Chronicle, 24 May 2003 at paras. 1–3
  87. ^ Author unknown, Blaze damage centre reopens, Newcastle Evening Chronicle, 24 May 2003 at para.6
  88. ^ Author unknown, Deckham Community Association– What's on offer?, Deckham Community Association Online (retrieved 20 June 2012)
  89. ^ Registered Charity number 518836
  90. ^ NSPD, 2006: 61 at para.8.4
  91. ^ Wearmouth, 2011: 1–2
  92. ^ Bailey, 2007: 9
  93. ^ UDHC, 2006: 13
  94. ^ UDHC, 2006: 43
  95. ^ NPSD, 2006: 59 at para. 8.5
  96. ^ Registered Charity number 1064584
  97. ^ Author Unknown, Route 26 Community Project– Charity Overview, The Charity Commission (retrieved 21 June 2012).
  98. ^ OFSTED reference number EY340899
  99. ^ Author unknown, Housing fund gives Deckham project £2775 training boost, Gateshead Housing Company, 4 March 2008
  100. ^ NSDP, 2006: 59 at para. 8.6
  101. ^ Author unknown, Roll up to the Deckham Carnival, Home Group, 2011 (retrieved 21 June 2011)
  102. ^ Bradshaw (Christmas issue), 2011: 2
  103. ^ Bradshaw (issue 22), 2011: 1
  104. ^ Ordnance Survey grid reference NZ2660
  105. ^ NPSD, 2007: 42 at para. 4.43
  106. ^ Harper, 2009: 182
  107. ^ Author unknown, Timetable - Stop No: 15039, Old Durham Road, Go North East (retrieved 01 May 2016)
  108. ^ NSPD, 2006: 1 at para. 1.3
  109. ^ NSPD, 2006: 42 at apar. 4.43
  110. ^ Author unknown, Route Map, Fab Fifty Six, Go North East (retrieved 01 May 2016)
  111. ^ Author unknown, Route Map, Citylink 57, Go North East (retrieved 01 May 2016)
  112. ^ Author unknown, Route Map, Citylink 58, Go North East (retrieved 01 May 2016). The reference point is Split Crow Road/Hendon Road.
  113. ^ Author unknown, Route Map, Quaylink Q1/Q2, Go North East (retrieved 01 May 2016)
  114. ^ Author unknown, Route Map, 67, Go North East (retrieved 01 May 2016). The reference point is Split Crow Road/Hendon Road.
  115. ^ Service information, Waggonway 28, Go North East (retrieved 01 May 2016)
  116. ^ Author unknown, "What is Nexus?", Nexus (retrieved 20 June 2012)
  117. ^ "View All Routes". Go North East. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  118. ^ a b Shearsmith, 2008: 1
  119. ^ Shearsmith, 2008: 4–5
  120. ^ a b Shearsmith, 2008: 4
  121. ^ Shearsmith, 2008: 5–7
  122. ^ NPSD, 2006: 54 at para. 6.1
  123. ^ NPSD, 2006: 55 at para. 6.5
  124. ^ a b Author Unknown, Census 2001 Ward Factsheet – Deckham, 2004: 16
  125. ^ EHT, 2008: 53
  126. ^ EHT, 2008: 54

Bibliography

Academic texts

  • Carlton, Ian Clark (1974). A Short History of Gateshead. Gateshead Corporation. ISBN 0-901273-04-X.
  • Harper, Charles George (2009). The Great North Road, the Old Mail Road to Scotland. BiblioLife. ISBN 1-113-19919-9.
  • MacKenzie, Eneas (1827). Historical Account of Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Including the Borough of Gateshead. McKenzie and Dent. ISBN 1-144-29746-X.
  • MacKenzie and Ross (1834). An Historical, Topographical and Descriptive View of the County Palatine of Durham. McKenzie and Ross. ISBN 1-150-79679-0.
  • Manders, Francis William David (1973). A History of Gateshead. Gateshead Corporation. ISBN 0-901273-02-3.
  • Pevsner, Nikolaus (1983). The Buildings of England–County Durham. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09599-6.
  • Ward, Inna (2012). Whitaker's Almanack. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4081-3012-4.

Journals, publications, reports and other sources

Where an abbreviation is used in the references this is indicated below in (brackets) at the end of the source name. When a source is available online, a link has been included.

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