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Eagle Forum

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Eagle Forum
Founded1972
FounderPhyllis Schlafly
Location
Members
80,000[1]
Key people
Eunie Smith, President
Websitewww.eagleforum.org

Eagle Forum is a conservative interest group in the United States founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 and is the parent organization that also includes the Eagle Forum Education and Legal Defense Fund and the Eagle Forum PAC.[2] The Eagle Forum has been primarily focused on social issues; it describes itself as pro-family and reports membership of 80,000.[1][2] Others have described it as socially conservative[2] and anti-feminist.[3]

History

Eagle Forum founder Phyllis Schlafly

In 1967, Phyllis Schlafly launched the Eagle Trust Fund for receiving donations related to conservative causes.[4] After the 1972 proposal of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), Schlafly reorganized her efforts to defeat its ratification, founding the group "Stop ERA"[5] and starting the Eagle Forum Newsletter. In 1975 Stop ERA was renamed the Eagle Forum.[5]

The Eagle Forum Education and Legal Defense Fund was organized in 1981 as a non-profit wing of Eagle Forum.[6] It is a tax deductible charity under Internal Revenue Service (IRS) code.[7]

Symbol used for signs and buttons by ERA opponents

The Eagle Forum PAC began receiving donations in 1993[8] and has served as a source for candidate endorsements from the Eagle Forum and has donated money to various candidates that the organization People for the American Way has described as "right-wing".[2]

Eagle Forum members have often worked within the Republican Party. The Texas state Eagle Forum chairperson, Cathie Adams, for instance, was named Republican national committeewoman from Texas at the state convention in 2008 and then in October 2009 was chosen as interim chairperson of the Republican Party of Texas.

Political and social positions

The Eagle Forum is involved primarily in conservative issues. The organization uses grassroots techniques to promote conservative women's and family issues in public policy

According to the organization's website, the Eagle Forum's mission is "to enable conservative and pro-family men and women to participate in the process of self-government and public policy making so that America will continue to be a land of individual liberty, respect for family integrity, public and private virtue, and private enterprise." On its website, the Eagle Forum states its invitation to "build a better educated, safer, stronger America based on traditional values." It outlines its five missions as an organization: supporting American sovereignty, supporting American identity, supporting the Constitution, exposing radical feminists, and supporting a traditional education.[9]

The organization opposes the idea of opening borders to Mexico and Canada and are against international oversight from the United Nations and the International Criminal Court. In 2006, Eagle Forum began preparations to fight the supposed introduction of the Amero Northern American currency.[10]

The Eagle Forum supports English-only education in schools, saying that every child should be taught to read and write in English before first grade. The organization opposes "liberal propaganda" in schools, and supports parents' right to protect their children against such information. It has also been opposed to access to free daycare as well as sex education.[9]

The Eagle Forum was pegged by Schlafly as "the alternative to women's lib." It is opposed to a number of feminist issues, which founder Phyllis Schlafly claimed were "extremely destructive" and "poisoned the attitudes of many young women." The organization believes only in a family consisting of a father, mother and children. They are supportive of women's role as "fulltime homemakers",[9] and opposed to same-sex marriage. Eagle Forum opposes abortion and has defended the push for government defunding of Planned Parenthood.[11]

Opposition to the ERA

After gaining publicity for her book, A Choice, Not an Echo, Phyllis Schlafly began her fight against the ratification of the proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). The ERA had passed in the United States House of Representatives by a vote of 354 to 23. Five months later, the amendment passed in the Senate with a vote of 84 to 8, and 7 members abstaining. In order to be adopted into the Constitution, the amendment had to be ratified by three-fourths (38) of the states. Schlafly then reorganized her efforts to defeat its ratification, founding the group "STOP ERA" and starting the Eagle Forum Newsletter. STOP ERA was established in the fall of 1972 an organization dedicated to the defeat of the Equal Rights Amendment. The group's name is an acronym for the phrase "Stop Taking Our Privileges."[12]

In one issue of the Eagle Forum Newsletter, titled "Whats Wrong With Equal Rights for Women,” Schlafly argued against the ratification of the ERA on the basis that it would take rights and protections away from women. According to Schlafly, the passage of the ERA could "mean Government-funded abortions, homosexual schoolteachers, women forced into military combat and men refusing to support their wives." The newsletter began to circulate, and many conservative women wrote to their legislators, relaying the concerns voiced by Schlafly in the Eagle Forum Newsletter.[13] Support for The Eagle Forum grew with the support of many conservative women and various church groups, as did the opposition to the ERA. Many of the same women who had helped Schlafly distribute her book were involved with STOP ERA. Less than a year after its creation, STOP ERA had grown to several thousand members.[12]

State legislators were able to vote on the ERA beginning in March 1972 and were given a deadline in 1979. Within a year, thirty states had ratified the ERA, and the amendment needed only eight more states to pass. In 1977, STOP ERA protested the Equal Rights Amendment at the 1977 National Women's Conference in Houston, Texas. STOP ERA claimed that the national plan of action that was proposed at the conference was “anti-family." At the conference, Phyllis Schlafly teamed up with Indiana State Senator Joan Gubbins to form a "pro-life, pro-family" coalition to voice the conservative opposition to the ERA.[14] Schlafly also testified against the potentially harmful effects of the ERA before Georgia, Virginia, Missouri, and Arkansas legislatures. STOP ERA’s tactics were successful; by the 1979 deadline the amendment still needed three states to pass. The ERA was then given a three-year extension, during which no states ratified or rescinded the amendment. By the time of the ERA's defeat, the Eagle Forum had reached 50,000 members.[12]

Since its initial defeat, the Equal Rights Amendment has been revisited by legislators, such as Carolyn Maloney.[15] Each time it has been proposed, the amendment has received the same opposition from the Eagle Forum. The last state ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment was in Indiana in January 1977.

Programs and activities

Eagle Forum maintains offices in Clayton, Missouri; Alton, Illinois; and Washington, D.C, and has chapters in thirty states. On its website, the Eagle Forum publishes a weekly column which for many years was written by Schlafly.[9]

Two youth-oriented programs are also operated by the Forum: the "Teen Eagles" program for children ages 13–19,[16] and the "Eagle Forum Collegians" for conservative-minded college students.[2] The Teen Eagles is an organization aimed to "inform youth on key political issues, and to equip them with the skills they need to make a difference in the world." It operates chapters in Alabama and in St. Louis, Missouri.[16] Eagle Forum Collegians hosts summits in Washington D.C. and St. Louis, Missouri, inviting college students to engage with conservative activists to promote conservative ideology amongst young adults.

Eagle Forum operates "Eagle Forum University", a "continuing education" program that offers conservative-oriented online courses on various topics.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Join Eagle Forum so you will have a voice at the U.S. Capitol and at State Capitols". Retrieved 2006-01-22.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Eagle Forum". People for the American Way. September 2002. Retrieved 2007-02-19.
  3. ^ Global Policy Forum - NGOs at the UN: Discrimination
  4. ^ Encyclopedia of Women and American Politics - Lynne E. Ford - Google Boeken. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
  5. ^ a b Roads to Dominion: Right-Wing Movements and Political Power in the United States Sara Diamond. Guilford Press, 1995.
  6. ^ "Microsoft Word - English brief final.doc" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-03-26.
  7. ^ "Tax Information for Charities & Other Non-Profits". Irs.gov. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
  8. ^ "F.E.C. IMAGE 93038344312 (Page 1 of 7)". Herndon1.sdrdc.com. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
  9. ^ a b c d "Join Eagle Forum and Phyllis Schlafly -- Join Eagle Forum so you will have a voice at the U.S. Capitol and at State Capitols". www.eagleforum.org. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
  10. ^ "Eagle Forum Blog: Moving Toward a North American Union". blog.eagleforum.org. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
  11. ^ "Planned Parenthood's Odious Activities - Eagle Forum". Eagle Forum. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
  12. ^ a b c Critchlow, Donald T. (2005-01-01). Phyllis Schlafly and Grassroots Conservatism: A Woman's Crusade. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691070024.
  13. ^ "Phyllis Schlafly". MAKERS. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
  14. ^ MAULDIN, COTTRELL, DEBBIE. "NATIONAL WOMEN'S CONFERENCE, 1977". tshaonline.org. Retrieved 2015-12-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ "Equal Rights Amendment". Congresswoman Carolyn Maloney. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
  16. ^ a b "About Us | Teen Eagles". www.teeneagles.org. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
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