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Emmure
Emmure performing at 2014's Mayhem Fest
Emmure performing at 2014's Mayhem Fest
Background information
OriginNew Fairfield, Connecticut
GenresMetalcore, nu metal, deathcore
Years active2003–present
LabelsSharpTone,[1] Victory, This City Is Burning
MembersFrankie Palmeri
Joshua Travis
Phil Lockett
Josh Miller
Past membersJesse Ketive
Ben Lionetti
Joe Lionetti
Dan Steindler
Mark Davis
Mike Mulholland
Mike Kaabe
Mark Castillo
Adam Pierce

Emmure (/ɛˈmjuːr/) is an American metalcore band formed in 2003. Originally based in New Fairfield, Connecticut, but now residing in Queens, New York, the group has a total of seven releases, with their first public release being a 2006 EP entitled The Complete Guide to Needlework.

Victory Records took notice of the band after the release of their extended play and signed them, releasing their first full-length album Goodbye to the Gallows in 2007. Their second, third and fourth albums The Respect Issue (2008), Felony (2009) and Speaker of the Dead (2011) were all distributed through Victory too. After the band's initial four-album contract with Victory expired, they signed again with Victory to distribute their fifth and sixth studio albums Slave to the Game (2012) and Eternal Enemies (2014) as well. However after nine years of being signed to the label, Emmure would leave Victory in 2016 to sign with SharpTone Records, which is distributed through Nuclear Blast. The seventh album, titled Look at Yourself, released on March 3, 2017.

Formation

Emmure was started in 2003. Frankie Palmeri (from Queens, New York) met Joe and Ben Lionetti (from New Fairfield, Connecticut) through an internet message board. Palmeri then traveled to Connecticut to begin rehearsals together. Bassist Dan Steindler and guitarist Jesse Ketive, residents of New Fairfield and Queens, respectively, then joined when the three began another recruiting search for members. In 2004, Steindler left the band and was later replaced by Mark Davis.[2] Ketive was formerly in the band Warfix, in which he played guitar alongside Sean Murphy and Mike Kaabe of Endwell (Kaabe eventually Joining Emmure himself in April 2009) and Bryan Goldsman of Southside Panic (and co-producer of Felony). The band's name "Emmure" is a reference to immurement, a form of execution.[3]

History

In 2008, the band finished a tour in the lower 48 US states supporting Misery Signals, August Burns Red, and Burn Down Rome. That summer was spent on their headlining tour with Endwell, On Broken Wings, Ligeia, Recon, Unite and Conquer, Carnifex and others.

On May 1, 2009, rumors of the Lionetti brothers' departure from the band, due to conflict between members, were confirmed in a statement from Joe Lionetti.[4] According to its page on Victory Records' web site, Emmure found a new guitarist and drummer in Mike Mulholland and Michael Kaabe, respectively. Mike Kaabe formerly played with Warfix, Hulk Blood, and Endwell and is also the step-brother of Emmure guitarist Jesse Ketive.

On June 20, 2009 the music video of "False Love in Real Life" was broadcast on MTV's Headbanger's Ball, which was directed by Frankie Nasso. Nasso previously directed the video to "Sound Wave Superior" as well.[5] Emmure completed their third studio album, Felony, released on August 18, 2009 on Victory Records. The band was announced as one of the groups to be featured on 2010s Warped Tour as well as The Bamboozle.

The group was included on Attack Attack!'s headlining This Is a Family Tour alongside Of Mice & Men, Pierce the Veil and In Fear and Faith. They embarked on the Reckless and Relentless Tour with Asking Alexandria, Chiodos, Miss May I, Evergreen Terrace, and Lower than Atlantis and have joined the Never Say Die! tour across Europe along with Parkway Drive, Comeback Kid, Bleeding Through, War From a Harlots Mouth, Your Demise and We Came as Romans. Emmure released their next album, Speaker of the Dead on February 15, 2011. On January 18, 2011, Emmure released a single from the album Demons with Ryu onto iTunes.[6] On February 9, 2011, the music video for "Solar Flare Homicide" premiered.[7] Speaker of the Dead debuted at number 68 on the Billboard 200 and number 11 on the top Independent Albums.

Emmure at a signing table during 2013's Mayhem Festival.

They toured in The Mosh Lives tour with Visions, We Set the Sun, Iwrestledabearonce, War from a Harlots Mouth, and Winds of Plague in Europe. The group also co-headlined the All Stars Tour in summer of 2011 with Alesana, Blessthefall, The Ghost Inside, In This Moment, Motionless in White, and many other bands. The band also co-headlined the Never Say Die tour with Vanna, The Human Abstract, As Blood Runs Black, The Word Alive, Deez Nuts, and Suicide Silence. In October 2011, drummer Mike Kaabe was fired from the band after multiple conflicts with the band's members as well as the band's manager.[8]

On January 4, 2012, guitarist Jesse Ketive confirmed that the band began recording their fifth album with producer Joey Sturgis,[9] who produced their previous release Speaker of the Dead. Four days following this, Lambgoat revealed that ex-Bury Your Dead and Crossfade drummer Mark Castillo had joined Emmure for the recording of their fifth full-length.[10] Castillo later confirmed that he would be leaving Crossfade to drum for Emmure full-time.[11] The album was announced to be titled Slave to the Game and would be released on April 10, 2012. Crossfade's old bass player also joined their lineup. Prior to the recording of Slave to the Game, Emmure re-signed with Victory Records after their previous four-album contract's expiration.[12] On February 3, 2012, Emmure released a video for "Drug Dealer Friend".[13] On March 7, 2012, the band released their first single from Slave to the Game, entitled "Protoman", which was later released digitally, concurrently with the album's second single "I Am Onslaught".[14] A video was later shot and released for "Protoman". On May 25, 2012, it was announced that the band was filming a video for the track "MDMA", thus making it the third single from Slave to the Game.[15]

From July 13 – August 28, 2012, Emmure took part in Metal Hammer's "Trespass America Festival" headlined by Five Finger Death Punch with additional support from Battlecross, God Forbid, Pop Evil, Trivium and Killswitch Engage.[16] The band also confirmed they had once again re-signed with Victory Records for their sixth album, which will be recorded towards the end of 2013 with a planned release for Spring 2014.[17] On February 18, they announced the release of their sixth album, Eternal Enemies, which will be released via-Victory Records on April 15, 2014.[citation needed] It was officially announced on July 2 that drummer Castillo quit the band "under amicable circumstances."[18] The same month, rapper Riff Raff released a remix of his song "2 Girls 1 Pipe" that features Frankie Palmeri.[19] Emmure also supported Parkway Drive on their Atlas 2012 European tour with The Word Alive and Structures also joining them From November 11 to December 12.

The band was also featured on the entire Rockstar Energy Mayhem Festival in 2014 with bands like Avenged Sevenfold, Korn, Cannibal Corpse, Suicide Silence, Trivium, Asking Alexandria, Miss May I, Veil of Maya, Upon a Burning Body and Body Count.

On November 20, 2014, Emmure began their headline US tour, the Eternal Enemies Tour. In support were The Acacia Strain, Fit for a King, Kublai Khan, and Sylar. The tour ended on December 21, 2014 in New York. Stray from the Path was originally slated to also appear on the tour, but dropped off weeks before its commencement to allow them to finish an upcoming album. It was simultaneously announced that Sylar would take their place on the tour. The Eternal Enemies Tour was much anticipated due to the fact that Emmure and The Acacia Strain once had a well publicized feud back in 2009, which has since cooled, and both co-headlined the tour. The two bands' former feud was often parodied by promotional posters for the tour, including a bill and a teaser video both advertising that the tour was "Emmure vs. The Acacia Strain".[20]

In February 2015, Emmure and Suicide Silence did a co-headlining tour in the United States with support from Within the Ruins and Fit for an Autopsy. However, vocalist Palmeri damaged his voice and was unable to perform for a leg of the tour. He was, however, able to return to singing again on March 13. A European tour with Caliban, Thy Art Is Murder and Sworn In was also announced. But it was canceled since Palmeri still had severe acute and chronic reflux laryngitis and a weak left vocal cord. Emmure began to tour again in September with Hatebreed at the UK's GhostFest. As well as two headlining shows in St. Petersburg and Moscow Russia with Born of Osiris as support. In October 2015, Emmure was originally going to support All That Remains and We Came as Romans on the Hardrive Live Fallout tour. But due to personal issues within the band, Emmure dropped off the tour.

On December 22, 2015, it was reported by mass sources including Alternative Press and Lambgoat that all members apart from vocalist Frankie Palmeri had departed from the group. While the details behind the members' departure was not officially disclosed, former bassist Mark Davis announced that they would be forming a project of their own.[21] Palmeri later stated that he had already acquired a new full lineup and had already begun studio rehearsals, but omitted the identity of the new musicians.[22] It wasn't until a late April performance in Oberhausen, Germany that the new lineup was revealed, which includes current and past members of Glass Cloud and the now-defunct Tony Danza Tapdance Extravaganza.[23][24]

Emmure announced their departure from Victory Records on October 13, 2016 and had signed with SharpTone Records, while also releasing the first single "Torch" from their upcoming album, titled Look at Yourself.[25] On December 16, 2016, the band released "Russian Hotel Aftermath", the second single.[26][27]

Musical style and lyrical themes

Musical style

Emmure has been defined as metalcore,[28] deathcore,[29] nu metal,[28] and alternative metal.[30] The band has received both praise and criticism for the abundance of breakdowns in their music.[31] Spoken words, rapping and dissonant chords are also often incorporated in their sound.[32][33] Despite being labeled by many as deathcore, they are often referred to as metalcore by fans and publications.[34] The band occasionally incorporates clean vocals in their music.[35][36][37]

Lyrical themes

Lyrical topics that Emmure touches upon usually focus on breakups, social indifference, philosophy, and religion.[38] Many of the band's songs contain references to video games and comic books, particularly from Street Fighter and Marvel Comics, of which vocalist Frankie Palmeri is an avid fan. However, in a 2013 interview with Get Your Rock Out, Palmeri explained that he would not be writing songs based on metaphors involving Marvel Comics characters any longer as he felt that "those avenues are not the correct catharsis for the band anymore."[39][40]

Influences

Frankie Palmeri has stated that he is influenced by Fred Durst, and Jonathan Davis.[41] The band has been noted for being influenced by Limp Bizkit, Korn, Nine Inch Nails, Slipknot and Converge among many other 1990's bands.

Controversy

Emmure's frontman Frankie Palmeri was subject to controversy when a line of T-shirts under his name began being produced that depicted an image taken from the Columbine massacre with the phrase "Shoot First Ask Questions Last" and another line with a scene from American History X which states "Violence As A Way of Life".[42][43] Numerous journalists and bloggers observed the efforts as "poorly designed", "awful taste" and "terribly offensive" while lacking any redeemable purpose or social commentary other than to stir controversy.[43][44][45] Additionally, Palmeri has been quoted in a variety of online rants in which he uses the words "faggot" and "nigga" repeatedly, moves which have caused some observers to label him a racist and homophobic.[46][47][48]

With the release of a track-listing for their new album Eternal Enemies on February 18, 2014,[49] the band sparked another bit of controversy based around the name of the first track, "Bring a Gun to School", leading their ex-rhythm guitarist Ben Lionetti to post a statement regarding his former band and addressing the track, and referred to Palmeri as a "disgusting human being". He has decided he may file legal action against the band, the label that holds them and their management in order to get back what they owe him and his brother Joe, a former drummer of the band.[50][51] Ultimately, Emmure changed the title of the song "Bring a Gun to School" (which was track 1 on the album) to simply "(Untitled)" due to the backlash.[52]

Concert tours

  • The Mosh Lives 2008 Tour- Emmure, On Broken Wings, Recon, Ligeia, After The Burial & Red I Flight
  • 2008 Tour- Suicide Silence, The Dillinger Escape Plan, Emmure, Architects
  • The Atticus Metal Tour- Winds of Plague, Emmure, Terror, All Shall Perish, The Ghost Inside, Shai Hulud, Underneath the Gun, ABACABB
  • Thrash & Burn 2009- Devildriver, Emmure, Despised Icon, My Children My Bride, Veil of Maya, For the Fallen Dreams, Oceano, Periphery, Red River Revival
  • The Hard Knocklife Tour- Emmure, Stick to Your Guns, Evergreen Terrance, For Today, Oceano
  • Beast Fest 2009- Caliban, Suicide Silence, Emmure, Maroon, After the Burial
  • The Hard Knocklife UK Tour- Emmure, Caliban, After the Burial
  • This is a Family Tour- Attack Attack, Emmure, Pierce the Veil, Of Mice & Men, In Fear & Faith
  • Warped Tour 2010- Suicide Silence, Whitechapel, The Dillinger Escape Plan, Of Mice & Men, Parkway Drive, Emmure, Bad Reilgon, Andrew W.K, Bring me the Horizon, Haste the Day, Enter Shikari, Alesana, Sum41, Attack Attack
  • Never Say Die Tour!- Parkway Drive, Comeback Kid, Bleeding Through, Emmure, War From a Harlots Mouth, Your Demise, We Came as Romans
  • Euro 2010 Tour- Misery Signals, August Burns Red, Emmure
  • The Mosh lives II- Emmure, Terror, After the Burial, Miss May I, Thick as Blood
  • Reckless & Relentless Tour- Asking Alexandria, Emmure, Chiodos, Miss May I, Evergreen Terrance, Lower Than Atlantis
  • All Stars 2011- Emmure, Chelsea Grin, Born of Osiris, After the Burial, For Today, Iwrestledabearonce, Attila, Alesana, Blessthefall, In this Moment, Memphis May Fire, The Ghost Inside, Motionless in White, For All Those Sleeping
  • Take A Picture, It Will Last Longer Tour- We Came as Romans, Emmure, Sleeping with Sirens, Attila, For All I Am
  • The Mosh lives 2011- Emmure, Winds of Plague, War From a Harlots Mouth, Iwrestledabearonce, Visions
  • The Mosh lives Europe Tour- Emmure, Chelsea Grin, Attila, Obey the Brave, Buried in Verona
  • The Fire & Ice Tour- We Came As Romans, Emmure, Blessthefall, Woe is Me, The Color Morale
  • Japan Tour 2011- Emmure, Loyal to the Grave, Crystal Lake
  • Noise Revolution Tour- Static-X, Ill Nino, Emmure
  • Trespass America Tour- Killswitch Engage, Five Finger Death Punch, Trivium, Emmure, Pop Evil, God Forbid, Battlecross
  • Atlas European Tour- Parkway Drive, Emmure, The Word Alive, Structures
  • Brothers of Brutality Tour- Whitechapel, Emmure, Unearth, Obey the Brave, The Plot in You
  • Get what You Give Australian Tour- The Ghost Inside, Emmure, Antagonist, Hand of Mercy
  • Mayhem Fest 2013- Rob Zombie, Mastodon, Five Finger Death Punch, Amon Amarth, Children of Bodom, Machine Head, Job For A Cowboy, Huntress, Butcher Babies, Battlecross, Huntress, Emmure, Born of Osiris, Motionless in White, Thrown into Exile, City in the Sea
  • Mayhem sideshows- Emmure, Born of Osiris, Defiler
  • Mosh Lives 2014- Emmure, Volumes, Thy Art is Murder, Gideon, Sworn In
  • Mayhem Fest 2014- Avenged Sevenfold, Korn, Asking Alexandria, Trivium, Cannibal Corpse, Suicide Silence, Mushroomhead, Body Count, Miss May I, Emmure, Veil of Maya, Darkest Hour, Upon A Burning Body, Texas Hippie Coalition, Darkest Hour, ILL Nino, Islander, Wretched, King 810, Erimha
  • Emmure vs The Acacia Strain- Emmure, The Acacia Strain, Fit For A King, Kublai Khan, Sylar
  • Stronger than Faith Tour- Suicide Silence, Emmure, Within the Ruins, Fit For an Autopsy
  • The Mosh Lives UK- Emmure, Thy Art is Murder, Sworn In, Heart of A Coward, Martyr Defiled (cancelled)
  • The Mosh Lives European Tour- Emmure, Caliban, Thy Art is Murder, Sworn In
  • Ozzfest meets Knotfest 2016
  • The Chaos Tour- Attila, Chelsea Grin, Emmure, Sylar
  • Torch the Earth 2017 Tour- Emmure, After the Burial, Fit For a King, Oceans Ate Alaska, Loathe (cancelled)
  • Carry the Flame Tour- After the Burial, Emmure, Fit For a King, Fit For an Autopsy, Invent. Animate
  • Warped Tour 2017- Hatebreed, CKY, GWAR, Attila, Memphis May Fire, Blessthefall, I Prevail, After the Burial, Stick to Your Guns, Sick of it All, Municipal Waste, Anti-Flag, Emmure, Beartooth, Silent Planet, The Acacia Strain
  • Never Say Die 2017- Emmure, Deez Nuts, Chelsea Grin, Kublai Khan, Sworn In, Polaris, Lorna Shore

Band members

Timeline

Discography

Main article: Emmure discography
Full-length albums

Filmography

Title Year Director
"Enemy Lines" 2014 Cole Dabney[53]

References

  1. ^ "Emmure - About". Facebook. Retrieved 2016-12-27.
  2. ^ "Internet Archive Wayback Machine". Web.archive.org. 2007-08-11. Archived from the original on 2007-08-11. Retrieved 2012-10-03. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
  3. ^ "Emmure Interview |". Empireunderground.com. 2011-04-21. Archived from the original on 2013-11-10. Retrieved 2011-10-27. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ "Emmure departures confirmed | News". Lambgoat. 2009-05-01. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  5. ^ "Emmure". Victory Records. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
  6. ^ "Demons with Ryu". Theprp.com. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  7. ^ "EMMURE "Solar Flare Homicide" Music Video". YouTube. 2011-02-09. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  8. ^ Rosenburg, Axl. "DRUMMER MIKE KAABE SPLITS WITH EMMURE ON 100% COMPLETELY AMICABLE TERMS". MetalSucks. Retrieved 2011-10-17.
  9. ^ "Emmure To Begin Tracking New Album Next Week | Theprp.com – Metal, Hardcore And Rock News, Reviews And More". Theprp.com. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  10. ^ "Emmure recruits ex-BTBAM, BYD drummer". Lambgoat.com. Retrieved 2012-01-08.
  11. ^ "Mark Castillo". Facebook. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  12. ^ "The Metal & Hardcore Times: Emmure Set to Release 5th Album "Slave To The Game"". Tmhtimes.com. 2012-01-20. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  13. ^ "The Metal & Hardcore Times: New Video Alert: Emmure - "Drug Dealer Friend"". Tmhtimes.com. 2012-02-09. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  14. ^ "Emmure - Protoman (Audio)". YouTube. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  15. ^ "Alternative Press | News | Emmure shooting "MDMA" video". Altpress.com. 2012-05-25. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  16. ^ Paul, Long (2012-04-24). "Trespass America Touring Fest Breaks Out: FFDP, Killswitch, Trivium, God Forbid, Hit the Road". KNAC. Archived from the original on 2012-10-20. Retrieved 2012-05-31. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "DEAD PRESS! | NEWS: Emmure re-sign with Victory Records to release sixth album for Spring 2014!". DEAD PRESS!. 2013-09-19. Retrieved 2013-09-19.
  18. ^ "EMMURE Drummer Is Over It; Quits!". Metal Injection. 2014-07-02. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  19. ^ "EMMURE's Frankie Palmeri Raps on New RIFF RAFF Remix Track (Yes, For Real!)". Metal Injection. 2014-07-03. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  20. ^ "Emmure vs The Acacia Strain - Eternal Enemies Tour". YouTube. 2014-11-18. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  21. ^ "Emmure members all quit band except vocalist". Lambgoat.com. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
  22. ^ "Frankie Palmeri: 'This Is Not the End of Emmure'". Loudwire. Retrieved 2015-12-24.
  23. ^ "Emmure Officially Confirm New Lineup | Theprp.com – Metal And Hardcore News Plus Reviews And More". Theprp.com. 2016-04-24. Retrieved 2016-12-27.
  24. ^ "EMMURE adds new bassist". Lambgoat.com. 2016-04-23. Retrieved 2016-12-27.
  25. ^ "Emmure Signs With Nuclear Blast/Sharptone, Releases New Song 'Torch'". Blabbermouth.net. 2016-10-13. Retrieved 2016-12-27.
  26. ^ "Twitter". Retrieved 2017-01-13.
  27. ^ "AUDIO: Emmure – Russian Hotel Aftermath | DEAD PRESS! | Alternative music news, reviews, interviews and more!". Dead Press!. 2016-12-16. Retrieved 2016-12-27.
  28. ^ a b Wenger, Tim (9 February 2013). "Fans Rage at Emmure Show 1/27". Colorado Music Buzz. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  29. ^ Wiederhorn, Jon (September 2008). "Dawn of the Deathcore". Revolver. No. 72. Future US. pp. 63–66. ISSN 1527-408X.
  30. ^ Monger, James. "Emmure". Allmusic. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
  31. ^ "Felony Review". AbsolutePunk. Retrieved 2011-04-27.
  32. ^ [1] [dead link‍]
  33. ^ "Review: Emmure – Speaker Of The Dead". Under the Gun Review. 2011-02-16. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  34. ^ "(Metalcore) Emmure - Felony - 2009, FLAC (tracks+.cue), lossless :: RuTracker.org (ex torrents.ru)". RuTracker.org. 2009-08-18. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  35. ^ "I Love EC2 - Emmure". YouTube. 2009-08-18. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  36. ^ "Emmure - Don't Be One". YouTube. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  37. ^ "Emmure sleeping princess in devils castle". YouTube. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  38. ^ "Emmure LYRICS". Lyricsmania.com. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  39. ^ "Frankie Palmeri of Emmure - "No More Comic Book Songs"". YouTube. 2013-04-28. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  40. ^ "Emmure interview". YouTube. 2013-04-16. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  41. ^ [2] Archived June 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  42. ^ "Emmure Frontman's Clothing Line Shut Down Over... — PropertyOfZack". Propertyofzack.com. 2012-08-07. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  43. ^ a b "EMMURE's Frankie Palmeri Has A Talent For Making Shirts That Are Both Poorly Designed & Terribly Offensive". Metal Injection. 2012-08-07. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  44. ^ "Emmure's Frankie Palmeri's "Cold Soul" Merch Store Shut Down For Offensive Designs (Updated) | Theprp.com – Metal And Hardcore News Plus Reviews And More". Theprp.com. 2012-08-06. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  45. ^ "Emmure Singer's Merch Store Shut Down For Insensitive Designs". Metal Insider. 2012-08-07. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  46. ^ "EMMURE's Frankie Palmeri Is Upset About...I'm Not Quite Sure What!". Metal Injection. 2013-05-06. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  47. ^ Neilstein, Vince. "Frankie Palmeri is Angry at Married People". MetalSucks. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  48. ^ "Controversial opinion: EMMURE are sellouts and 'SLAVE 2 THA GAEM' is not even hardcore!". MetalSucks. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  49. ^ "'Emmure announce new album 'Eternal Enemies". AltPress. 2014-02-18. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
  50. ^ "'Emmure co-founder threatens lawsuit; calls frontman "a disgusting human being"'". AltPress. 2014-02-19. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
  51. ^ "'Emmure co-founder slams Frankie Palmeri; lawsuit?'". Lambgoat. 2014-02-19. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
  52. ^ "Emmure change title of "Bring a Gun to School" song". Punknews.org. 2014-03-03. Retrieved 2016-12-27.
  53. ^ "Emmure - The Making of Eternal Enemies [In Stores April 15". YouTube. 2014-02-25. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
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