Haplogroup Q-M25
Haplogroup Q-M25 | |
---|---|
Possible time of origin | about 16,800YBP(YFull v3.18) |
Possible place of origin | Central Asia |
Ancestor | Q-F1096(F1215) |
Defining mutations | M25 |
Haplogroup Q-M25, also known as Q1a1b is a subclade or branch of human Y-DNA haplogroup Q-F1096 (Q1a1), which is, in turn, a subclade of Q-MEH2 (Q1a). In human genetics, each Y-DNA haplogroup consititutes a biological paternal lineages back to a shared common male ancestor.
Distribution
Q-M25 has descendants in modern populations across all of Eurasia. Recent studies on the Turkmens of Iran and Afghanistan suggest that it is dominant Y-DNA in Turkmens. Only two detailed studies on the Y-DNA on Turkmens have taken place, one found that the Turkmens in Afghanistan have 31.1% Q-M25 and 2.7% Q1a3-M346(currently Q1a2-M346)(Q total 25/74=33.8%),[1] another study found that 42.6% of Iranian Turkmens have haplogroup Q-M25 (also known as Q1a1b) [2]
The Americas
Q-M25 has not been detected in pre-Columbian populations in the Americas.
Asia
Q-M25 has been detected in the Northeast of East Asia, in South Asia, and across Central Asia.[3][4][5] Though present at low frequencies, it may be one of the more widely distributed branches of Q-M242 in Asia.
Population | Paper | N | Percentage | SNP Tested | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Turkmen Iran | Grugni 2012[2] | 29/68 | ~42.6% | M25 & M143 | |
Turkmen Afghanistan | Cristofaro2013[1] | 23/74 | ~31.1% | M25 & M346/ (cf)Q1a3(currently Q1a2)=2/74 (Q total=33.8%) | |
Central Asia & Siberia | Underhill 2000[4] | 6/184 | ~3.26% | M25 & M143 | |
Kalmyks | Malyarchuk 2011[3] | 1/60 | ~1.70% | M25 | |
Han (Shanxi) | Zhong 2010[5] | 1/56 | ~1.79% | M25 | |
Uygur (Xinjiang) | Zhong 2010[5] | 1/71 | ~1.41% | M25 | |
Uygur (Xinjiang) | Zhong 2010[5] | 1/50 | ~2.00% | M25 |
West Asia
The frequency of Q-M25 varies greatly across West Asia. An extreme peak is seen in the Turkmen of Golestan.[2] Across the whole of Iran it varies from over 9 percent of the population in the north to only 2 to 3 percent of the population in the south.[6] The frequency of Q-M25 drops to only about 1 percent of the population of Lebanon's Muslims, and it is absent from the non-Muslim population there.[7] However, its presence in the Marsh Arabs(related to Sumer) of Iraq hints that Q-M25's West Asian history extends beyond a single localized recent founder.[8]
Population | Paper | N | Percentage | SNP Tested | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Marsh Arabs | Al-Zahery 2011[8] | 1/143 | ~0.70% | M25/ (cf)Q1b-M378=2.1% | |
Iraqis | Al-Zahery 2011[8] | 0/154 | ~0.00% | M25/ (cf)Q1b-M378=1.9% | |
Iran (North) | Regueiro 2006[6] | 3/33 | ~9.09% | M25 | |
Iran (South) | Regueiro 2006[6] | 3/117 | ~2.56% | M25 | |
Iran (Azeri) | Grugni 2012[2] | 1/63 | ~1.60% | M25 | |
Iran (Turkmen of Golestan) | Grugni 2012[2] | 29/68 | ~42.6% | M25 | |
Lebanon (Non-Muslim) | Zalloua 2008[7] | 0/482 | ~0.00% | M25 | |
Lebanon (Muslim) | Zalloua 2008[7] | 4/432 | ~0.93% | M25 |
Europe
Q-M25 is present across modern Turkey[9] and in Eastern Europe.
Population | Paper | N | Percentage | SNP Tested | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
East Anatolia | Cinnioglu 2004[9] | 1/82 | ~1.20% | M25 |
Associated SNP's
Haplogroup Q-M25 is defined by the presence of the M25 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) as well as the M143, L714, and L716 SNPs.
Phylogenetic Tree
This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's Draft tree Proposed Tree for haplogroup Q-M25.
- Q-M25 M25, M143, L714, L716
- Q-L712 L712
- Q-L713 L697.2, L713, L715, M365.3
- Q-L712 L712
See also
Y-DNA Q-M242 Subclades
Y-DNA Backbone Tree
References
- ^ a b J D Cristofaro et al., 2013, "Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge", http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0076748
- ^ a b c d e Grugni, Viola; Battaglia, Vincenza; Hooshiar Kashani, Baharak; Parolo, Silvia; Al-Zahery, Nadia; Achilli, Alessandro; Olivieri, Anna; Gandini, Francesca; et al. (2012). Kivisild, Toomas (ed.). "Ancient Migratory Events in the Middle East: New Clues from the Y-Chromosome Variation of Modern Iranians". PLoS ONE. 7 (7): e41252. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041252. PMC 3399854. PMID 22815981.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b Malyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Denisova, Galina; Maksimov, Arkady; Wozniak, Marcin; Grzybowski, Tomasz; Dambueva, Irina; Zakharov, Ilya (2011). "Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a". Journal of Human Genetics. 56 (8): 583–8. doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.64. PMID 21677663.
- ^ a b Underhill, Peter A.; Shen, Peidong; Lin, Alice A.; Jin, Li; Passarino, Giuseppe; Yang, Wei H.; Kauffman, Erin; Bonné-Tamir, Batsheva; et al. (2000). "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations". Nature Genetics. 26 (3): 358–61. doi:10.1038/81685. PMID 11062480.
- ^ a b c d Zhong, H.; Shi, H.; Qi, X.-B.; Duan, Z.-Y.; Tan, P.-P.; Jin, L.; Su, B.; Ma, R. Z. (2010). "Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into 42.6East Asia via the Northern Route". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28 (1): 717–27. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq247. PMID 20837606.
- ^ a b c Regueiro M, Cadenas AM, Gayden T, Underhill PA, Herrera RJ (2006). "Iran: tricontinental nexus for Y-chromosome driven migration". Hum. Hered. 61 (3): 132–43. doi:10.1159/000093774. PMID 16770078.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c Zalloua, Pierre A.; Xue, Y; Khalife, J; Makhoul, N; Debiane, L; Platt, DE; Royyuru, AK; Herrera, RJ; et al. (2008). "Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events". American Journal of Human Genetics. 82 (4): 873–882. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.020. PMC 2427286. PMID 18374297.
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: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b c Al-Zahery, Nadia; Pala, Maria; Battaglia, Vincenza; Grugni, Viola; Hamod, Mohammed A; Kashani, Baharak; Olivieri, Anna; Torroni, Antonio; Santachiara-Benerecetti, Augusta S; Semino, Ornella (2011). "In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: A survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11: 288. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-288. PMC 3215667. PMID 21970613.
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: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b Cinnioğlu C, King R, Kivisild T, et al. (January 2004). "Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia". Hum. Genet. 114 (2): 127–48. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1031-4. PMID 14586639.