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Haplogroup Q-M25

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Haplogroup Q-M25
Possible time of origin24,300 [95% CI 22,100 <-> 26,700] years before present (YFull v6.02[1])
Coalescence age16,400 [95% CI 14,900 <-> 18,000] years before present (YFull v6.02[1])
Possible place of originCentral Asia
AncestorQ-F1096(F1215)
Defining mutationsM25

Haplogroup Q-M25, also known as Q1a1b is a subclade or branch of human Y-DNA haplogroup Q-F1096 (Q1a1), which is, in turn, a subclade of Q-MEH2 (Q1a). In human genetics, each Y-DNA haplogroup consititutes a biological paternal lineages back to a shared common male ancestor.

Distribution

Q-M25 has descendants in modern populations across all of Eurasia. Recent studies on the Turkmens of Iran and Afghanistan suggest that it is dominant Y-DNA in Turkmens. Only two detailed studies on the Y-DNA on Turkmens have taken place, one found that the Turkmens in Afghanistan have 31.1% Q-M25 and 2.7% Q1a3-M346(currently Q1a2-M346)(Q total 25/74=33.8%),[2] another study found that 42.6% of Iranian Turkmens have haplogroup Q-M25 (also known as Q1a1b) [3]

The Americas

Q-M25 has not been detected in pre-Columbian populations in the Americas.

Asia

Q-M25 has been detected in the Northeast of East Asia, in South Asia, and across Central Asia.[4][5][6] Though present at low frequencies, it may be one of the more widely distributed branches of Q-M242 in Asia.

Population Sampling Location Paper N Percentage SNP Tested
Turkmen Golestan, Iran Grugni 2012[3] 29/68 ~42.6% M25 & M143
Turkmen Jawzjan, Afghanistan Di Cristofaro 2013[2] 23/74 ~31.1% M25 & M346/ (cf)Q1a3(currently Q1a2)=2/74 (Q total=33.8%)
Mixed Central Asia & Siberia Underhill 2000[5] 6/184 ~3.26% M25 & M143
Kalmyk Malyarchuk 2011[4] 1/60 ~1.70% M25
Han Shanxi Zhong 2010[6] 1/56 ~1.79% M25
Uyghur Xinjiang Zhong 2010[6] 1/71 ~1.41% M25
Uyghur Xinjiang Zhong 2010[6] 1/50 ~2.00% M25
Uzbek Jawzjan, Afghanistan Di Cristofaro 2013[2] 1/94 ~1.06% M25
Mongol Mongolia Di Cristofaro 2013[2] 1/160 ~0.63% M25

West Asia

The frequency of Q-M25 varies greatly across West Asia. An extreme peak is seen in the Turkmen of Golestan.[3] Across the whole of Iran it varies from over 9 percent of the population in the north to only 2 to 3 percent of the population in the south.[7] The frequency of Q-M25 drops to only about 1 percent of the population of Lebanon's Muslims, and it is absent from the non-Muslim population there.[8] However, its presence in the Marsh Arabs(related to Sumer) of Iraq hints that Q-M25's West Asian history extends beyond a single localized recent founder.[9]

Population Sampling Location Paper N Percentage SNP Tested
Marsh Arabs Al-Zahery 2011[9] 1/143 ~0.70% M25/ (cf)Q1b-M378=2.1%
Iraqis Al-Zahery 2011[9] 0/154 ~0.00% M25/ (cf)Q1b-M378=1.9%
Iranians Iran (North) Regueiro 2006[7] 3/33 ~9.09% M25
Iranians Mazandaran Di Cristofaro 2013[2] 1/13 ~7.69% M25
Iranians Iran (South) Regueiro 2006[7] 3/117 ~2.56% M25
Iranians Esfahan Di Cristofaro 2013[2] 1/42 ~2.38% M25
Azeris Iran (Azeri) Grugni 2012[3] 1/63 ~1.60% M25
Turkmens Golestan Grugni 2012[3] 29/68 ~42.6% M25
Lebanese (Non-Muslim) Lebanon Zalloua 2008[8] 0/482 ~0.00% M25
Lebanese (Muslim) Lebanon Zalloua 2008[8] 4/432 ~0.93% M25

Europe

Q-M25 is present across modern Turkey[10] and in Eastern Europe.

Population Paper N Percentage SNP Tested
East Anatolia Cinnioglu 2004[10] 1/82 ~1.20% M25

Associated SNP's

Haplogroup Q-M25 is defined by the presence of the M25 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) as well as the M143, L714, and L716 SNPs.

Phylogenetic Tree

This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's Draft tree Proposed Tree for haplogroup Q-M25.

  • Q-M25 M25, M143, L714, L716
    • Q-L712 L712
      • Q-L713 L697.2, L713, L715, M365.3

See also

Y-DNA Q-M242 Subclades

Y-DNA Backbone Tree

References

  1. ^ a b YFull Haplogroup YTree v6.02 at 02 April 2018
  2. ^ a b c d e f J D Cristofaro et al., 2013, "Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge", http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0076748
  3. ^ a b c d e Grugni, Viola; Battaglia, Vincenza; Hooshiar Kashani, Baharak; Parolo, Silvia; Al-Zahery, Nadia; Achilli, Alessandro; Olivieri, Anna; Gandini, Francesca; et al. (2012). Kivisild, Toomas (ed.). "Ancient Migratory Events in the Middle East: New Clues from the Y-Chromosome Variation of Modern Iranians". PLoS ONE. 7 (7): e41252. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041252. PMC 3399854. PMID 22815981.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. ^ a b Malyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Denisova, Galina; Maksimov, Arkady; Wozniak, Marcin; Grzybowski, Tomasz; Dambueva, Irina; Zakharov, Ilya (2011). "Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a". Journal of Human Genetics. 56 (8): 583–8. doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.64. PMID 21677663.
  5. ^ a b Underhill, Peter A.; Shen, Peidong; Lin, Alice A.; Jin, Li; Passarino, Giuseppe; Yang, Wei H.; Kauffman, Erin; Bonné-Tamir, Batsheva; et al. (2000). "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations". Nature Genetics. 26 (3): 358–61. doi:10.1038/81685. PMID 11062480.
  6. ^ a b c d Zhong, H.; Shi, H.; Qi, X.-B.; Duan, Z.-Y.; Tan, P.-P.; Jin, L.; Su, B.; Ma, R. Z. (2010). "Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into 42.6East Asia via the Northern Route". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28 (1): 717–27. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq247. PMID 20837606.
  7. ^ a b c Regueiro M, Cadenas AM, Gayden T, Underhill PA, Herrera RJ (2006). "Iran: tricontinental nexus for Y-chromosome driven migration". Hum. Hered. 61 (3): 132–43. doi:10.1159/000093774. PMID 16770078.
  8. ^ a b c Zalloua, Pierre A.; Xue, Y; Khalife, J; Makhoul, N; Debiane, L; Platt, DE; Royyuru, AK; Herrera, RJ; et al. (2008). "Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events". American Journal of Human Genetics. 82 (4): 873–882. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.020. PMC 2427286. PMID 18374297. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ a b c Al-Zahery, Nadia; Pala, Maria; Battaglia, Vincenza; Grugni, Viola; Hamod, Mohammed A; Kashani, Baharak; Olivieri, Anna; Torroni, Antonio; Santachiara-Benerecetti, Augusta S; Semino, Ornella (2011). "In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: A survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11: 288. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-288. PMC 3215667. PMID 21970613.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  10. ^ a b Cinnioğlu C, King R, Kivisild T, et al. (January 2004). "Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia". Hum. Genet. 114 (2): 127–48. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1031-4. PMID 14586639.
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