House of Representatives (Thailand)

House of Representatives

สภาผู้แทนราษฎร

*Sapha Phu Thaen Ratsadon*
House of Representatives ; สภาผู้แทนราษฎร; Sapha Phu Thaen Ratsadon
Type
Type	Lower house
Structure
Seats	500 MPs
Political groups	Vacant
Elections
Last election	2 February 2014 ; (nullified)
Next election	TBA
Meeting place
	Parliament House of Thailand
Website
	www.parliament.go.th

The House of Representatives (Template:Lang-th; RTGS: Sapha Phu Thaen Ratsadon) was the lower house of the National Assembly of Thailand, the legislative branch of the Thai government. The system of government of Thailand was that of a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy. The system of the Thai legislative branch was modeled after the Westminster system. The House of Representatives had 500 members, all of which are democratically elected: 375 members were directly elected through single constituency elections, while the other 125 are elected through party-list proportional representation. The roles and powers of the House of Representatives were enshrined in the Constitution of 2007.

The House of Representatives was abolished as a result of the 2014 Thai coup d'état and replaced with the National Legislative Assembly, a body of 250 members, selected by the National Council for Peace and Order.

History

The House of Representatives was established after the Revolution of 1932, when the Khana Ratsadon (the "People's Party"), overthrew the absolute monarchy and replaced it with a system of constitutional monarchy. When King Prajadhipok signed the temporary constitution of 1932, he established the first legislative assembly in Thailand, It was an entirely royally-appointed chamber. The first session of the People's Assembly was held on June 28, 1932, in the Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall. From then on, the House existed in various forms until it was abolished in 2014:

See more at: Constitutions of Thailand

1946 - The 1946 constitution established a fully elected House of Representatives.
1952 - Establishment of the unicameral National Assembly with 123 members.
1959 - The House was banned by Sarit Dhanarajata.
1968 - The House was re-established with 219 members.
1972 - The House was banned by Thanom Kittikachorn.
1974 - Establishment of the House of Representatives.
1976 - Establishment of a unicameral National Assembly with 360 royally-appointed members.
1978 - Return of an elected House with 301 members.
1991 - Establishment of a unicameral National Assembly with 292 appointed members.
1997 - Establishment of a 500-member House of Representatives, 400 directly elected with 100 elected through proportional representation.
2006 - Following the coup, an interim charter was signed establishing a 250-member National Legislative Assembly.
2007 – Return to 500-member House with 375 members elected through single constituency elections and 125 appointed through party-list proportional representation, established, by referendum under the 2007 Constitution of Thailand.
2014 - Abolished as a result of the 2014 Thai coup d'état.

Qualification

The qualifications to be a candidate for the House of Representatives were outlined in Section 101, Part 2, Chapter 6 of the 2007 Constitution. The candidate had to be a citizen of Thailand by birth only. The citizen had to be at the age of twenty-five or older on election day and had been born in the province in which he or she intended to stand as a candidate. The candidate must have been a voter and therefore had to be on the electoral register for at least five years directly before the election, and he or she must also had a house or have been in public service in the province for five years. The candidate must also had been a member of an educational institution in that province for at least five consecutive years. Politically, a candidate had to be a member of one political party for a period of at least ninety days before election day, except in cases of dissolution where thirty days was the minimum period. This was done to discourage party switching before the election. For party list candidates, they must also had to meet the same qualifications except for the provincial restrictions. They were instead divided in lists based on provincial groups.

Those specifically barred from being candidates were those: addicted to drugs, declared bankrupt, unable to vote (see voter eligibility below), former convicted felons (the individual had to wait for five years after release to become eligible), removed from public service for being corrupt or incompetent, had assets confiscated due to embezzlement and finally, the individual had not been a member of the government or civil service, Senate, local administrations, member of the judiciary or other independent agencies.

Elections

Before its abolishment, the House of Representatives had 500 members. 375 members were directly elected in single constituency elections by first-past-the-post voting. The 375 constituencies were divided by population according to the census and tambons. The other 125 members were voted based on 'proportional representation' it is actually in truth a parallel voting system or more precisely the Mixed Member Majoritarian system (MMM). In Thai general elections, voters had two votes: one to select the member of parliament for their constituencies and the second to choose which party they prefer. Seats were assigned to parties as a result through the d'Hondt method.

In accordance with the 2007 Constitution of Thailand, a general election was held every 4 years. Dissolution could happen anytime, which was done by the King with the advice of the prime minister through the use of the royal decree. Elections were held under universal suffrage; every voter had to be a citizen of Thailand, if not by birth then by being a citizen for 5 years. The voter had to be over 18 years old before the year the election was held. Voting in elections were also mandatory as missing an election would result in the loss of the right to be involved in political activities. Those barred from voting in House elections were members of the clergy, those suspended from the privilege for various reasons, detainees under legal or court orders and being of unsound mind or of mental infirmity.

Term and dissolution

The term of the House of Representatives was exactly four years from the previous election day. Upon the expiration of the House, the King would issue a decree calling for a general election of the House, in which the date of the election had to be announced. This had to be done within forty days of the expiration. The date of the election had to be the same for the entire Kingdom.

The King held the royal prerogative to dissolve the House before its expiration. When this happened a royal decree was issued where the election date was announced; this had to be done in no less than forty days and not more than sixty days from the date of the dissolution. The reasons and circumstances of a dissolution could be made only once.

Membership

Members of the House of Representatives were generally called Members of Parliament or MPs (Template:Lang-th. The membership of the House of Representatives commenced on election day. If there was a vacancy in the membership of the House, and it was not due to expiration or dissolution, it had to be re-occupied. Vacancies could occur due to death, resignation, conviction and/or expulsion (only by a parliamentary party through a 3/4 majority vote). If the vacancy was of a constituency member then an election had to be held within forty days of the vacancy, unless it was less than 180 days of the present term of the House, then the vacancy could remain.

In the case where the vacancy was made by a proportional representative member, the vacancy would be filled by the Speaker of the House of Representatives by submitting the name of the next candidate in the party list (submitted on election day) to be published in the Royal Gazette. This had to be done within seven days. If no name was found then the vacancy could remain unfilled. Members of the House who had filled a vacancy under either of these procedures could only remain in the House for the remainder of its present term.

Power and privileges

Powers

According to the 2007 Constitution of Thailand, the House of Representatives was granted many powers, most of them were shared with Senate of Thailand. These common powers were:

Legislation
Scrutiny
Passing of annual appropriations bills
Constitutional amendments

Exclusive powers:

Primary legislative chamber.
Creating and appointing committees to examine bills.
Power to call ministers to account (by appearing in the chamber and answering questions)
Removal of the prime minister through a "vote of no confidence" (more than 1/5 to vote for a debate, and a simple majority for removal).
Removal of ministers (more than 1/6 to vote for a debate, and a simple majority for removal).
Selection of its officers.
Expulsion of members
Determination of its own rules and procedures.

Privileges

No member of the House could be arrested, detained, or summoned by a warrant for an inquiry as the suspect in a criminal case unless permission of the House of which he or she was a member was obtained or he or she was arrested in flagrante delicto.

Leadership

Presiding officers

The executive committee of House of Representatives consisted of one speaker and two deputy speakers to be its presiding officers. The Speaker of the House was also the ex officio President of the National Assembly of Thailand. The election was done by a secret ballot in the first session; after a resolution was passed; the elected would be formally approved by the King. The Speaker and Deputy Speakers of the House could not be members of the cabinet or any political party executive committee. The speaker and his deputies were not entitled to represent partisan interests and had to exercise their powers on a non-partisan basis.

Leader of the Governing Coalition

The Constitution stipulated that the Prime Minister and the Ministers had to be former members of the House of Representatives. After the first session, the House had to vote in a resolution to elect a Prime Minister, after which the King would formally approve him within thirty days. The Prime Minister-elect was always the leader of the largest party in the House. However, under the electoral system, the House resulted in a hung parliament. After the 2007 election, six parties formed a governing coalition, electing Samak Sundaravej of the largest party, People's Power Party (PPP), the Prime Minister.

On August 5, 2011, the House elected Yingluck Shinawatra as Prime Minister against Abhisit Vejjajiva of the Democrat Party, to a vote of 265 for and 159 against.

Leader of the Opposition

After the appointment of the Cabinet, the King appointed the official Leader of the Opposition of Thailand. The Leader of the Opposition had to be the leader of the largest party with no members holding any ministerial positions. His party had to be larger than one fifth of the total number of the House. If no Party met this qualification then the Leader with most votes from parties with no ministerial positions would then be appointed. The Royal appointment had to be countersigned by the President of the National Assembly. The Leader of the Opposition led the Shadow Cabinet of Thailand.

General election results

Template:Thai general election, 2011

Composition

Template:Thai House Composition

Members

References

Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand 2007
Background Note: Thailand: U.S. State Department public domain document

External links