Isotopes of indium
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Standard atomic weight Ar°(In) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Indium (49In) consists of two primordial nuclides, with the most common (~ 95.7%) nuclide (115In) being measurably though weakly radioactive. Its spin-forbidden decay has a half life of 4.41×1014 years.
The stable isotope 113In is only 4.3% of naturally occurring indium. Among elements with a known stable isotope, only tellurium and rhenium similarly occur with a stable isotope in lower abundance than the long-lived radioactive isotope. Other than 115In, the longest-lived radioisotope is 111In, with a half-life of 2.8047 days. All other radioisotopes have half-lives less than a day. This element also has 47 isomers, the longest-lived being 114m1In, with a half-life of 49.51 days. All other meta-states have half-lives less than a day, most less than an hour, and many measured in milliseconds or less.
Indium-111 is used medically in nuclear imaging, as a radiotracer nuclide tag for gamma camera localization of protein radiopharmaceuticals, such as In-111-labeled octreotide, which binds to receptors on certain endocrine tumors (Octreoscan).[4] Indium-111 is also used in indium white blood cell scans, which use nuclear medical techniques to search for hidden infections.
List of isotopes
nuclide symbol |
Z(p) | N(n) | isotopic mass (u) |
half-life[n 1] | decay mode(s)[5][n 2] |
daughter isotope(s)[n 3] |
nuclear spin and parity |
representative isotopic composition (mole fraction) |
range of natural variation (mole fraction) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
excitation energy | |||||||||
97In | 49 | 48 | 96.94954(64)# | 5# ms | 9/2+# | ||||
98In | 49 | 49 | 97.94214(21)# | 45(23) ms [32(+32−11) ms] |
β+ | 98Cd | 0+# | ||
98mIn | 0(500)# keV | 1.7(8) s [1.2(+12−4) s] |
|||||||
99In | 49 | 50 | 98.93422(43)# | 3.1(8) s [3.0(+8-7) s] |
β+ | 99Cd | 9/2+# | ||
99mIn | 400(150)# keV | 1# s | 1/2−# | ||||||
100In | 49 | 51 | 99.93111(27) | 5.9(2) s | β+ (96.1%) | 100Cd | (6,7)+ | ||
β+, p (3.9%) | 99Ag | ||||||||
101In | 49 | 52 | 100.92634(32)# | 15.1(3) s | β+ | 100Cd | 9/2+# | ||
β+, p | 100Ag | ||||||||
101mIn | 550(100)# keV | 10# s | 1/2−# | ||||||
102In | 49 | 53 | 101.92409(12) | 23.3(1) s | β+ (99.99%) | 102Cd | (6+) | ||
β+, p (.00929%) | 101Ag | ||||||||
103In | 49 | 54 | 102.919914(27) | 60(1) s | β+ | 103Cd | 9/2+# | ||
103mIn | 631.7(1) keV | 34(2) s | (1/2−)# | ||||||
104In | 49 | 55 | 103.91830(9) | 1.80(3) min | β+ | 104Cd | 5,6(+) | ||
104mIn | 93.48(10) keV | 15.7(5) s | IT (80%) | 104In | (3+) | ||||
β+ (20%) | 104Cd | ||||||||
105In | 49 | 56 | 104.914674(19) | 5.07(7) min | β+ | 105Cd | 9/2+ | ||
105mIn | 674.1(3) keV | 48(6) s | IT | 105In | (1/2)− | ||||
106In | 49 | 57 | 105.913465(13) | 6.2(1) min | β+ | 106Cd | 7+ | ||
106mIn | 28.6(3) keV | 5.2(1) min | β+ | 106Cd | (3+) | ||||
107In | 49 | 58 | 106.910295(12) | 32.4(3) min | β+ | 107Cd | 9/2+ | ||
107mIn | 678.5(3) keV | 50.4(6) s | IT | 107In | 1/2− | ||||
108In | 49 | 59 | 107.909698(10) | 58.0(12) min | β+ | 108Cd | 7+ | ||
108mIn | 29.75(5) keV | 39.6(7) min | β+ | 108Cd | 2+ | ||||
109In | 49 | 60 | 108.907151(6) | 4.2(1) h | β+ | 109Cd | 9/2+ | ||
109m1In | 650.1(3) keV | 1.34(7) min | IT | 109In | 1/2− | ||||
109m2In | 2101.8(2) keV | 209(6) ms | (19/2+) | ||||||
110In | 49 | 61 | 109.907165(13) | 4.9(1) h | β+ | 110Cd | 7+ | ||
110mIn | 62.1(5) keV | 69.1(5) min | β+ | 110Cd | 2+ | ||||
111In[n 4] | 49 | 62 | 110.905103(5) | 2.8047(5) d | EC | 111Cd | 9/2+ | ||
111mIn | 536.95(6) keV | 7.7(2) min | IT | 111In | 1/2− | ||||
112In | 49 | 63 | 111.905532(6) | 14.97(10) min | β+ (56%) | 112Cd | 1+ | ||
β− (44%) | 112Sn | ||||||||
112m1In | 156.59(5) keV | 20.56(6) min | β+ | 112Cd | 4+ | ||||
112m2In | 350.76(9) keV | 690(50) ns | 7+ | ||||||
112m3In | 613.69(14) keV | 2.81(3) µs | 8- | ||||||
113In | 49 | 64 | 112.904058(3) | Stable | 9/2+ | 0.0429(5) | |||
113mIn | 391.699(3) keV | 1.6579(4) h | IT | 113In | 1/2− | ||||
114In | 49 | 65 | 113.904914(3) | 71.9(1) s | β+ (99.5%) | 114Cd | 1+ | ||
β− (0.5%) | 114Sn | ||||||||
114m1In | 190.29(3) keV | 49.51(1) d | IT (96.75%) | 114In | 5+ | ||||
β+ (3.25%) | 114Cd | ||||||||
114m2In | 501.94(3) keV | 43.1(6) ms | IT (96.75%) | 114In | (8−) | ||||
β+ (3.25%) | 114Cd | ||||||||
114m3In | 641.72(3) keV | 4.3(4) µs | (7+) | ||||||
115In[n 5][n 6] | 49 | 66 | 114.903878(5) | 4.41(25)×1014 a | β− | 115Sn | 9/2+ | 0.9571(5) | |
115mIn | 336.244(17) keV | 4.486(4) h | IT (95%) | 115In | 1/2− | ||||
β− (5%) | 115Sn | ||||||||
116In | 49 | 67 | 115.905260(5) | 14.10(3) s | β− | 116Sn | 1+ | ||
EC | 116Cd | ||||||||
116m1In | 127.267(6) keV | 54.29(17) min | 5+ | ||||||
116m2In | 289.660(6) keV | 2.18(4) s | 8- | ||||||
117In | 49 | 68 | 116.904514(6) | 43.2(3) min | β− | 117Sn | 9/2+ | ||
117mIn | 315.302(12) keV | 116.2(3) min | β− (52.91%) | 117Sn | 1/2− | ||||
IT (47.09%) | 117In | ||||||||
118In | 49 | 69 | 117.906354(9) | 5.0(5) s | β− | 118Sn | 1+ | ||
118m1In | 100(50)# keV | 4.364(7) min | β− | 118Sn | 5+ | ||||
118m2In | 240(50)# keV | 8.5(3) s | 8- | ||||||
119In | 49 | 70 | 118.905845(8) | 2.4(1) min | β− | 119Sn | 9/2+ | ||
119m1In | 311.37(3) keV | 18.0(3) min | β− (94.4%) | 119Sn | 1/2− | ||||
IT (5.6%) | 119In | ||||||||
119m2In | 654.27(7) keV | 130(15) ns | 1/2+,3/2+ | ||||||
120In | 49 | 71 | 119.90796(4) | 3.08(8) s | β− | 120Sn | 1+ | ||
120m1In | 50(60)# keV | 46.2(8) s | 5+ | ||||||
120m2In | 300(200)# keV | 47.3(5) s | β− | 120Sn | 8(−) | ||||
121In | 49 | 72 | 120.907846(29) | 23.1(6) s | β− | 121Sn | 9/2+ | ||
121mIn | 312.98(8) keV | 3.88(10) min | β− (98.8%) | 121Sn | 1/2− | ||||
IT (1.2%) | 121In | ||||||||
122In | 49 | 73 | 121.91028(5) | 1.5(3) s | β− | 122Sn | 1+ | ||
122m1In | 40(60)# keV | 10.3(6) s | 5+ | ||||||
122m2In | 290(140) keV | 10.8(4) s | β− | 122Sn | 8- | ||||
123In | 49 | 74 | 122.910438(26) | 6.17(5) s | β− | 123mSn | (9/2)+ | ||
123mIn | 327.21(4) keV | 47.4(4) s | β− | 123mSn | (1/2)− | ||||
124In | 49 | 75 | 123.91318(5) | 3.11(10) s | β− | 124Sn | 3+ | ||
124mIn | -20(70) keV | 3.7(2) s | β− | 124Sn | (8)(−#) | ||||
IT | 124In | ||||||||
125In | 49 | 76 | 124.91360(3) | 2.36(4) s | β− | 125mSn | 9/2+ | ||
125mIn | 360.12(9) keV | 12.2(2) s | β− | 125Sn | 1/2(−) | ||||
126In | 49 | 77 | 125.91646(4) | 1.53(1) s | β− | 126Sn | 3(+#) | ||
126mIn | 100(60) keV | 1.64(5) s | β− | 126Sn | 8(−#) | ||||
127In | 49 | 78 | 126.91735(4) | 1.09(1) s | β− (99.97%) | 127mSn | 9/2(+) | ||
β−, n (.03%) | 126Sn | ||||||||
127mIn | 460(70) keV | 3.67(4) s | β− (99.31%) | 127mSn | (1/2−) | ||||
β−, n (.69%) | 126Sn | ||||||||
128In | 49 | 79 | 127.92017(5) | 0.84(6) s | β− (99.96%) | 128Sn | (3)+ | ||
β−, n (.038%) | 127Sn | ||||||||
128m1In | 247.87(10) keV | 10(7) ms | (1)− | ||||||
128m2In | 320(60) keV | 720(100) ms | β− | 128Sn | (8−) | ||||
129In | 49 | 80 | 128.92170(5) | 611(4) ms | β− (99.75%) | 129Sn | 9/2+# | ||
β−, n (.25%) | 128Sn | ||||||||
129m1In | 380(70) keV | 1.23(3) s | β− (97.2%) | 129Sn | (1/2−)# | ||||
β−, n (2.5%) | 128Sn | ||||||||
IT (.3%) | 129In | ||||||||
129m2In | 1688.0(5) keV | 8.5(5) µs | 17/2− | ||||||
130In | 49 | 81 | 129.92497(4) | 0.29(2) s | β− (98.35%) | 130Sn | 1(−) | ||
β−, n (1.65%) | 129Sn | ||||||||
130m1In | 50(50) keV | 538(5) ms | 10-# | ||||||
130m2In | 400(60) keV | 0.54(1) s | (5+) | ||||||
131In | 49 | 82 | 130.92685(3) | 0.28(3) s | β− (97.8%) | 131Sn | (9/2+) | ||
β−, n (2.19%) | 130Sn | ||||||||
131m1In | 363(37) keV | 0.35(5) s | (1/2−) | ||||||
131m2In | 4.10(7) MeV | 320(60) ms | (19/2+ to 23/2+) | ||||||
132In | 49 | 83 | 131.93299(7) | 206(4) ms | β− (94.8%) | 132Sn | (7−) | ||
β−, n (5.2%) | 131Sn | ||||||||
133In | 49 | 84 | 132.93781(32)# | 165(3) ms | β−, n (85%) | 132Sn | (9/2+) | ||
β− (15%) | 133Sn | ||||||||
133mIn | 330(40)# keV | 180# ms | IT | 133In | (1/2−) | ||||
134In | 49 | 85 | 133.94415(43)# | 140(4) ms | β− (79%) | 134Sn | |||
β−, n (17%) | 133Sn | ||||||||
β−, 2n (4%) | 132Sn | ||||||||
135In | 49 | 86 | 134.94933(54)# | 92(10) ms | β− | 135Sn | 9/2+# | ||
136In | 49 | 87 | 85 ms | β− | 136Sn | ||||
137In | 49 | 88 | 65 ms | β− | 137Sn |
- ^ Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
- ^ Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition - ^ Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)
- ^ Used in medical applications
- ^ Fission product
- ^ Primordial radionuclide
Notes
- Geologically exceptional samples are known in which the isotopic composition lies outside the reported range. The uncertainty in the atomic mass may exceed the stated value for such specimens.
- Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
- Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.
References
- ^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Indium". CIAAW. 2011.
- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
- ^ "Octreoscan review". Medscape.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|registration=
ignored (|url-access=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica.
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: Unknown parameter|registration=
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suggested) (help)
- Isotope masses from:
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- J. R. de Laeter; J. K. Böhlke; P. De Bièvre; H. Hidaka; H. S. Peiser; K. J. R. Rosman; P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
{{cite journal}}
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ignored (help)
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|nopp=
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suggested) (help)
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.