Isotopes of rhenium

Isotopes of rhenium (₇₅Re)
ε	186W
β−	186Os
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Re)
	186.207±0.001; 186.21±0.01 (abridged);
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Naturally occurring rhenium (₇₅Re) is 37.4% ¹⁸⁵Re, which is stable, and 62.6% ¹⁸⁷Re, which is unstable but has a very long half-life (41.2×10⁹ years). Among elements with a known stable isotope, only indium and tellurium similarly occur with a stable isotope in lower abundance than the long-lived radioactive isotope.

There are 33 other unstable isotopes recognized, the longest-lived of which are ¹⁸³Re with a half-life of 70 days, ¹⁸⁴Re with a half-life of 38 days, ¹⁸⁶Re with a half-life of 3.7186 days, ¹⁸²Re with a half-life of 64.0 hours, and ¹⁸⁹Re with a half-life of 24.3 hours. There are also numerous isomers, the longest-lived of which are ^186mRe with a half-life of 200,000 years and ^184mRe with a half-life of 169 days. All others have half-lives less than a day.

List of isotopes

nuclide symbol	Z(p)	N(n)	isotopic mass (u)	half-life^{[n 1]}	decay mode(s)^[4]^{[n 2]}	daughter isotope(s)^{[n 3]}	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
nuclide symbol	excitation energy			half-life^{[n 1]}	decay mode(s)^[4]^{[n 2]}	daughter isotope(s)^{[n 3]}	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
¹⁶⁰Re	75	85	159.98212(43)#	860(120) µs [0.82(+15−9) ms]	p (91%)	¹⁵⁹W	(2−)
¹⁶⁰Re	75	85	159.98212(43)#	860(120) µs [0.82(+15−9) ms]	α (9%)	¹⁵⁶Ta	(2−)
¹⁶¹Re	75	86	160.97759(22)	0.37(4) ms	p	¹⁶⁰W	1/2+
^161mRe	123.8(13) keV			15.6(9) ms	α	¹⁵⁷Ta	11/2−
¹⁶²Re	75	87	161.97600(22)#	107(13) ms	α (94%)	¹⁵⁸Ta	(2−)
¹⁶²Re	75	87	161.97600(22)#	107(13) ms	β⁺ (6%)	¹⁶²W	(2−)
^162mRe	173(10) keV			77(9) ms	α (91%)	¹⁵⁸Ta	(9+)
^162mRe	173(10) keV			77(9) ms	β⁺ (9%)	¹⁶²W	(9+)
¹⁶³Re	75	88	162.972081(21)	390(70) ms	β⁺ (68%)	¹⁶³W	(1/2+)
¹⁶³Re	75	88	162.972081(21)	390(70) ms	α (32%)	¹⁵⁹Ta	(1/2+)
^163mRe	115(4) keV			214(5) ms	α (66%)	¹⁵⁹Ta	(11/2−)
^163mRe	115(4) keV			214(5) ms	β⁺ (34%)	¹⁶³W	(11/2−)
¹⁶⁴Re	75	89	163.97032(17)#	0.53(23) s	α (58%)	¹⁶⁰Ta	high
¹⁶⁴Re	75	89	163.97032(17)#	0.53(23) s	β⁺ (42%)	¹⁶⁴W	high
^164mRe	120(120)# keV			530(230) ms			(2#)−
¹⁶⁵Re	75	90	164.967089(30)	1# s	β⁺	¹⁶⁵W	1/2+#
¹⁶⁵Re	75	90	164.967089(30)	1# s	α	¹⁶¹Ta	1/2+#
^165mRe	47(26) keV			2.1(3) s	β⁺ (87%)	¹⁶⁵W	11/2−#
^165mRe	47(26) keV			2.1(3) s	α (13%)	¹⁶¹Ta	11/2−#
¹⁶⁶Re	75	91	165.96581(9)#	2# s	β⁺	¹⁶⁶W	2−#
¹⁶⁶Re	75	91	165.96581(9)#	2# s	α	¹⁶²Ta	2−#
¹⁶⁷Re	75	92	166.96260(6)#	3.4(4) s	α	¹⁶³Ta	9/2−#
¹⁶⁷Re	75	92	166.96260(6)#	3.4(4) s	β⁺	¹⁶⁷W	9/2−#
^167mRe	130(40)# keV			5.9(3) s	β⁺ (99.3%)	¹⁶⁷W	1/2+#
^167mRe	130(40)# keV			5.9(3) s	α (.7%)	¹⁶³Ta	1/2+#
¹⁶⁸Re	75	93	167.96157(3)	4.4(1) s	β⁺ (99.99%)	¹⁶⁸W	(5+,6+,7+)
¹⁶⁸Re	75	93	167.96157(3)	4.4(1) s	α (.005%)	¹⁶⁴Ta	(5+,6+,7+)
^168mRe	non-exist			6.6(15) s
¹⁶⁹Re	75	94	168.95879(3)	8.1(5) s	β⁺ (99.99%)	¹⁶⁹W	9/2−#
¹⁶⁹Re	75	94	168.95879(3)	8.1(5) s	α (.005%)	¹⁶⁵Ta	9/2−#
^169mRe	145(29) keV			15.1(15) s	β⁺ (99.8%)	¹⁶⁹W	1/2+#
^169mRe	145(29) keV			15.1(15) s	α (.2%)	¹⁶⁴Ta	1/2+#
¹⁷⁰Re	75	95	169.958220(28)	9.2(2) s	β⁺ (99.99%)	¹⁷⁰W	(5+)
¹⁷⁰Re	75	95	169.958220(28)	9.2(2) s	α (.01%)	¹⁶⁶Ta	(5+)
¹⁷¹Re	75	96	170.95572(3)	15.2(4) s	β⁺	¹⁷¹W	(9/2−)
¹⁷²Re	75	97	171.95542(6)	15(3) s	β⁺	¹⁷²W	(5)
^172mRe	0(100)# keV			55(5) s	β⁺	¹⁷²W	(2)
¹⁷³Re	75	98	172.95324(3)	1.98(26) min	β⁺	¹⁷³W	(5/2−)
¹⁷⁴Re	75	99	173.95312(3)	2.40(4) min	β⁺	¹⁷⁴W
¹⁷⁵Re	75	100	174.95138(3)	5.89(5) min	β⁺	¹⁷⁵W	(5/2−)
¹⁷⁶Re	75	101	175.95162(3)	5.3(3) min	β⁺	¹⁷⁶W	3+
¹⁷⁷Re	75	102	176.95033(3)	14(1) min	β⁺	¹⁷⁷W	5/2−
^177mRe	84.71(10) keV			50(10) µs			5/2+
¹⁷⁸Re	75	103	177.95099(3)	13.2(2) min	β⁺	¹⁷⁸W	(3+)
¹⁷⁹Re	75	104	178.949988(26)	19.5(1) min	β⁺	¹⁷⁹W	(5/2)+
^179m1Re	65.39(9) keV			95(25) µs			(5/2−)
^179m2Re	1684.59(14)+Y keV			>0.4 µs			(23/2+)
¹⁸⁰Re	75	105	179.950789(23)	2.44(6) min	β⁺	¹⁸⁰W	(1)−
¹⁸¹Re	75	106	180.950068(14)	19.9(7) h	β⁺	¹⁸¹W	5/2+
¹⁸²Re	75	107	181.95121(11)	64.0(5) h	β⁺	¹⁸²W	7+
^182m1Re	60(100) keV			12.7(2) h	β⁺	¹⁸²W	2+
^182m2Re	235.736(10)+X keV			585(21) ns			2−
^182m3Re	461.3(1)+X keV			0.78(9) µs			(4−)
¹⁸³Re	75	108	182.950820(9)	70.0(14) d	EC	¹⁸³W	5/2+
^183mRe	1907.6(3) keV			1.04(4) ms	IT	¹⁸³Re	(25/2+)
¹⁸⁴Re	75	109	183.952521(5)	38.0(5) d	β⁺	¹⁸⁴W	3(−)
^184mRe	188.01(4) keV			169(8) d	IT (75.4%)	¹⁸⁴Re	8(+)
^184mRe	188.01(4) keV			169(8) d	β⁺ (24.6%)	¹⁸⁴W	8(+)
¹⁸⁵Re	75	110	184.9529550(13)	Observationally Stable^{[n 4]}			5/2+	0.3740(2)
^185mRe	2124(2) keV			123(23) ns			(21/2)
¹⁸⁶Re	75	111	185.9549861(13)	3.7186(5) d	β⁻ (93.1%)	¹⁸⁶Os	1−
¹⁸⁶Re	75	111	185.9549861(13)	3.7186(5) d	EC (6.9%)	¹⁸⁶W	1−
^186mRe	149(7) keV			2.0(5)×10⁵ y	IT (90%)	¹⁸⁶Re	(8+)
^186mRe	149(7) keV			2.0(5)×10⁵ y	β⁻ (10%)	¹⁸⁶Os	(8+)
¹⁸⁷Re^{[n 5]}^{[n 6]}	75	112	186.9557531(15)	41.2(2)×10⁹ y^{[n 7]}	β⁻ (99.99%)	¹⁸⁷Os	5/2+	0.6260(2)
¹⁸⁷Re^{[n 5]}^{[n 6]}	75	112	186.9557531(15)	41.2(2)×10⁹ y^{[n 7]}	α (10⁻⁴%)	¹⁸³Ta	5/2+	0.6260(2)
¹⁸⁸Re	75	113	187.9581144(15)	17.0040(22) h	β⁻	¹⁸⁸Os	1−
^188mRe	172.069(9) keV			18.59(4) min	IT	¹⁸⁸Re	(6)−
¹⁸⁹Re	75	114	188.959229(9)	24.3(4) h	β⁻	¹⁸⁹Os	5/2+
¹⁹⁰Re	75	115	189.96182(16)	3.1(3) min	β⁻	¹⁹⁰Os	(2)−
^190mRe	210(50) keV			3.2(2) h	β⁻ (54.4%)	¹⁹⁰Os	(6−)
^190mRe	210(50) keV			3.2(2) h	IT (45.6%)	¹⁹⁰Re	(6−)
¹⁹¹Re	75	116	190.963125(11)	9.8(5) min	β⁻	¹⁹¹Os	(3/2+,1/2+)
¹⁹²Re	75	117	191.96596(21)#	16(1) s	β⁻	¹⁹²Os
¹⁹³Re	75	118	192.96747(21)#	30# s [>300 ns]			5/2+#
¹⁹⁴Re	75	119	193.97042(32)#	2# s [>300 ns]

^ Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
^ Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
^ Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)
^ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁸¹Ta
^ primordial radionuclide
^ Used in rhenium-osmium dating
^ Can undergo Bound-state β⁻ decay with a half-life of 33 years when fully ionized

Notes

Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.

References

^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Rhenium". CIAAW. 1973.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^ "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |registration= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)

Isotope masses from:
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- J. R. de Laeter; J. K. Böhlke; P. De Bièvre; H. Hidaka; H. S. Peiser; K. J. R. Rosman; P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |laysummary= ignored (help)
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
- N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |nopp= ignored (|no-pp= suggested) (help)

[4] Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)

[6] Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition

[7] Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)

[8] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁸¹Ta

[9] rimordial radionuclide

[10] Used in rhenium-osmium dating

[11] Can undergo Bound-state β⁻ decay with a half-life of 33 years when fully ionized

[NUBASE2020-1] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[2] "Standard Atomic Weights: Rhenium". CIAAW. 1973.

[CIAAW2021-3] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[5] "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |registration= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)

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