Kazakhstan–Netherlands relations
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Kazakhstan–Netherlands relations refer to the bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and the Netherlands. The Netherlands has an embassy in Astana.[1] Kazakhstan has an embassy in The Hague.[2]
History
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Economic relations
There is significant trade between the two countries in agriculture, oil, chemicals and machinery sectors.[3]
The Netherlands is the largest source of foreign direct investment into Kazakhstan.[4] $90.4 billion of foreign direct investment was directed from the Netherlands to Kazakhstan from 1991 till 2019.[5] Dutch companies invested $7.3 billion into the economy of Kazakhstan in 2019 accounting for 30.2% of total FDI that year and remaining the biggest investors in the Central Asian country.[6]
A bilateral investment treaty signed in 2002 establishes a framework for fair and equitable treatment of respective investments and capital so to encourage foreign direct investment and trade.[7]
State visits
In 2015, Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte met with Nursultan Nazarbayev in Astana, Kazakhstan and affirmed the Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and Kazakhstan.[8]
See also
References
- ^ "Netherlands embassy in Astana".
- ^ "Kazakhstan embassy in The Hague".
- ^ "Relations the Netherlands - Kazakhstan". Netherlands government Rijksoverheid.
- ^ "Kazakhstan - Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment Statistics". Export.gov.
- ^ "Kazakhstan attracts $330 billion FDI since 1991". astanatimes.com.
- ^ "Kazakhstan attracts $24.1 billion of FDI in 2019, $350 billion since independence". The Times of Central Asia.
- ^ "Agreement on encouragement and reciprocal protection of investments between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kingdom of the Netherlands". investmentpolicy.unctad.org. unctad.
- ^ "Dutch PM Rutte lauds new EU-Kazakhstan partnership agreement". EFE.
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