LGBTQ rights in Morocco
LGBTQ rights in Morocco  | |
|---|---|
.svg) Morocco and claimed territories | |
| Status | Illegal[1] |
| Penalty | 6 months to 3 years imprisonment, fine[1] |
| Gender identity | – |
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in Morocco face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female same-sex sexual activity is illegal in Morocco. Morocco's statute and culture towards LGBT issues stands in stark contrast to that of neighbouring Spain. Under the current role of an Islamic government LGBT rights in Morocco got even more restricted[citation needed].
Law regarding same-sex sexual activity
Article 489 of the Penal Code of Morocco criminalizes “lewd or unnatural acts with an individual of the same sex.”.[2] Same-sex sexual activity is illegal in Morocco and can be punished with anything from 6 months to 3 years imprisonment and a fine of 120 to 1200 dirhams.[3][4] However, the law is sporadically enforced by the authorities,[4] with a degree of tolerance extended to homosexuality in the holiday resorts like Marrakesh.[4] Often these relationships are a form of prostitution, involving tourists. The legal status of LGBT people living in Morocco stems largely from traditional Islamic morality, which views homosexuality and cross dressing as signs of immorality.[5]
In 2016, two girls were arrested in Marrakesh after one's cousin took a photo of them kissing. This sparked international outcry and the use of the hashtag #freethegirls, their case was postponed until December 2016.[6] In early December 2016, the two girls were acquitted. [7]
Government policy
None of the major or minor political parties have made public statements in favor of LGBT-rights and no LGBT rights legislation has been enacted. Government attitudes towards homosexuality tend to be in the interests of the protection of the tradition of the country, in keeping with the culture's traditional gender roles and religious mores. It has banned books on homosexuality and required schools to teach a curriculum that "emphasises...the danger and depravity of "unnatural acts."[citation needed] Moreover, on 21 March 2008, a statement issued by the Ministry of Interior revealed the full and wide scope of the government's agenda: to "preserve citizens' ethics and defend our society against all irresponsible actions that mar our identity and culture".[8]
In terms of foreign policy, the government opposed the participation of an International Gay and Lesbian Rights Representative at the 2001 United Nations Conference on AIDS-HIV. They also opposed a United Nations resolution that would have formally condemned discriminatory anti-gay laws.[4]
Recognition of same-sex relationships
There is no legal recognition of same-sex couples.
Discrimination protections
Discrimination or harassment on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity is not addressed in any civil rights laws. Most Moroccan citizens were raised to believe that homosexuality and gender identity are signs of western decadence or immorality and the government does not consider it in the best interests of the people of Morocco to formally address the issue of LGBT-rights in Morocco.[4]
Gender expression
Traditional cultural and religious mores tend to associate cross-dressing with homosexuality. Culturally, certain forms of cross-dressing have been tolerated in areas where women were not a part. The initial lack of female actors meant that the roles often went to men, who were generally assumed to be homosexual, but were shown a modicum of tolerance.
In the 1950s, the publicity surrounding Coccinelle helped to establish Casablanca as being a place where certain doctors were willing to perform sex change operations, albeit in clandestine circumstances.[9]
Today, it is unclear whether this reputation still exists or what the current government policy is for transgender people. A Morocco transwoman named Randa did reportedly publish a book, although little is known about its contents or commercial success.[10]
Living conditions
Morocco has a male dominated culture, a patriarchial society with traditional gender roles that prefers a male, and a female, to get married and have children.[9] The government continues enforcing in a laid back fashion, the laws on homosexuality with several public arrests.
A court in Ksar-el-Kebir, a small city about 120 kilometers south of Tangiers, convicted six men on 10 December 2007 of violating article 489 of Morocco’s penal code. However, according to the defendants' lawyers, the prosecution failed to present any evidence that the men actually had engaged in the prohibited conduct.[11]
The men were sentenced to varying terms on 17 December 2007, after a video circulated online—including on YouTube—purporting to show a private party, allegedly including the men, taking place in Ksar el-Kbir on 18 November. Press reports claimed the party was a “gay marriage.” Following the arrests, dozens of men and women marched through the streets of Ksar el-Kbir, denouncing the men’s alleged actions and calling for their punishment.[2]
In 2010, the government permitted openly gay singer Elton John to give a performance during the Mawazine Festival, despite objections from the Justice and Development Party, which was, at the time, the biggest opposition party in parliament.[12] The festival was condoned by King Mohammed VI and was a part of the king's plans to create a more open and modern nation.[12]
Abdellah Taïa and Rachid O., both successful writers, have written openly about gender roles and sexual identity in Morocco, but they do not reside in Morocco. Beyond these writers, the government has, tolerated the existence of one magazine for the gay community as well as one gay rights organization.
The LGBT publication Mithly has been allowed to be discreetly distributed to adults in Morocco, although the government still will not grant the publication a distribution license and the magazine itself has to be made in neighboring Spain.[10] In a similar sense, the government will not officially recognize the LGBT rights organization, Kif-Kif, but has allowed it to exist and co-sponsor some educational seminars.[10]
Advocacy for LGBT rights
Kif-Kif is the only organization to advocate on behalf of the LGBT community in Morocco and publishes the Mithly magazine in Spain. Established in 2004, it has not been given legal recognition by the Department of the Interior, but it has been unofficially permitted to organize certain educational seminars.[10][13] Hajar Moutaouakil a young Moroccan lesbian posted a video on YouTube on human rights day calling for love and tolerance , the video caused controversy , she became the most famous lesbian in Morocco. She later posted online her biography which was a big hit .
Summary table
| Same-sex sexual activity legal |  (Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment.)
|
| Equal age of consent |
|
| Anti-discrimination laws in employment only |
|
| Anti-discrimination laws in the provision of goods and services |
|
| Anti-discrimination laws in all other areas (Incl. indirect discrimination, hate speech) |
|
| Same-sex marriages |
|
| Recognition of same-sex couples |
|
| Step-child adoption by same-sex couples |
|
| Joint adoption by same-sex couples |
|
| Gays and lesbians allowed to serve openly in the military | 
|
| Right to change legal gender |
|
| Access to IVF for lesbians |
|
| Commercial surrogacy for gay male couples |
|
| MSMs allowed to donate blood |
|
See also
- Human rights in Morocco
- Human rights in Western Sahara — Morocco controls 80 percent of this disputed territory
- LGBT rights in Africa
- Rachid O.
- Abdellah Taïa
References
- ^ a b Ottosson, Daniel (May 2008). "State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws prohibiting same sex activity between consenting adults" (PDF). International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA). p. Page 25. Retrieved 5 May 2009.
- ^ a b http://www.gaywired.com/article.cfm?section=123&id=17549
- ^ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Refworld | Morocco: The treatment of homosexuals, including protection offered by the state and the attitude of the population". UNHCR. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
- ^ a b c d e [1] Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [2] Archived 29 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/11/04/teenage-girls-in-morocco-could-face-up-to-3-years-in-prison-for-kissing/
- ^ France-Presse, Agence (9 December 2016). "Morocco judge acquits girls accused of homosexuality". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- ^ "Moroccan authorities clamp down on homosexuality". Magharebia.com. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
- ^ a b "The International Encyclopedia of Sexuality: Morocco". .hu-berlin.de. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
- ^ a b c d Reuters in Rabat and David Smith in Johannesburg (20 May 2010). "Gay magazine launched in Morocco | World news". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
{{cite news}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ "Morocco: Overturn Verdicts for Homosexual Conduct". Human Rights Watch. 11 December 2007. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
- ^ a b "365gay.com". 365gay.com. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
- ^ "Gay seminar stirs outrage in Morocco". Alarabiya.net. 19 March 2009. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
Bibliography
- Puterbaugh, Geoff. Africa, North. Encyclopedia of Homosexuality. Dynes, Wayne R. (ed.), Garland Publishing, 1990. pp. 19–22.
- Template:It icon Patanè, Vincenzo. Arabi e noi. DeriveApprodi, 2002.