Later Yan
Later Yan (後燕) 燕 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 384–409 | |||||||||||||
| Capital | Zhongshan (386-397) Longcheng (397-409) | ||||||||||||
| Emperor | |||||||||||||
• 384-396 | Murong Chui | ||||||||||||
• 396-398 | Murong Bao | ||||||||||||
• 398 | Lan Han | ||||||||||||
• 398-401 | Murong Sheng | ||||||||||||
• 401-407 | Murong Xi | ||||||||||||
• 407-409 | Murong Yun | ||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||
• Established | 384 | ||||||||||||
• Establishment of Zhongshan as capital | 8 February 386[1][2] | ||||||||||||
• Murong Chui's claim of imperial title | 15 February 386[2][3] | ||||||||||||
• Evacuation of Zhongshan | 27 April 397[4][5] | ||||||||||||
• Murong Xi's death | 16 September 407[6][7] | ||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 6 November 409[8][9] 409 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
The Later Yan (simplified Chinese: 后燕; traditional Chinese: 後燕; pinyin: Hòuyàn; 384-407 or 409) was a Murong–Xianbei state, located in modern-day northeast China, during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China.[10]
All rulers of the Later Yan declared themselves "emperors".
Rulers of the Later Yan
| Temple names | Posthumous names | Family names and given name | Durations of reigns | Era names and their according durations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shizu (世祖 Shìzǔ) | Wucheng (武成 Wǔchéng) | 慕容垂 Mùróng Chuí | 384-396 | Yanwang (燕王 Yànwáng) 384-386 Jianxing (建興 Jiànxīng) 386-396 |
| Liezong (烈宗 Lièzōng) | Huimin (惠愍 Huìmǐn) | 慕容寶 Mùróng Bǎo | 396-398 | Yongkang (永康 Yǒngkāng) 396-398 |
| Unknown | Unknown | 蘭汗/兰汗 Lán Hàn | 398 | Qinglong (青龍/青龙 Qīnglóng) 398 |
| Zhongzong (中宗 Zhōngzōng) | Zhaowu (昭武 Zhāowǔ) | 慕容盛 Mùróng Shèng | 398-401 | Jianping (建平 Jiànpíng) 398 Changle (長樂 Chánglè) 399-401 |
| Unknown | Zhaowen (昭文 Zhaowén) | 慕容熙 Mùróng Xī | 401-407 | Guangshi (光始 Guāngshǐ) 401-406 Jianshi (建始 Jiànshǐ) 407 |
| Unknown | Huiyi (惠懿 Huìyì) | 慕容雲/慕容云 Mùróng Yún1 or 高雲/高云 Gāo Yún1 |
407-409 | Zhengshi (正始 Zhèngshǐ) 407-409 |
| 1 The family name of Gao Yun was changed to Murong when he was adopted by the royal family. If Gao Yun was counted as a ruler of the Later Yan, the state would end in 409. It ended in 407 otherwise. | ||||
See also
Notes and references
- ^ http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AAF%AE%CA&king=%A7%B5%AAZ%AB%D2&reign=%A4%D3%A4%B8&yy=10&ycanzi=&mm=12&dd=&dcanzi=%A4%FE%A5%D3
- ^ a b Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 106.
- ^ http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AAF%AE%CA&king=%A7%B5%AAZ%AB%D2&reign=%A4%D3%A4%B8&yy=11&ycanzi=&mm=1&dd=1&dcanzi=
- ^ http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AAF%AE%CA&king=%A6w%AB%D2&reign=%B6%A9%A6w&yy=1&ycanzi=&mm=3&dd=&dcanzi=%A4%D0%A4l
- ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 109.
- ^ http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AAF%AE%CA&king=%A6w%AB%D2&reign=%B8q%BA%B3&yy=3&ycanzi=&mm=7&dd=&dcanzi=%A4%FE%B1G
- ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 114.
- ^ http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AAF%AE%CA&king=%A6w%AB%D2&reign=%B8q%BA%B3&yy=5&ycanzi=&mm=10&dd=&dcanzi=%A5%B3%A8%B0
- ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 115.
- ^ Grousset, Rene (1970). The Empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press. p. 59. ISBN 0-8135-1304-9.