List of political entities in the 12th century BC
The development of states—large-scale, populous, politically centralized, and socially stratified polities/societies governed by powerful rulers—marks one of the major milestones in the evolution of human societies. Archaeologists often distinguish between primary (or pristine) states and secondary states. Primary states evolved independently through largely internal developmental processes rather than through the influence of any other pre-existing state. The earliest known primary states appeared in Mesopatamia ca. 3700 B.C., in Egypt ca. 3300 B.C., in the Indus Valley ca. 2500 B.C., India ca 1700 B. C.,and in China ca. 1600 B.C. As they interacted with their less developed neighbors through trade, warfare, migration, and more generalized ideological influences, the primary states directly or indirectly fostered the emergence of secondary states in surrounding areas, for example, the Hittites in Anatolia, the Minoan and Mycenaean states of the Aegean, or the Nubian kingdoms in the Sudan. Professor Gil Stein at the University of Chicago Oriental Institute states The excavations and archaeological surveys of the last few decades have vastly increased both the quantity and quality of what we know about ancient states and urbanism. Archaeologists have broadened the scope of their research beyond the traditional focus on rulers and urban elites. Current research now aims at understanding the role of urban commoners, craft specialists, and village-based farmers in the overall organization of ancient states and societies. Given the immense geographical scope encompassed by the term “the Ancient World,[1]
. This is a list of cultures, civilizations and sovereign states that existed between 1200 BC to 1101 BC.
Sovereign states
| Sovereign state | Years |
|---|---|
| Alba Longa | 1200-753 BC |
| Anga | 1380-550 BC |
| Aram Damascus | 12th century BC - 734 BC |
| Aramea | 2300 – 700 BC |
| Argolis | 1200-379 BC |
| Asmaka | 1150-300 BC |
| Assyria – | 2025 - 911 BC |
| Athens | 1556-355 BC |
| Ba | 13th century - 311 BC |
| Babylonia | 1155 - 689 BC |
| Bashan | 1330 - 928 BC |
| Bithynia | |
| Bit-Istar | 12th century - 710 BC |
| Chedi | 1250-344 BC |
| Chola | |
| Chorasmia | 1290-180 BC |
| Chorrera | 1800 - 300 BC |
| Colchis | 1300 BC - 2nd century AD |
| Danda | 1100 - 450 BC |
| Dasarna | 1150 - 600 BC |
| Deng | 1200-678 BC |
| Diauehi | 1118-760 BC |
| Dilmun | 2600-675 BC1200 - 125 BC |
| Donghu | 1400-150 BC |
| Eastern Guo | 1046-767 BC |
| Edom | 1200 - 125 BC |
| Egypt | 3050 - 322 BC |
| Elam | 2800 - 550 BC |
| Epirus | 1183 - 168 BC |
| Eshnuna | 2000 - 8th century BC |
| Etruria | 1200 - 550 BC |
| Gandhara | 1450-510 BC |
| Gojoseon | 2333 - 108 BC |
| Illyria | 2000-168 BC |
| Jiroft | |
| Kalinga | 1376 - 285 BC |
| Kamboja | 1450 - 195 BC |
| Kasi | |
| Kasmira | 1250 - 322 BC |
| Kekeya | 1250 - c. 4th century BC |
| Kikata | |
| Kirata | 1350 - c. 300 BC |
| Kosala | 1300 - 266 BC |
| Kuru | 1376 - 285 BC |
| Liburnia | 11th century - 34 BC |
| Locria | 1250-386 BC |
| Lullubi | 2400-650 BC |
| Lycia | 1250 - 546 BC |
| Lydia | 1200 - 546 BC |
| Madra | 1350 - 350 BC |
| Magadha | 1200-600 BC |
| Mannaea | 1110-616 BC |
| Magan | 2200-550 BC |
| Matsya | 1250 -318 BC |
| Messenia | 1300-724 BC |
| Minaea | |
| Moab | |
| Mysia | 1320 - 301 BC |
| Nairi | 1190-890 BC |
| Namar | 2350-750 BC |
| Olmec | 1400 - 400 BC |
| Pandya | 1350 - 460 BC |
| Paphlagonia | 1480 - 183 BC[2] |
| Philistia | 1175-732 BC |
| Phoenicia | 1200-536 BC |
| Phrygia | 1200 - 700 BC |
| Pundra | 1300 BC - 550 AD |
| Qiang | 2000 BC- 150 BC |
| Quan | 1250-704 BC |
| Saba | 1100-275 BC |
| Sam'al | 1200-680 BC |
| Sindhu | 1300 - 320 BC |
| Song | 1058-286 BC |
| Thebes | |
| Vajji | |
| Vanga | 1300 BC - 580 AD |
| Văn Lang | 2879 - 258 BC |
| Vidarbha | 1200-322 BC |
| Virata | 1200-322 BC |
| Xu | 2000-512 BC |
| Yaksha | 1200 - 350 BC |
See also
- List of Bronze Age states
- List of Classical Age states
- List of Iron Age states
- List of states during Antiquity
References
- ^ Stein, Gil J (2001). Understanding Ancient State Societies in the Old World. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press. pp. 353–379.
- ^ "Middle East Kingdoms Ancient Anatolia". 2014. The History Files. Retrieved 20 April 2014.