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List of mustelids

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Six extant mustelid genera left-to-right, top-to-bottom: Martes, Meles, Lutra, Gulo, Mustela, and Mellivora

Mustelidae is a family of mammals in the order Carnivora, which includes weasels, badgers, otters, ferrets, martens, minks, and wolverines, and many other extant and extinct genera. A member of this family is called a mustelid; Mustelidae is the largest family in Carnivora, and its extant species are divided into eight subfamilies. They are found on all continents except Antarctica and Australia, and are a diverse family; sizes range, including tails, from the widespread 17 cm (7 in) least weasel to the 1.8-meter (6 ft) giant otter of Amazonian South America. Habitats vary widely as well, from the arboreal marten to the fossorial European badger to the marine sea otter. Population sizes are largely unknown, though two species, the sea mink and Japanese otter, were hunted to extinction in 1894 and 1979, respectively, and several other species are endangered. Some species have been domesticated, e.g. the ferret and some populations of the South American tayra. Mustelidae is one of the oldest families in Carnivora; early mustelids first appeared around 28–33 million years ago.[1]

The 23 genera and 62 extant species of Mustelidae are split into 8 subfamilies: Guloninae, martens and wolverines; Helictidinae, ferret-badgers; Ictonychinae, African polecats and grisons; Lutrinae, otters; Melinae, Eurasian badgers; Mellivorinae, the honey badger; Mustelinae, weasels and minks; and Taxidiinae, the American badger. In addition to the extant subfamilies, Mustelidae includes three extinct subfamilies designated as Leptarctinae, Mustelavinae, and Oligobuninae. Extinct species have also been placed into all of the extant subfamilies besides Helictidinae, in both extant and extinct genera; around 200 extinct Mustelidae species have been found, as well as fossil genera not given a species name, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.

Conventions

[edit]
IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (2 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (1 species)
 EN Endangered (7 species)
 VU Vulnerable (6 species)
 NT Near threatened (7 species)
 LC Least concern (39 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (1 species)
 NE Not evaluated (1 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the mustelid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "†". Population figures are rounded to the nearest hundred.

Classification

[edit]

The family Mustelidae consists of 62 extant species belonging to 23 genera and divided into hundreds of extant subspecies, as well the extinct sea mink and Japanese otter, which are the only mustelid species to become extinct since prehistoric times. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species. Modern molecular studies indicate that the 23 genera can be grouped into 8 subfamilies. Some prior classification schemes divided the family solely between the aquatic otters and all other species.

Subfamily Guloninae (Martens and wolverines)

Subfamily Helictidinae (Ferret-badgers)

Subfamily Ictonychinae (African polecats and grisons)

Subfamily Lutrinae (Otters)

Subfamily Melinae (Eurasian badgers)

Subfamily Mellivorinae (Honey badger)

Subfamily Mustelinae (Weasels and minks)

Subfamily Taxidiinae (American badger)

Mustelids

[edit]

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis; this includes reclassifying Guloninae, Helictidinae, Ictonychinae, Melinae, Mellivorinae, and Taxidiinae as subfamilies rather than as part of a paraphyletic group with Mustelinae

Subfamily Guloninae

[edit]
Main article: Guloninae
Genus Eira – Hamilton Smith, 1842 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Tayra

Black mustelid with gray head

E. barbara
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Seven subspecies
  • E. b. barbara
  • E. b. inserta
  • E. b. madeirensis
  • E. b. peruana
  • E. b. poliocephala
  • E. b. senex
  • E. b. sinuensis
Central America, Trinidad in the Caribbean, and northern South America
Map of range 		Size: 60–70 cm (24–28 in) long, plus 35–45 cm (14–18 in) tail[2]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[3]

Diet: Primarily eats fruit, carrion, small vertebrates, insects, and honey[3] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[3]

Genus Gulo – Pallas, 1780 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Wolverine

Brown and black mustelid

G. gulo
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Two subspecies
  • G. g. luscus (American wolverine)
  • G. g. gulo (Eurasian wolverine)
Arctic North America, Europe, and Asia
Map of range 		Size: 70–105 cm (28–41 in) long, plus 18–26 cm (7–10 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Rocky areas, shrubland, forest, and grassland[5]

Diet: Primarily eats carrion and small to large mammals[5] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[5]

Genus Martes – Pinel, 1792 – seven species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
American marten

{{{image-alt}}}

M. americana
(Turton, 1806)

Fourteen subspecies
  • M. a. abieticola
  • M. a. abietinoides
  • M. a. actuosa
  • M. a. americana
  • M. a. atrata (Newfoundland pine marten)
  • M. a. brumalis
  • M. a. caurina
  • M. a. humboldtensis (Humboldt marten)
  • M. a. kenaiensis
  • M. a. nesophila
  • M. a. origenes
  • M. a. sierrae
  • M. a. vancouverensis
  • M. a. vulpina
Northern North America (includes range of Pacific marten)
Map of range 		Size: 46–66 cm (18–26 in) long, plus 13–16 cm (5–6 in) tail[6]

Habitat: Forest[7]

Diet: Primarily eats rodents and small mammals, as well as birds, insects, fruit, and carrion[7] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[7]

Beech marten

Brown and white mustelid indoors

M. foina
(Erxleben, 1777)

Eleven subspecies
  • M. f. bosniaca (Balkan beech marten)
  • M. f. bunites (Cretan beech marten)
  • M. f. foina (European beech marten)
  • M. f. intermedia (Middle Asian beech marten)
  • M. f. kozlovi (Tibetan beech marten)
  • M. f. mediterranea (Iberian beech marten)
  • M. f. milleri (Rhodes beech marten)
  • M. f. nehringi (Caucasian beech marten)
  • M. f. rosanowi (Crimean beech marten)
  • M. f. syriaca (Syrian beech marten)
  • M. f. toufoeus (Lhasa beech marten)
Europe and central Asia
Map of range 		Size: 40–50 cm (16–20 in) long, plus 22–30 cm (9–12 in) tail[8]

Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and shrubland[9]

Diet: Primarily eats rodents and small mammals, as well as birds, insects, fruit, and carrion[9] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[9]

European pine marten

Brown and black mustelid

M. martes
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Seven subspecies
  • M. m. borealis
  • M. m. latinorum
  • M. m. lorenzi
  • M. m. minoricensis
  • M. m. notialis
  • M. m. ruthena
  • M. m. uralensis
Europe and west Asia
Map of range 		Size: 48–58 cm (19–23 in) long, plus 16–28 cm (6–11 in) tail[10]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[11]

Diet: Primarily eats small mammals, birds, and amphibians, as well as carrion[11] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[11]

Japanese marten

Brown mustelid with a white head on a table

M. melampus
(Wagner, 1841)

Two subspecies
  • M. m. melampus
  • M. m. tsuensis
Japan (M. m. melampus in green, M. m. tsuensis in red (Tsushima Island))
Map of range 		Size: 47–55 cm (19–22 in) long, plus 17–22 cm (7–9 in) tail[12]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[13]

Diet: Primarily eats fruit, small mammals, and insects[13] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[13]

Nilgiri marten

Black and yellow mustelid on the ground

M. gwatkinsii
Horsfield, 1851 		Parts of southern India
Map of range 		Size: 55–65 cm (22–26 in) long, plus 40–45 cm (16–18 in) tail[14]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[15]

Diet: Primarily eats birds, small mammals, and insects[15] 		 VU 


1,000 Population steady[15]

Sable

Brown mustelid in a tree

M. zibellina
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Sixteen subspecies
  • M. z. angarensis
  • M. z. arsenjevi
  • M. z. averini
  • M. z. brachyura
  • M. z. ilimpiensis
  • M. z. jakutensis
  • M. z. kamtschadalica
  • M. z. obscura
  • M. z. princeps
  • M. z. sahalinensis
  • M. z. sajanensis
  • M. z. schantaricus
  • M. z. tomensis
  • M. z. tungussensis
  • M. z. yeniseensis
  • M. z. zibellina
Large parts of Russia
Map of range 		Size: 38–56 cm (15–22 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail[16]

Habitat: Forest[17]

Diet: Primarily eats small mammals, birds, nuts, and berries[17] 		 LC 


2 million Population increasing[17]

Yellow-throated marten

Yellow and black mustelid on the ground

M. flavigula
(Boddaert, 1785)

Nine subspecies
  • M. f. borealis
  • M. f. chrysospila
  • M. f. flavigula
  • M. f. hainana
  • M. f. henrici
  • M. f. indochinensis
  • M. f. peninsularis
  • M. f. robinsoni
  • M. f. saba
Eastern and southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 50–72 cm (20–28 in) long, plus 33–48 cm (13–19 in) tail[18]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[19]

Diet: Primarily eats birds, small mammals, and insects[19] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[19]

Genus Pekania – Gray, 1865 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Fisher

Black and brown mustelid on the ground

P. pennanti
(Erxleben, 1777) 		Northern North America
Map of range 		Size: 75–120 cm (30–47 in) long, plus 31–41 cm (12–16 in) tail[20]

Habitat: Forest[21]

Diet: Primarily eats small to medium mammals, birds, and carrion[21] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[21]

Subfamily Helictidinae

[edit]
Main article: Helictidinae
Genus Melogale – I. Saint-Hilaire, 1831 – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Bornean ferret-badger


M. everetti
(Thomas, 1895) 		Small parts of Borneo
Map of range 		Size: 33–44 cm (13–17 in) long, plus 15–23 cm (6–9 in) tail[22]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[23]

Diet: Primarily eats invertebrates, amphibians, insects, fruit, and carrion[22][23] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[23]

Burmese ferret-badger

Mounted brown mustelid with green background

M. personata
I. Saint-Hilaire, 1831

Five subspecies
  • M. p. laotum
  • M. p. nipalensis
  • M. p. personata
  • M. p. pierrei
  • M. p. tonquinia
Southeast Asia
Map of range 		Size: 33–44 cm (13–17 in) long, plus 15–23 cm (6–9 in) tail[24]

Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, and forest[25]

Diet: Primarily eats insects and snails, as well as small mammals, frogs, lizards, carrion, birds, eggs, and fruit[24][25] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[25]

Chinese ferret-badger

Painting of brown mustelid in a tree

M. moschata
(Gray, 1831)

Seven subspecies
  • M. m. ferreogrisea
  • M. m. hainanensis
  • M. m. millsi
  • M. m. moschata
  • M. m. sorella
  • M. m. subaurantiaca
  • M. m. taxilla
East Asia
Map of range 		Size: 30–43 cm (12–17 in) long, plus 15–21 cm (6–8 in) tail[26]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[27]

Diet: Primarily eats insects, frogs, and carrion[27] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[27]

Javan ferret-badger

Drawing of black and white mustelid

M. orientalis
(Blanford, 1888)

Two subspecies
  • M. o. orientalis
  • M. o. sundaicus
Parts of Java and Indonesia
Map of range 		Size: 35–40 cm (14–16 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[28]

Habitat: Shrubland and forest[29]

Diet: Primarily eats invertebrates and insects[28][29] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[29]

Vietnam ferret-badger


M. cucphuongensis
T. Nadler, 2011 		Vietnam Size: Unknown

Habitat: Forest[30]

Diet: Unknown[30] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[30]

Subfamily Ictonychinae

[edit]
Main article: Ictonychinae
Genus Galictis – Bell, 1826 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Greater grison

Black mustelid under rock

G. vittata
(Schreber, 1776)

Four subspecies
  • G. v. andina
  • G. v. brasiliensis
  • G. v. canaster
  • G. v. vittata
Northern South America and Central America
Map of range 		Size: 60–76 cm (24–30 in) long, including tail[31]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[32]

Diet: Primarily eats small mammals, birds, lizards, amphibians, eggs, and fruit[32] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[32]

Lesser grison

Brown and black mustelid on rocks

G. cuja
(Molina, 1782)

Four subspecies
  • G. c. cuja
  • G. c. furax
  • G. c. huronax
  • G. c. luteola
Southern South America
Map of range 		Size: 28–51 cm (11–20 in) long, plus 12–20 cm (5–8 in) tail[33]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, forest, grassland, and savanna[34]

Diet: Primarily eats small lagomorphs and rodents, as well as birds, frogs, lizards, snakes, and eggs[34] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[34]

Genus Ictonyx – Kaup, 1835 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Striped polecat

Brown and white stuffed mustelid with green background

I. striatus
(Molina, 1782)

Nineteen subspecies
  • I. s. albescens
  • I. s. arenarius
  • I. s. elgonis
  • I. s. erythreae
  • I. s. ghansiensis
  • I. s. giganteus
  • I. s. intermedius
  • I. s. kalaharicus
  • I. s. lancasteri
  • I. s. limpopoensis
  • I. s. maximus
  • I. s. obscuratus
  • I. s. orangiae
  • I. s. ovamboensis
  • I. s. pretoriae
  • I. s. senegalensis
  • I. s. shoae
  • I. s. shortridgei
  • I. s. striatus
Central, Southern, and sub-Saharan Africa
Map of range 		Size: 28–30 cm (11–12 in) long, plus 20–30 cm (8–12 in) tail[35]

Habitat: Grassland, savanna, desert, and shrubland[36]

Diet: Primarily eats insects[36] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[36]

Saharan striped polecat

Drawing of black and white mustelid on grass

I. libycus
(Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833)

Four subspecies
  • I. l. libyca
  • I. l. multivittata
  • I. l. oralis
  • I. l. rothschildi
Northern, western, and southern edges of the Sahara
Map of range 		Size: 40–47 cm (16–19 in) long, plus 16–19 cm (6–7 in) tail[37]

Habitat: Shrubland and desert[38]

Diet: Primarily eats rodents, small mammals, birds, fish, and insects[37][38] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[38]

Genus Lyncodon – Gervais, 1845 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Patagonian weasel

Brown and white stuffed mustelid on a rock

L. patagonicus
(Blainville, 1842)

Two subspecies
  • L. p. patagonicus
  • L. p. thomasi
Argentina
Map of range 		Size: 30–35 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail[39]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and forest[40]

Diet: Primarily eats rodents and birds[40] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[40]

Genus Poecilogale – Thomas, 1883 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
African striped weasel

Black and white mustelid on a log

P. albinucha
(Gray, 1864)

Five subspecies
  • P. a. albinucha
  • P. a. bechuanae
  • P. a. doggetti
  • P. a. lebombo
  • P. a. transvaalensis
Southern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 25–36 cm (10–14 in) long, plus 13–23 cm (5–9 in) tail[41]

Habitat: Shrubland, forest, savanna, and grassland[42]

Diet: Primarily eats small mammals, rodents, and birds, as well as snakes and insects[41][42] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[42]

Genus Vormela – Blasius, 1884 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Marbled polecat

Black and white mustelid with a yellow and brown back on a rock

V. peregusna
(Güldenstädt, 1864)

Five subspecies
  • V. p. koshewnikowi
  • V. p. negans
  • V. p. pallidior
  • V. p. peregusna
  • V. p. syriaca
Southeast Europe and central Asia
Map of range 		Size: 28–48 cm (11–19 in) long, plus 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail[43]

Habitat: Desert, rocky areas, grassland, and shrubland[44]

Diet: Primarily eats rodents and birds[44] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[44]

Subfamily Lutrinae

[edit]
Main article: Lutrinae
Genus Aonyx – Lesson, 1827 – three species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
African clawless otter

Brown and white mustelid in grass

A. capensis
Schinz, 1821

Five subspecies
  • A. c. capensis (Cape clawless otter)
  • A. c. hindei
  • A. c. meneleki
  • A. c. microdon
  • A. c. philippsi
Sub-Saharan Africa
Map of range 		Size: 72–95 cm (28–37 in) long, plus 40–60 cm (16–24 in) tail[45]

Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, neritic marine, coastal marine, intertidal marine, and grassland[46]

Diet: Primarily eats crabs and lobsters, as well as frogs, fish, and insects[45][46] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[46]

Asian small-clawed otter

Brown mustelid on a mossy rock

A. cinereus
(Illiger, 1815)

Three subspecies
  • A. c. cinereus
  • A. c. concolor
  • A. c. nirnai
Southeast Asia
Map of range 		Size: 40–63 cm (16–25 in) long, plus 25–35 cm (10–14 in) tail[47]

Habitat: Intertidal marine, coastal marine, inland wetlands, forest, shrubland, neritic marine, and grassland[48]

Diet: Primarily eats crabs, molluscs, insects, and small fish, as well as rodents, snakes, and amphibians[48] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[48]

Congo clawless otter

{{{image-alt}}}

A. congicus
(Lönnberg, 1910) 		Sub-Saharan Africa
Map of range 		Size: 79–95 cm (31–37 in) long, plus 50–56 cm (20–22 in) tail[49]

Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, and marine[50]

Diet: Unknown[50] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[50]

Genus Enhydra – Fleming, 1828 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Sea otter

Brown mustelid on its back in water

E. lutris
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Three subspecies
  • E. l. kenyoni (Northern sea otter)
  • E. l. lutris (Asian sea otter)
  • E. l. nereis (Southern sea otter)
Northern Pacific coasts
Map of range 		Size: 55–130 cm (22–51 in) long, plus 12–33 cm (5–13 in) tail[51]

Habitat: Neritic marine and oceanic marine[52]

Diet: Primarily eats marine invertebrates, as well as fish[52] 		 EN 


125,000 Population declining[52]

Genus Hydrictis – Pocock, 1921 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Spotted-necked otter

Gray mustelid on a rock

H. maculicollis
(Lichtenstein, 1835) 		Much of sub-Saharan Africa
Map of range 		Size: 57–69 cm (22–27 in) long, plus 33–44 cm (13–17 in) tail[53]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, neritic marine, forest, coastal marine, and intertidal marine[54]

Diet: Primarily eats frogs, crabs and small water birds[53][54] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[54]

Genus Lontra – Gray, 1843 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
North American river otter

Brown mustelid in grass

L. canadensis
(Schreber, 1777)

Seven subspecies
  • L. c. canadensis
  • L. c. kodiacensis
  • L. c. lataxina
  • L. c. mira
  • L. c. pacifica
  • L. c. periclyzomae
  • L. c. sonora
United States and Canada, possibly Mexico
Map of range 		Size: 66–107 cm (26–42 in) long, plus 31–46 cm (12–18 in) tail[55]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, intertidal marine, neritic marine, and coastal marine[56]

Diet: Primarily eats fish, as well as amphibians and crustaceans[56] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[56]

Southern river otter

Brown mustelid on rocks

L. provocax
(Thomas, 1908) 		Southern Chile and Argentina
Map of range 		Size: 57–70 cm (22–28 in) long, plus 35–46 cm (14–18 in) tail[57]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, coastal marine, neritic marine, and intertidal marine[58]

Diet: Primarily eats fish and crustaceans[58] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[58]

Neotropical otter

Brown mustelid on rocks

L. longicaudis
(Olfers, 1818)

Three subspecies
  • L. l. annectens
  • L. l. enudris
  • L. l. longicaudis
South and Central America, Trinidad in the Caribbean
Map of range 		Size: 50–79 cm (20–31 in) long, plus 37–57 cm (15–22 in) tail[59]

Habitat: Coastal marine, inland wetlands, neritic marine, and intertidal marine[60]

Diet: Primarily eats fish, as well as crustaceans, insects, amphibians, and molluscs[60] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[60]

Marine otter

Brown mustelid on rock

L. felina
(Molina, 1782) 		West coast of South America
Map of range 		Size: 57–79 cm (22–31 in) long, plus 30–36 cm (12–14 in) tail[61]

Habitat: Coastal marine, intertidal marine, oceanic marine, and neritic marine[62]

Diet: Primarily eats crustaceans and molluscs, as well as fish, birds, and small mammals[62] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[62]

Genus Lutra – Brisson, 1762 – three species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Eurasian otter

Brown and white mustelid on rock

L. lutra
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Eleven subspecies
  • L. l. angustifrons
  • L. l. aurobrunneus
  • L. l. barang
  • L. l. chinensis
  • L. l. hainana
  • L. l. kutab
  • L. l. lutra
  • L. l. meridionalis
  • L. l. monticolus
  • L. l. nair
  • L. l. seistanica
Europe, North Africa, and large regions of Asia
Map of range 		Size: 57–70 cm (22–28 in) long, plus 35–40 cm (14–16 in) tail[63]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, forest, grassland, coastal marine, neretic marine, intertidal marine, and shrubland[64]

Diet: Primarily eats fish, as well as insects, reptiles, amphibians, birds, small mammals, and crustaceans[64] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[64]

Hairy-nosed otter

Brown mustelid on rock by water

L. sumatrana
(Gray, 1865) 		Scattered parts of southeast Asia
Map of range 		Size: 50–82 cm (20–32 in) long, plus 35–50 cm (14–20 in) tail[65]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, neritic marine, shrubland, grassland, forest, coastal marine, and intertidal marine[66]

Diet: Primarily eats fish and water snakes, as well as frogs, lizards, turtles, and crabs[66] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[66]

Japanese otter†

{{{image-alt}}}

L. nippon
Imaizumi, Yoshiyuki, 1989 		formerly Japan (extinct) Size: 65–80 cm (26–31 in) long, plus 45–50 cm (18–20 in) tail

Habitat: Inland wetlands, neritic marine, shrubland, grassland, forest, coastal marine, and intertidal marine

Diet: Fish, crabs, shrimp, eels, beetles, fruit 		 EX 


0 Population steady

Genus Lutrogale – (Gray, 1865) – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Smooth-coated otter

Gray and yellow mustelid on dirt

L. perspicillata
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826

Three subspecies
  • L. p. maxwelli (Iraq smooth–coated otter)
  • L. p. perspicillata
  • L. p. sindica
Iraq, South and southeast Asia
Map of range 		Size: 65–79 cm (26–31 in) long, plus 40–50 cm (16–20 in) tail[67]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, forest, grassland, coastal marine, neritic marine, intertidal marine, and shrubland[68]

Diet: Primarily eats fish, as well as shrimp, crabs, and insects[68] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[68]

Genus Pteronura – Gray, 1837 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Giant otter

Large gray mustelid on a log

P. brasiliensis
(Gmelin, 1788)

Two subspecies
  • P. b. brasiliensis
  • P. b. paraguensis
North and central South America
Map of range 		Size: 96–123 cm (38–48 in) long, plus 45–65 cm (18–26 in) tail[69]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, coastal marine, neritic marine, and forest[70]

Diet: Primarily eats fish, as well as caiman and turtles[70] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[70]

Subfamily Melinae

[edit]
Main article: Melinae
Genus Arctonyx – F.Cuvier, 1825 – three species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Greater hog badger

Brown mustelid in forest

A. collaris
F. Cuvier, 1825

Four subspecies
  • A. c. collaris (Greater hog badger)
  • A. c. consul (Burmese hog badger)
  • A. c. dictator (Indochinese hog badger)
East and southeast Asia (image includes albogularis and hoevenii)
Map of range 		Size: 65–104 cm (26–41 in) long, plus 19–29 cm (7–11 in) tail[71]

Habitat: Forest, grassland, shrubland, and savanna[72]

Diet: Believed to primarily eat worms[72] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[72]

Northern hog badger

Gray mustelid

A. albogularis
(Blyth, 1853)

Two subspecies
  • A. a. albogularis (Greater hog badger)
  • A. a. leucolaemus (Chinese hog badger)
South and East Asia (image includes collaris and hoevenii)
Map of range 		Size: 55–70 cm (22–28 in) long, plus 11–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[71]

Habitat: Forest, bushland, agricultural area, wasteland, and montane grassland[73]

Diet: Small vertebrates, invertebrates, and plant material[73] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[73]

Sumatran hog badger


A. hoevenii
(Blyth, 1853) 		Sumatra Size: 51–71 cm (20–28 in) long, plus 8–18 cm (3–7 in) tail[71]

Habitat: Montane and mossy forests, montane grasslands[74]

Diet: Believed to primarily eat invertebrates[74] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[74]

Genus Meles – Brisson, 1762 – three species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Asian badger

Stuffed brown and white mustelid

M. leucurus
(Hodgson, 1847)

Five subspecies
  • M. l. amurensis (Amur badger)
  • M. l. arenarius (Kazakh badger)
  • M. l. leucurus (Common sand badger)
  • M. l. sibiricus (Siberian badger)
  • M. l. tianschanensis (Tien Shan badger)
Central and east Asia
Map of range 		Size: 49–70 cm (19–28 in) long, plus 13–21 cm (5–8 in) tail[75]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and forest[76]

Diet: Omnivorous; eats fruit, nuts, plants, earthworms, insects, eggs, carrion, and small mammals[76] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[76]

European badger

Gray and white mustelid in grass

M. meles
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Four subspecies
  • M. m. heptneri (Kizlyar badger)
  • M. m. marianensis (Iberian badger)
  • M. m. meles (Common badger)
  • M. m. milleri (Norwegian badger)
Europe (map also includes range of Caucasian badger)
Map of range 		Size: 56–90 cm (22–35 in) long, plus 11–20 cm (4–8 in) tail[77]

Habitat: Grassland, forest, desert, and shrubland[78]

Diet: Omnivorous; eats fruit, nuts, plants, earthworms, insects, eggs, carrion, and small mammals[78] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[78]

Japanese badger

Brown and white mustelid on rocks

M. anakuma
Temminck, 1844 		Japan
Map of range 		Size: 70–79 cm (28–31 in) long, plus 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail[79]

Habitat: Forest[80]

Diet: Primarily eats earthworms and insects, as well as fruit[80] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[80]

Subfamily Mellivorinae

[edit]
Main article: Mellivorinae
Genus Mellivora – Gottlieb Conrad Christian Storr, 1780 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Honey badger

Black and white mustelid in grass

M. capensis
(Schreber, 1776)

Twelve subspecies
  • M. c. abyssinica (Ethiopian ratel)
  • M. c. buechneri (Turkmenian ratel)
  • M. c. capensis (Cape ratel)
  • M. c. concisa (Lake Chad ratel)
  • M. c. cottoni (Black ratel)
  • M. c. inaurita (Nepalese ratel)
  • M. c. indica (Indian ratel)
  • M. c. leuconota (White-backed ratel)
  • M. c. maxwelli (Kenyan ratel)
  • M. c. pumilio (Arabian ratel)
  • M. c. signata (Speckled ratel)
  • M. c. wilsoni (Persian ratel)
Africa, Middle East, and India
Map of range 		Size: 73–96 cm (29–38 in) long, plus 14–23 cm (6–9 in) tail[81]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, savanna, and desert[82]

Diet: Primarily eats smaller mammals[82] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[82]

Subfamily Mustelinae

[edit]
Main article: Mustelinae
Genus Mustela – Linnaeus, 1758 – fifteen species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Back-striped weasel

Drawing of brown mustelid

M. strigidorsa
Gray, 1855 		Parts of southeast Asia
Map of range 		Size: 30–36 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 18–20 cm (7–8 in) tail[83]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[84]

Diet: Unknown, but believed to eat rodents and insects[83][84] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[84]

Black-footed ferret

Brown, black, and white mustelid on dirt

M. nigripes
(Audubon, 1851) 		Three small areas in central United States
Map of range 		Size: 50–53 cm (20–21 in) long, plus 11–13 cm (4–5 in) tail[85]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland[86]

Diet: Primarily eats prairie dogs[86] 		 EN 


200 Population declining[86]

Egyptian weasel

Brown and white mustelid lying on stones

M. subpalmata
Hemprich, 1833 		Nile river delta in Egypt
Map of range 		Size: 32–43 cm (13–17 in) long, plus 9–13 cm (4–5 in) tail[87]

Habitat: Urban, marine[88]

Diet: Primarily eats fruit and vegetables, birds, and insects[89][88] 		 LC 


Unknown Population increasing[88]

European mink

Brown mustelid on log

M. lutreola
(Linnaeus, 1761)

Seven subspecies
  • M. l. biedermanni (French mink)
  • M. l. binominata
  • M. l. cylipena (Middle European mink)
  • M. l. lutreola (Northern mink)
  • M. l. novikovi (Middle Russian mink)
  • M. l. transsylvanica (Carpathian mink)
  • M. l. turovi (Caucasian mink)
Scattered parts of west Asia and west Europe
Map of range 		Size: 35–43 cm (14–17 in) long, plus 15–19 cm (6–7 in) tail[90]

Habitat: Inland wetlands[91]

Diet: Primarily eats amphibians, crustaceans, fish, small mammals, insects, and birds[91] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[91]

European polecat

Brown and black mustelid on log

M. putorius
Linnaeus, 1758

Six subspecies
  • M. p. anglia (Welsh polecat)
  • M. p. aureola (Mediterranean polecat)
  • M. p. caledoniae (Scottish polecat)†
  • M. p. mosquensis (Middle Russian polecat)
  • M. p. putorius (Common polecat)
  • M. p. rothschildi (Carpathian polecat)
Europe and west Asia
Map of range 		Size: 29–46 cm (11–18 in) long, plus 8–17 cm (3–7 in) tail[92]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, coastal marine, grassland, forest, and shrubland[93]

Diet: Primarily eats lagomorphs, rodents, amphibians, and other vertebrates, as well as invertebrates and carrion[93] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[93]

Ferret

Black and black mustelid

M. furo
Linnaeus, 1758 		Worldwide distribution (domesticated) Size: 20–46 cm (8–18 in) long, plus 7–19 cm (3–7 in) tail[94]

Habitat: Domesticated

Diet: Primarily eats small mammals 		 NE 


Unknown Unknown

Indonesian mountain weasel


M. lutreolina
Robinson, 1917 		Scattered parts of Indonesia
Map of range 		Size: 27–33 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 13–17 cm (5–7 in) tail[95]

Habitat: Shrubland and forest[96]

Diet: Primarily eats rodents, as well as small mammals, birds, amphibians, and eggs[95][96] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[96]

Japanese weasel

Brown mustelid on a tree

M. itatsi
Temminck, 1844 		native to Japan, introduced to Russia (native range in blue, introduced in red (Hokkaido, Sakhalin))
Map of range 		Size: 21–36 cm (8–14 in) long, plus 7–16 cm (3–6 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and forest[98]

Diet: Primarily eats rodents, insects, amphibians, and reptiles[98] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[98]

Least weasel

Brown and white mustelid on log

M. nivalis
Linnaeus, 1766

Seventeen subspecies
  • M. n. allegheniensis (Allegheny weasel)
  • M. n. boccamela (Transcaucasian weasel)
  • M. n. campestris (Plains weasel)
  • M. n. caucasica (Caucasian weasel)
  • M. n. eskimo (Alaskan weasel)
  • M. n. heptneri (Turkmenian weasel)
  • M. n. mosanensis (Korean weasel)
  • M. n. namiyei (Japanese weasel)
  • M. n. nivalis (Common weasel)
  • M. n. numidica (Mediterranean weasel)
  • M. n. pallida (Montane Turkestan weasel)
  • M. n. pygmaea (Siberian least weasel)
  • M. n. rixosa (Bangs' weasel)
  • M. n. rossica
  • M. n. russelliana (Sichuan weasel)
  • M. n. stoliczkana
  • M. n. tonkinensis (Vietnamese weasel)
  • M. n. vulgaris (Middle European weasel)
Europe, Asia, northern Africa, northern North America
Map of range 		Size: 11–26 cm (4–10 in) long, plus 1–9 cm (0–4 in) tail[99]

Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, rocky areas, coastal marine, shrubland, and grassland[100]

Diet: Primarily eats rodents and other small mammals as well as eggs, lizards, frogs, salamanders, fish, worms, and carrion[100] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[100]

Malayan weasel


M. nudipes
Desmarest, 1822

Two subspecies
  • M. n. leucocephalus
  • M. n. nudipes
Southeast Asia
Map of range 		Size: 30–36 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail[101]

Habitat: Shrubland and forest[102]

Diet: Primarily eats rodents, as well as small birds, lizards, and insects[101][102] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[102]

Mountain weasel

Brown and white mustelid standing on rocks

M. altaica
Pallas, 1811

Four subspecies
  • M. a. altaica
  • M. a. birulai
  • M. a. raddei
  • M. a. temon
Central Asia and northern India Size: 22–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 9–15 cm (4–6 in) tail[103]

Habitat: Shrubland, rocky areas, and grassland[104]

Diet: Primarily eats pikas, rodents, small birds, lizards, and insects[104] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[104]

Siberian weasel

Brown mustelid on ground

M. sibirica
Pallas, 1773

Eleven subspecies
  • M. s. canigula (Tibetan kolonok)
  • M. s. charbinensis (Manchurian kolonok)
  • M. s. coreanus (Korean kolonok)
  • M. s. davidiana (Taiwanese kolonok)
  • M. s. fontanierii (North Chinese kolonok)
  • M. s. hodgsoni (Hodgson's kolonok)
  • M. s. manchurica (Far Eastern kolonok)
  • M. s. moupinensis (Burmese kolonok)
  • M. s. quelpartis (Quelpart kolonok)
  • M. s. sibirica (Siberian kolonok)
  • M. s. subhemachalana (Himalayan kolonok)
North-central and east Asia (native range in green, introduced in red (Japan))
Map of range 		Size: 25–39 cm (10–15 in) long, plus 13–21 cm (5–8 in) tail[105]

Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, forest, and rocky areas[106]

Diet: Primarily eats small mammals, amphibians, fish, carrion, and pine nuts[106] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[106]

Steppe polecat

Brown and white mustelid in grass

M. eversmanii
Lesson, 1827

Seven subspecies
  • M. e. admirata (Chinese steppe polecat)
  • M. e. amurensis (Amur steppe polecat)
  • M. e. eversmanii (Petropavlov steppe polecat)
  • M. e. hungarica (European steppe polecat)
  • M. e. larvatus (Tibetan steppe polecat)
  • M. e. michnoi (Baikal steppe polecat)
  • M. e. talassicus (Turkestan steppe polecat)
Central Asia and eastern Europe
Map of range 		Size: 29–56 cm (11–22 in) long, plus 8–18 cm (3–7 in) tail[107]

Habitat: Grassland and shrubland[108]

Diet: Primarily eats rodents and pikas[108] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[108]

Stoat

Brown and white mustelid in grass

M. erminea
Linnaeus, 1758

37 subspecies
  • M. e. aestiva (Middle Russian stoat)
  • M. e. alascensis (Junean stoat)
  • M. e. anguinae (Vancouver Island stoat)
  • M. e. arctica (Tundra stoat)
  • M. e. augustidens
  • M. e. bangsi (Western Great Lakes stoat)
  • M. e. celenda
  • M. e. cigognanii (Bonaparte's stoat)
  • M. e. erminea (Northern stoat)
  • M. e. fallenda
  • M. e. ferghanae (Fergana stoat)
  • M. e. gulosa
  • M. e. haidarum (Queen Charlotte Islands stoat)
  • M. e. hibernica (Irish stoat)
  • M. e. initis
  • M. e. invicta
  • M. e. kadiacensis (Kodiak stoat)
  • M. e. kaneii (East Siberian stoat)
  • M. e. karaginensis (Karaginsky stoat)
  • M. e. lymani (Altai stoat)
  • M. e. martinoi
  • M. e. minima (Swiss stoat)
  • M. e. mongolica (Gobi stoat)
  • M. e. muricus (Southwestern stoat)
  • M. e. nippon (Japanese stoat)
  • M. e. ognevi
  • M. e. olympica (Olympic stoat)
  • M. e. polaris (Polar stoat)
  • M. e. richardsonii (Richardson's stoat)
  • M. e. ricinae (Hebrides stoat)
  • M. e. salva
  • M. e. seclusa
  • M. e. semplei (Baffin Island stoat)
  • M. e. stabilis (British stoat)
  • M. e. streatori
  • M. e. teberdina (Caucasian stoat)
  • M. e. tobolica (Tobolsk stoat)
Europe, north Asia, northern North America, and Greenland (native range in green, introduced in red (New Zealand)); map includes range of American and haida ermines
Map of range 		Size: 17–33 cm (7–13 in) long, plus 4–12 cm (2–5 in) tail[109]

Habitat: Shrubland, inland wetlands, grassland, rocky areas, and forest[110]

Diet: Primarily eats small mammals, as well as fruit, earthworms, insects, eggs, and birds[110] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[110]

Yellow-bellied weasel

Black and yellow mustelid on rock

M. kathiah
Hodgson, 1835

Two subspecies
  • M. k. caporiaccoi
  • M. k. kathiah
Himalayan mountains and east-southeast Asia
Map of range 		Size: 25–27 cm (10–11 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[111]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[112]

Diet: Primarily eats rodents, as well as birds and small mammals[111][112] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[112]

Genus Neogale – Gray, 1865 – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Amazon weasel


N. africana
(Desmarest, 1818)

Two subspecies
  • N. a. africana
  • N. a. stolzmanni
Amazon basin
Map of range 		Size: 41–52 cm (16–20 in) long, plus 16–21 cm (6–8 in) tail[113]

Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest[114]

Diet: Unknown[115][114] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[114]

American mink

Brown mustelid in water

N. vison
(Schreber, 1777)

Fifteen subspecies
  • N. v. aestuarina (California lowland mink)
  • N. v. aniakensis
  • N. v. energumenos (Western mink)
  • N. v. evagor
  • N. v. evergladensis (Everglades mink)
  • N. v. ingens (Alaskan mink)
  • N. v. lacustris (Hudson Bay mink)
  • N. v. letifera (Mississippi Valley mink)
  • N. v. lowii
  • N. v. lutensis (Florida mink)
  • N. v. melampeplus (Kenai mink)
  • N. v. mink (Common mink)
  • N. v. nesolestes (Island mink)
  • N. v. vison (Eastern mink)
  • N. v. vulgivaga (Southern mink)
Canada and United States; introduced to large areas in South America, Europe, and Asia (native range in red (North America), introduced in pink)
Map of range 		Size: 31–45 cm (12–18 in) long, plus 14–25 cm (6–10 in) tail[116]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, forest, and shrubland[117]

Diet: Primarily eats fish, amphibians, crustaceans, muskrats, and small mammals[117] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[117]

Colombian weasel


N. felipei
(Izor and Torre, 1978) 		Small area of northwest South America
Map of range 		Size: 32–39 cm (13–15 in) long, plus 10–14 cm (4–6 in) tail[118]

Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest[119]

Diet: Unknown, but believed to eat fish, small mammals, and insects[120][119] 		 VU 


1,300 Population declining[119]

Long-tailed weasel

Brown and white mustelid standing in grass

N. frenata
(Lichtenstein, 1831)

42 subspecies
  • N. f. affinis
  • N. f. agilis
  • N. f. alleni (Black Hills long-tailed weasel)
  • N. f. altifrontalis
  • N. f. arizonensis (Arizona long-tailed weasel)
  • N. f. arthuri
  • N. f. aureoventris
  • N. f. boliviensis (Bolivian long-tailed weasel)
  • N. f. costaricensis (Costa Rican long-tailed weasel)
  • N. f. effera
  • N. f. frenata (Bridled weasel)
  • N. f. goldmani (Chiapas long-tailed weasel)
  • N. f. gracilis
  • N. f. helleri
  • N. f. inyoensis (Inyo long-tailed weasel)
  • N. f. latirostra
  • N. f. leucoparia
  • N. f. longicauda (Common long-tailed weasel)
  • N. f. macrophonius
  • N. f. munda
  • N. f. neomexicanus (New Mexico long-tailed weasel)
  • N. f. nevadensis (Nevada long-tailed weasel)
  • N. f. nicaraguae (Nicaraguan long-tailed weasel)
  • N. f. nigriauris
  • N. f. notius
  • N. f. noveboracensis (New York long-tailed weasel)
  • N. f. occisor
  • N. f. olivacea
  • N. f. oregonensis (Oregon long-tailed weasel)
  • N. f. oribasus
  • N. f. panamensis (Panama long-tailed weasel)
  • N. f. peninsulae (Florida long-tailed weasel)
  • N. f. perda
  • N. f. perotae
  • N. f. primulina
  • N. f. pulchra
  • N. f. saturata (Cascade Mountains long-tailed weasel)
  • N. f. spadix
  • N. f. texensis (Texas long-tailed weasel)
  • N. f. tropicalis (Tropical long-tailed weasel)
  • N. f. washingtoni (Washington long-tailed weasel)
  • N. f. xanthogenys (California long-tailed weasel)
North America, Central America, and northern South America
Map of range 		Size: 28–42 cm (11–17 in) long, plus 11–30 cm (4–12 in) tail[121]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, grassland, and shrubland[122]

Diet: Primarily eats rodents and other small mammals[122] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[122]

Sea mink†


N. macrodon
(Prentiss, 1903) 		formerly northern New England coast in United States, Maritime Provinces in Canada
Map of range 		Size: Estimated to have been around 91 cm (36 in) long, plus 25 cm (10 in) tail[123]

Habitat: Intertidal marine, neritic marine, and coastal marine[124]

Diet: Primarily ate fish as well as molluscs[124] 		 EX 


0 Population steady[124]

Subfamily Taxidiinae

[edit]
Main article: Taxidiinae
Genus Taxidea – Horsfield, 1839 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
American badger

Gray, black, and white mustelid in grass

T. taxus
(Schreber, 1777)

Five subspecies
  • T. t. berlandieri (Texas badger)
  • T. t. jacksoni (Jackson's badger)
  • T. t. jeffersonii (British Columbia badger)
  • T. t. marylandica (Maryland badger)
  • T. t. taxus
Mexico, United States and southern Canada
Map of range 		Size: 42–72 cm (17–28 in) long, plus 10–16 cm (4–6 in) tail[125]

Habitat: Forest, grassland, and shrubland[126]

Diet: Primarily eats fossorial rodents, as well as scorpions, insects, snakes, lizards, and birds[126] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[126]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Law, C. J.; Slater, G. J.; Mehta, R. S. (January 2018). "Lineage Diversity and Size Disparity in Musteloidea: Testing Patterns of Adaptive Radiation Using Molecular and Fossil-Based Methods". Systematic Biology. 67 (1): 127–144. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syx047. PMID 28472434.
  2. ^ Schreffler, Christina (2003). "Eira barbara". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
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