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Maurice Gibb

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Not to be confused with Maurie Gibb.

Maurice Gibb
CBE
Maurice Gibb performing on AVRO's TopPop (a Dutch television show) in 1973
Maurice Gibb performing on AVRO's TopPop (a Dutch television show) in 1973
Background information
Birth nameMaurice Ernest Gibb
Born(1949-12-22)22 December 1949
Douglas, Isle of Man
OriginManchester, Lancashire, England[1]
Died12 January 2003(2003-01-12) (aged 53)
Miami Beach, Florida, US
GenresRock, pop, blues rock, progressive rock, soft rock
Occupation(s)Musician, singer, songwriter, record producer
Instrument(s)Vocals, guitar, bass guitar, keyboards
Years active1955–2003
LabelsPolydor, Atco, Spin, Beacon, Pye, Capitol, RCA, Audiotrax

Maurice Ernest Gibb, CBE (/ˈmɔːrɪs/ (22 December 1949 – 12 January 2003) was a musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer who achieved international fame as guitarist,[3] bassist and keyboardist of the Bee Gees. Although his brothers Barry and Robin Gibb were the band's primary lead vocalists, most of the groups albums included at least one or two Maurice Gibb compositions, including "Lay It on Me", "Country Woman" and "On Time". The Bee Gees were one of the most successful rock-pop groups ever.[4] Gibb's role in the group focused on melody and arrangements, providing backing vocal harmony and playing a variety of instruments.

Born on the Isle of Man, he started his music career in 1955 in Manchester, England, joining the skiffle-rock and roll group the Rattlesnakes[1] that later evolved into the Bee Gees in 1958 when they moved to Australia.[5] They returned to England, where they achieved worldwide fame. In 2002, the Bee Gees were appointed as CBEs for their "contribution to music", and following his death in 2003, Maurice's son collected his award at Buckingham Palace in 2004.[6]

Gibb's earliest musical influences included The Everly Brothers, Cliff Richard and Paul Anka; The Mills Brothers and The Beatles were significant later influences.[7] By 1964 he began his career as an instrumentalist, playing guitar on "Claustrophobia". After the band's break-up in 1969, Gibb released his first solo single "Railroad" but his first solo album The Loner has never been released.

1949–57: Early years

Gibb was born in Douglas, Isle of Man[8] on 22 December 1949, the son of Hugh and Barbara Gibb. He was the fraternal twin of Robin Gibb and was the younger of the two by 35 minutes. At that time, he had one sister, Lesley, and one brother, Barry.

In January 1955, the Gibbs moved back to Manchester, England. Around 1955, Gibb and his brothers were heard harmonising by their parents. Also in 1955, he started his music career when he joined the skiffle/rock and roll group the Rattlesnakes with his brothers and two friends, Paul Frost and Kenny Horrocks, who were their neighbours. The group's first major appearance was on 28 December 1957 when they performed at a local Gaumont cinema where children were invited to sing between films. They had planned to sing along to a 78 rpm record which Lesley had just been given as a Christmas present, but on the way Gibb and his brother Robin dropped and broke it, so they sang live. The audience were pleased by their singing, which may have been the song "Wake Up Little Susie" by the Everly Brothers.[1][9]

1958–2003: Bee Gees

Main article: Bee Gees

On 5 March 1958, the youngest Gibb child, Andy Gibb, was born. By May 1958, the Gibbs moved to Northern Grove as Horrocks and Frost left the band. The band name was changed to Wee Johnny Hayes and the Blue Cats. Later, in August, the Gibbs emigrated to Australia, settling in Redcliffe near Brisbane, Queensland. After numerous group name changes, finally the name evolved into the Bee Gees. By January 1963 the Gibbs moved to Sydney. The group's first single was "The Battle of the Blue and the Grey" but it failed to chart. Around 1963, the Gibb brothers worked with Judy Stone, Johnny Devlin and Jimmy Hannan. By 1964, Gibb made his first appearance as an instrumentalist on the beat-influenced "Claustrophobia". Also in 1964, the Gibb brothers worked with Johnny Devlin and Trevor Gordon.[10] Around 1965, the Gibb brothers worked with Trevor Gordon, Michelle Rae and Noeleen Batley.[11] In 1966 the three Gibb brothers wrote their first song, "The Storm". Also in 1966, Gibb began his career as the lead guitarist and bassist for the band; around the same time, he recorded his first solo composition, "All by Myself", on which he also played guitar. Around 1966, the Gibb brothers worked with Bip Addison, Sandy Summers, Anne Shelton, Vince Maloney, April Bryon, MPD Ltd, Ray Brown and the Whispers, Ronnie Burns, Lori Balmer, Marty Rhone, Vyt, Python Lee Jackson, Dennis Knight, Barrington Davis, Jenene and Jon Blanchfield. Their second album, Spicks and Specks (1966), included "Where Are You", Gibb's first solo writing credit to be released.[3]

"Maurice is closer to my attitudes and ideas. He has the same kind of humour as I have. We have other common interests like playing chess. He's the kind of guy who will come over and give you a hand washing the car".[1]

—Colin Petersen, drummer for the Bee Gees on telling his band mates' personalities

In March 1967 the Gibb brothers worked with Billy J. Kramer recording "Town of Tuxley Toymaker, Part 1". Around the same time, Colin Petersen and Vince Melouney joined the Bee Gees. In the middle of 1967 Bee Gees' 1st was released. The album was praised by the critics who compared it to the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released weeks earlier.[12] AllMusic's Bruce Eder wrote that Gibb's Mellotron on "Every Christian Lion Hearted Man Will Show You" 'was close in the spirit of The Moody Blues and was opened by a Gregorian chant.'[13] The band's first number 1 single in the UK, "Massachusetts" was released in September 1967. In early 1968, the Horizontal was released. In August 1968 the Marbles released their first and only successful hit "Only One Woman" a song which co-written by Gibb. In the middle of 1968, the band's third international LP Idea included the song "Kitty Can", which features Gibb's high harmony vocal, with Barry Gibb singing low harmony.[14] In early 1969, they released Odessa, which features Gibb's solo vocals on "Suddenly" and "I Laugh in Your Face". On March 19, 1969, the same day that Robin Gibb announced his plans as a solo artist, Gibb and his bandmates recorded and later released "Tomorrow Tomorrow".[15]

Maurice and Barry alone comprised the Bee Gees on the 1969 album Cucumber Castle during Robin's absence as a soloist. They sang the hit "Don't Forget to Remember" (which reached number two on the UK chart while Robin's first solo single, "Saved By The Bell", also reached number two) and follow up singles; "IOIO" and "Tomorrow, Tomorrow" with Barry taking lead and Maurice providing harmony vocals, but the duo version of the group enjoyed dwindling success. On 1 December 1969, Maurice and brother Barry announced that the Bee Gees had broken up.[16] Maurice later began taking a few lead vocals such as on "You Know it's For You" on "To Whom it May Concern" (1972), and later "Wildflower" (on "Living Eyes" 1981). In September 1986, the Bee Gees began writing and recording songs for their upcoming album E.S.P..[17] on which Maurice took lead vocal on the song "Overnight".

The Bee Gees released their 23rd album, This Is Where I Came In, which included his compositions, "Walking on Air" and "Man in the Middle".

Outside projects

Solo career

I suppose it was a good thing to get it out of my system, but at the same time, I never thought we would never sing together again. I started off intending to make go of it, but I soon found something was missing. I'd write songs and want desperately to play them to my brothers, but because of all the squabbles, I didn't feel I could. Then our record company unintentionally seemed to be trying to sabotage our solo careers. Distribution problems hit my solo single, ['Railroad'] Barry's first single, ['I'll Kiss Your Memory'] and Robin's second single ['One Million Years']

—Gibb, on telling his first experience as a solo artist[1]

In April 1970 Gibb released his first solo single, "Railroad" backed with "I've Come Back". His debut solo album, The Loner, has not yet been released. All of the songs on the album feature guitar work by Stone the Crows' Leslie Harvey. In May 1970 the album Sing a Rude Song was released in the UK with Gibb singing lead vocals on the three songs on the album.

In 1981, he recorded some instrumental tracks for his unreleased instrumental album Strings and Things, including "Image of Samantha" seems refer to his daughter Samantha.[18]

In 1982, Gibb appeared at the San Remo Festival and performed "Wildflower", a Bee Gees' song on which he provided lead vocals from Living Eyes.[19] In 1983, Gibb re-recorded "On Time" at the same time as "Hold Her in Your Hand". By February 1984, he collaborated with arranger Jimmie Haskell for the film soundtrack of A Breed Apart, recorded at Gold Star Studios in Los Angeles. By March, he recorded "Miami, A Musical Score", this song was later used for a promotional film in Miami. His second single "Hold Her in Your Hand" was only issued in UK, Australia and South Africa.[20]

Gibb composed and recorded the instrumental "The Supernaturals" in July 1985, it was later dubbed on the film of the same name, he also appeared on the film doing a cameo appearance.[21]

Other bands

A supergroup in 1969 called The Fut was formed at a Tin Tin session and they recorded "Have You Heard the Word" and released later as a single, the band consisting of Gibb on vocals/bass/guitar, Steve Kipner and Steve Groves on vocals with Billy Lawrie also providing background vocals. "Have You Heard the Word" features Gibb impersonating John Lennon by singing the song, and the Beatles fans thought that it was the lost Beatles song which was not released. In 1985, Yoko Ono attempted to register the song as Lennon's composition.[22]

In 1970, he formed a supergroup The Bloomfields with Billy Lawrie and Heads, Hands & Feet member Johnny Harris, and they recorded a short version of "The Loner", which was released as a single in 1972 and intended for the film Bloomfield[23]

Session musician and producer

In 1966, Gibb became a session musician in Australia for other artists including Bip Addison, Anne Shelton, April Bryon, Barrington Davis and singer Jon.[3]

Around 1969, Gibb worked with his next-door neighbor, Beatle Ringo Starr, and the result was the track "Modulating Maurice" but it was not released. Gibb played piano on the track "Saved by the Bell" as well as bass on "Mother and Jack" both songs performed by Robin Gibb for his first solo album.[15]

Around 1970, Gibb played piano on George Harrison's song "Isn't It a Pity" and Genesis' Phil Collins remembers him being present when he played on that song. In 1971, he produced Lulu's 1971 song "Everybody Clap", which features Gibb on guitar, Leslie Harvey on guitar, former Manfred Mann and Cream member Jack Bruce on bass, and Led Zeppelin's John Bonham on drums. Also in that year, he played bass on Billy Lawrie's 1973 song "Freedom". Wings' Jimmy McCulloch played guitar on that song, and he suggests that it was recorded at around the same time as "Everybody Clap", with Stone the Crows' Maggie Bell providing backing vocals.[24] On 17 January 1972, Gibb produced, with Billy Lawrie, "Baby Come On Home" and "(Have You Seen My) Angelina", released as a single also in that year. In April 1972, Gibb produced Jimmy Stevens' album Don't Freak Me Out, called Paid My Dues in US. Also in 1972, Gibb produced Drift Away, an album released by Bob Saker and Mike Berry; it features a cover version of "On Time", Gibb's composition from 1971, and was originally used as the B-side of "My World".[25] In 1973, Gibb produced and play bass on Jimmy Stevens' songs "Maggie May", "Fiddler's Tramp", "Tennessee", "Sinner", "Yoko", "She Put Love In My Soul", with Bee Gees guitarist Alan Kendall and Jimmy McCulloch on guitar, Pete Willsher on acoustic guitar, Zoot Money on keyboards, Paul Jones on harmonica and others. In August 1973, Gibb participated on Andy Gibb's first recording session performing "Windows of My World" and "My Father's a Rebel".[26]

In 1978, Gibb produced with Steve Klein Osmonds' album Steppin' Out, a cover version of "Rest Your Love on Me", which was originally recorded by the Bee Gees on Children of the World sessions in 1976, but was used in 1978 as the B-side of "Too Much Heaven". Also in 1978, Gibb composed "The Love That Was Lost", with Blue Weaver on keyboard and arranged by Mike Lewis, who also arranged for the disco group KC and the Sunshine Band.[27] In 1980, Gibb co-wrote with Tim Rice "Last Affair of the Heart", which was recorded by Elaine Paige in AIR Studios in London along with "Secrets" and "Carried Away".[28] In 1982, Gibb took part in Barry's recording of the song "Eyes That See in the Dark", a song that was originally intended for Kenny Rogers' album album of the same name. In August 1982, Gibb wrote and recorded "Spirit of the Snow", which was originally intended for the film A Christmas Carol. Gibb worked with Robin on the album How Old Are You?, which was released in 1983. In 1984, Gibb also worked with Robin on his fourth solo album Secret Agent. Gibb co-wrote "Shine, Shine" and "The Hunter", and both songs were released on Barry's second solo album Now Voyager in 1984.[20]

In 1985, Gibb produced Robin's fifth LP Walls Have Eyes with Tom Dowd. In 1985, Gibb sang background vocals on Larry Gatlin's songs "Indian Summer", which was released on Gatlin's album Smile with Gatlin and Roy Orbison on lead vocals; another track "Didn't We Call It (Falling in Love)" was not released.[21] In 1986, Gibb produced Carola's album Runaway. Also in 1986, Gibb participated on The Bunbury songs "Up the Revolution", "Fight (No Matter How Long)", "Bunbury Afternoon" and "Seasons".

Musicianship

Very early on in 1965 and 1966 he played lead guitar, but as early as 1966 he was playing other keyboards and strings in the studio. Bee Gees records from 1967 to 1972 are dominated by Maurice playing bass and piano, along with Mellotron ("Every Christian Lion Hearted Man Will Show You" and "Kilburn Towers"), rhythm guitar (along with Barry), and other parts. The piano on songs like "Words" and "Lonely Days" is Gibb's. He played the Moog synthesizer on the song "Sweet Song of Summer" which closed their 1972 To Whom it May Concern album. On stage he usually played bass, with an additional musician taking bass when Gibb switched to piano. He was less influential in the Bee Gees' disco sound of 1975 to 1979, when he primarily played bass.[29] After that time, for the last 20 years of his life, he primarily played keyboards on stage and in the studio, but also occasionally lead guitar (including the acoustic guitar given to him by John Lennon, which Gibb used on "This Is Where I Came In", 2001).[30] In the reunited Bee Gees from 1987 onward, Gibb was the group's resident expert on all technical phases of recording and coordinated musicians and engineers to create much of the group's sound.

As a songwriter, Gibb contributed primarily to melody, with his brothers writing the lyrics that they would sing on the finished song (for the most part). It is difficult to identify his contributions because the songs were so shaped to the singer, but his brothers' continued writing collaboration with him on solo projects shows how much they relied on him. On average, Gibb sang lead on one or two songs per album and he was sometimes known as "the quiet one" for his less obvious contributions to the group, but privately he was a good teller of stories, who immensely enjoyed talking with fans. His reputation as a mild-mannered, stabilizing influence with two very ambitious brothers continued through his life.[31] His comic personality shone on stage during Bee Gees concerts when the brothers would perform an acoustic medley. Many times during the song "Holiday", Maurice would mock Robin while he was singing or pretend he was bored (Maurice did not sing on the original record).

Personal life

Gibb said he had "battled the booze" since the 1970s. John Lennon introduced him to his favourite drink, whisky and coke:[32] "If he had given me cyanide, I would have drunk the cyanide, I was so in awe of the man."[33] With his neighbour Ringo Starr he would go out drinking. It got to the point where he became unreliable and prior to going onstage would have to feel his way along the wall to get there, according to Barry.[33] One factor in Maurice's recovery was the active intervention of his brothers, who had recently lost youngest brother Andy. In an interview, Maurice acknowledged that his final years of alcohol abuse had been driven by his failure to reach Andy before his death, and his subsequent guilt. After rehab Maurice started to rediscover his family again, spending quality time with them. To celebrate this, he and Yvonne renewed their wedding vows in 1992. The ceremony was attended not only by many members of their families but many of the friends Gibb made whilst at the rehabilitation centre.[33]

First relationships

Gibb met Scottish pop singer Lulu through Colin Petersen. Lulu recalls about Maurice, "I thought Maurice was cute, so I said, 'In that case, tell him to stop talking about me and take me out', He did just that, I never expected much to come from this, but in fact our relationship grew, after a fashion, Going steady is quite the wrong way to describe what was happening between us. Going unsteady might better sum up the way we fell in and out with each other". According to Lulu, she, Maurice and Robert Stigwood watched Pink Floyd at the Saville Theatre in London. Later, after his relationship with Lulu had become public knowledge, he said: "Lulu and I met on the Top of the Pops TV show three months ago, and then at the Saville Theatre in London last month".[1] Later in 1968, Lulu was seen out on the town with Davy Jones of The Monkees, Jones was also a friend of Maurice's. As Gibb recalled, "Davy Jones was a good friend of mine, I broke it off with Lulu over the phone and Davy called me up and said 'I am going to ask Lu to dinner with some friends, is that all right?' I said, 'Yes, I am not going out with her any more, have a ball' and threw the phone down. They then took so many photos of them and made it look like a six-month romance, but she had only been out with him that one night, she did not even want to go out. She phoned me the next day and she was crying, saying she was sorry". Maurice later regretted not accepting her apology, "We just grew up, that's all," Maurice admitted. "We were miserable apart and when we started going out again, it got so that I didn't want to be with anyone. I used to phone her up from Los Angeles about twice a day. Then she'd call me back. We used to make about 90 minute calls". And on the same year, Gibb was seen around town with a Hungarian singer Sarolta Zalatnay, but he later insisted: "I'm not a Casanova and it's all most unfortunate. I've never been publicised to be available. Because of the stories of my affairs with Lulu and Sarolta, the fans feel, 'Oh, we won't bother about Maurice because he's always got a steady girl'. Gibb recalled the first meeting with his future-in-laws, "I went up to Glasgow to meet Lu's parents, and I was told that Billy, who is younger than Lu, would be at the station to meet me. I got off the train and was walking along the platform when I saw him. I didn't need to speak, I knew it was Billy and I went up to him and said, 'You're Billy, aren't you?', he said, 'You must be Maurice' and we had met".[1] The couple married in 18 February 1969 and divorced in 1973.[34] Their careers and his heavy drinking forced them apart and they divorced, childless, in 1973.[35] Gibb later stated they both drank: "We didn't have any responsibilities, we'd just party."[33]

Family

He married his second wife, Yvonne Spenceley Gibb, on 17 October 1975. They had two children, Adam and Samantha Gibb,[36] and their marriage lasted until his death. Maurice's alcoholic nadir came in 1991, when he pulled a gun on his wife and kids after a month-long bender.[33] She left him and immediately went over to brother Barry's house, refusing to come back until he had done something about his drinking. Maurice went into rehab, calling Yvonne telling her he was going to stay because he really wanted to stop drinking. She said that was the call she had been waiting for.[33]

Death

Gibb died unexpectedly at the age of 53, at Mount Sinai Medical Center in Miami Beach, Florida on 12 January 2003 of a cardiac arrest, while waiting to undergo surgery for a twisted intestine, with his wife, children, and brothers at his side.[37] After his funeral service, he was cremated. His brothers Barry and Robin ceased performing as a group for a time,[38] but later decided to perform occasionally under the Bee Gees banner[39] before twin brother Robin died of liver and kidney failure on 20 May 2012.[40] Barry and Robin Gibb told the BBC about Maurice's death, "The fact that they had to operate on Maurice during the shock of cardiac arrest is questionable". Barry said "None of the sequence of events have yet made sense to us."[41] Robin Gibb spoke to Mojo magazine about Maurice's death in 2003: "We were kids together, and teenagers. We spent the whole of our lives with each other because of our music. I can't accept that he's dead. I just imagine he's alive somewhere else."[42]

Tributes

Jagged Edge and Paul McCartney recorded "Too Much Heaven" in 2004.[43] Wyclef Jean recorded "Jive Talkin'" in 2005 and Sheryl Crow recorded "To Love Somebody" in 2005 as a tribute for him.[44] A tribute to Maurice, entitled Souls Stick Around: A Tale of the Black Hills and Maurice Gibb, was published as an eBook on Amazon.com in March 2012 by Bee Gees fan and author, Dawnette Owens.

Influences

His influences are the Beatles, the Everly Brothers, Cliff Richard, Paul Anka and the Mills Brothers. According to Gibb himself when he was a young kid, he listened to the Beatles' early records. He was also influenced by Paul McCartney's bass playing. Talking about the song "Have You Heard the Word" on which he played bass, "We were just getting ready to do some tracks and we were just doing nothing and I was fartin' around on the bass. I was a big Paul freak. He was a great teacher for me".[45]

Gibb continues, "I could play every bass lick he [Paul McCartney] played", especially "Michelle" on which he says "the bass line, really tasteful stuff, and way ahead, way ahead of his time". Gibb also described "The Word" as a "real John Lennon number" when he listens to the song.[45]

Legacy

A recording studio at Chorlton High School, one of the schools the brothers attended, commemorates Maurice Gibb.[46] In honoring Gibb, his brother Barry Gibb noted: "Mo was a real McCartney bass freak, as a lot of us were. He would pick up on all the things that McCartney would [do]. Maurice was very good on different instruments, you know. Good lead guitarist, good bass player, good keyboard player. He was versatile. He loved playing bass more than anything else, I think, at that time."[47]

Discography

Singles
Year Single Peak chart positions Certifications
(sales thresholds) 		Album
UK US Malaysia Singapore
1970 "Railroad" — — 6 9 The Loner
1984 "Hold Her in Your Hand" — — — — A Breed Apart (soundtrack)
"—" denotes releases did not chart

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Hughes, Andrew. The Bee Gees - Tales Of The Brothers Gibb. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
  2. ^ "Maurice Gibb Biography". All Music. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  3. ^ a b c Brennan, Joseph. "Gibb Songs: 1966". Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  4. ^ "The Bee Gees biography". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. 1997. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
  5. ^ OMalley, Brendon (11 January 2009). "Bee Gees real Brisbane music pioneers". Courier Mail. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
  6. ^ "'Bitter-sweet' trip to palace for Bee Gees". Telegraph.co.uk. 28 May 2004. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  7. ^ "The Bee Gees Influences". Shmoop. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  8. ^ "The Story About the Bee Gees / Part 1: 1940-1950". BrothersGibb.org. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  9. ^ Brennan, Joseph. "Gibb Songs:1946-1962". Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  10. ^ Brennan, Joseph. "Gibb Songs: 1964". Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  11. ^ Brennan, Joseph. "Gibb Songs: 1965". Retrieved 11 January 2013.
  12. ^ Brennan, Joseph. "Gibb Songs: 1967". Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  13. ^ Eder, Bruce. "Bee Gees - Bee Gees' 1st". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  14. ^ Brennan, Joseph. "Gibb Songs: 1968". Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  15. ^ a b Brennan, Joseph. "Gibb Songs: 1969". Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  16. ^ Sandoval, Andrew (2012). The Day-By-Day Story, 1945–1972 (Paperback) (1st ed.). Retrofuture Day-By-Day. pp. 102–115. ISBN 978-0-943249-08-7.
  17. ^ Brennan, Joseph. "Gibb Songs: 1986". Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  18. ^ Brennan, Joseph. "Gibb Songs: 1981". Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  19. ^ "Bee Gees (ultra rare) San Remo festival 1982.Maurice Gibb". You Tube. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  20. ^ a b Brennan, Joseph. "Gibb Songs: 1984". Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  21. ^ a b Brennan, Joseph. "Gibb Songs: 1985". Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  22. ^ "Fake Beatles No. 1: A Blotto Bee Gee and His Pals Around with the Fab Four". WFMU'S BEWARE of the BLOG. 17 January 2008. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  23. ^ Brennan, Joseph. "Gibb Songs: 1970". Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  24. ^ Brennan, Joseph. "Gibb Songs: 1971". Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  25. ^ Brennan, Joseph. "Gibb Songs: 1972". Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  26. ^ Brennan, Joseph. "Gibb Songs: 1973". Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  27. ^ Brennan, Joseph. "Gibb Songs: 1978". Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  28. ^ Brennan, Joseph. "Gibb Songs: 1980". Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  29. ^ David Leaf, Bee Gees: / The Authorized Biography, 1979.
  30. ^ Album credits.
  31. ^ Melinda, Bilyeu, Hector Cook, Andrew Mon Hughes, The Bee Gees / Tales of the Brothers Gibb. London: Omnibus, 2001.
  32. ^ "Interview With the Bee Gees". CNN. 2 February 2002. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
  33. ^ a b c d e f Woman's Day Australia, 3 October 1992. "Maurice Gibb: Demon Drink", page 8.
  34. ^ Marion Adriaensen (25 November 1966). "History Part 4". Brothersgibb.org. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
  35. ^ "Maurice Gibb – Obituaries, News". The Independent. Retrieved 5 September 2011.
  36. ^ Maurice Gibb at IMDb
  37. ^ CandiottI, Susan (16 January 2003). "Gibb autopsy cites twisted intestine". CNN. Retrieved 22 December 2010.
  38. ^ D'Angelo, Joe. "Bee Gees Name To Be Retired, Robin Gibb Says". MTV. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
  39. ^ Michaels, Sean (8 September 2009). "Bee Gees to re-form for live comeback". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  40. ^ "Gibb died from kidney, liver failure". Toronto Sun. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
  41. ^ "Bee Gees raise questions over death of Maurice". Dailymail. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  42. ^ "Robin Gibb, 1949 - 2012". Mojo. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  43. ^ Joseph Brennan. "Gibb Songs: 2004".
  44. ^ Joseph Brennan. "Gibb Songs: 2005".
  45. ^ a b By Melinda Bilyeu, Hector Cook, Andrew Môn Hughes. The Bee Gees. Retrieved 6 December 2014.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  46. ^ "Bee Gees go back to their roots". BBC News. 12 May 2004. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  47. ^ Sandoval, Andrew. "Bee Gees - Idea at Album Liner Notes". Album Liner Notes. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
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