2018 Italian general election
 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All 630 seats of the Chamber of Deputies and all elective 315 seats of the Senate of the Republic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The next Italian general election is due to be held no later than 23 May 2018 (i.e. no later than the 70th day after the natural expiration of the current five-year term on 15 March 2018).[1][2]
Under the current Constitution, voters would elect 630 members of the Chamber of Deputies and 315 members of the Senate of the Republic for the 18th Parliament and for the Italian Prime Minister. A constitutional reform proposed by the government would see the Senate replaced in this election with an indirectly elected body, composed of 100 members: 95 selected from regional councils and 5 appointed by the President.[3] This reform was passed by the Chamber and Senate, but required approval in the 2016 constitutional referendum before it will enter into effect, but the reform was rejected in the referendum.[4][5]
After the failure of the constitutional referendum and Prime Minister Matteo Renzi's resignation, it is unclear as to whether an early election will be called by president Sergio Mattarella, or if the election will be held on schedule for May 23rd, 2018.
Background
At the 2013 general election neither of the two main coalitions, the centre-right led by Silvio Berlusconi and the centre-left led by Pier Luigi Bersani, won an outright majority in Parliament, partly due to the strong showing by the Five Star Movement (M5S).
After a failed attempt by Bersani, then-secretary of the Democratic Party (PD), to form a government during the final days of the first presidential term of Giorgio Napolitano, the re-elected President gave Enrico Letta, Bersani's deputy, the task of forming a grand coalition government. Letta eventually formed a cabinet composed of members of the PD, Berlusconi's The People of Freedom (PdL) – replaced by the New Centre-Right (NCD) in November 2013 –, Civic Choice (SC), the Union of the Centre (UdC), one member of the Italian Radicals and three independents.[6]
Following the election of Matteo Renzi as the new PD secretary in December 2013, there were persistent leadership tensions culminating in Letta's resignation as Prime Minister in February 2014. Renzi subsequently formed a cabinet composed of the same parties who had lately supported Letta, but in a new fashion[7] The new Prime Minister, who had a strong mandate from his party, was reinforced by two key events: the PD's strong showing in the European Parliament elections three months later and the election of Sergio Mattarella, a fellow Democrat, in the 2015 presidential election.
Since 2013 opinion polls (see below) have registered the PD's strength and a growth of the M5S, Lega Nord and Brothers of Italy, while emphasizing a decline of Forza Italia (the party which replaced the PdL in November 2013), the virtual disappearance of Civic Choice (SC), after Mario Monti stepped down as leader, and the replacement of Left Ecology Freedom with Italian Left and NCD–UdC with Popular Area.
New electoral system
A new electoral law, known as Italicum, was approved on 4 May 2015.[8]
The electoral system is based on party-lists representation and it has been applicable only to the Chamber of Deputies since 1 July 2016.
According to this new system, parties are not allowed to team up or form coalitions. A run-off ballot between the two largest parties decides which party gets a majority bonus, which should make sure the winning party's leader becomes prime minister with a governing majority. The majority bonus is assigned without a run-off only if the largest party reaches 40% in the first round. The country is divided into 20 electoral districts and these are subdivided into a total of 100 constituencies, each electing about 6 deputies. Voters can pick up a party list as well as the candidates, but not the ones at the top of the slates, who are automatically elected if their party wins a seat in their constituency. Each party must present its list in alternating gender order, and voter preferences must be given to a man and a woman in the interests of gender equity. An amendment, known as the "Erasmus amendment", made sure that Italian students studying abroad via the Erasmus Programme can vote.
Parties and leaders
This is a list of the main active parties, which would likely participate in the election and are polled in most opinion surveys.
| Party | Ideology | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|
| bgcolor="Template:Democratic Party (Italy)/meta/color" | | Democratic Party (PD) | Social democracy, Christian left | Matteo Renzi |
| bgcolor="Template:Five Star Movement/meta/color" | | Five Star Movement (M5S) | Populism, E-democracy | Beppe Grillo |
| bgcolor="Template:Forza Italia (2013)/meta/color" | | Forza Italia (FI) | Liberal conservatism, Christian democracy | Silvio Berlusconi |
| bgcolor="Template:Italian Left/meta/color" | | Italian Left (SI) | Democratic socialism, Social democracy | Nicola Fratoianni |
| bgcolor="Template:Popular Area/meta/color" | | Popular Area (AP) | Christian democracy, Social conservatism | Angelino Alfano |
| bgcolor="Template:Lega Nord/meta/color" | | Lega Nord (LN) | Regionalism, Populism | Matteo Salvini |
| bgcolor="Template:Brothers of Italy/meta/color" | | Brothers of Italy (FdI) | National conservatism, Nationalism | Giorgia Meloni |
Opinion polling
References
- ^ Constitution of Italy (Art. 60) (in Italian). 22 December 1947. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
- ^ Constitution of Italy (Art. 61) (in Italian). 22 December 1947. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
- ^ "Italian parties reach deal on Senate reform". Reuters. June 21, 2014. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
- ^ Politi, James (2015-10-13). "Renzi wins Senate victory over Italy's political gridlock". Financial Times. ISSN 0307-1766. Retrieved 2016-08-06.
- ^ "Italy's constitutional reform gets the green light from the Senate, the opposition leaves the floor". Italy’s constitutional reform gets the green light from the Senate, the opposition leaves the floor. Retrieved 2016-08-06.
- ^ Dionisi, Brenda (May 9, 2013). "It's a governissimo!". The Florentine. Retrieved September 24, 2013.
- ^ "Renzi: con 47, 8 anni di media, è il governo più giovane di sempre". Corriere Della Sera. 21 February 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- ^ Major election reform in Italy as parliament approves new law. The Telegraph. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
