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Palochka

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Cyrillic Palochka
The Cyrillic script
Slavic letters
АА̀А̂А̄ӒБВГ
ҐДЂЃЕЀЕ̄Е̂
ЁЄЖЗЗ́ЅИІ
ЇЍИ̂ӢЙЈК
ЛЉМНЊОО̀О̂
ŌӦПРСС́ТЋ
ЌУУ̀У̂ӮЎӰФ
ХЦЧЏШЩЪ
Ъ̀ЫЬѢЭЮЮ̀Я
Я̀
Non-Slavic letters
ӐА̊А̃Ӓ̄ӔӘӘ́Ә̃
ӚВ̌ԜГ̑Г̇Г̣Г̌Г̂
Г̆Г̈г̊ҔҒӺҒ̌
ғ̊ӶД́Д̌Д̈Д̣Д̆
ӖЕ̃Ё̄Є̈ԐԐ̈ҖӜ
ӁЖ̣ҘӞЗ̌З̣З̆Ӡ
И̃ӤҊҚӃҠҞҜ
К̣к̊қ̊ԚЛ́ӅԮ
ԒЛ̈ӍН́ӉҢԨ
ӇҤО̆О̃Ӧ̄ӨӨ̄Ө́
Ө̆ӪԤП̈Р̌ҎР̌С̌
ҪС̣С̱Т́Т̈Т̌Т̇Т̣
ҬУ̃ӲУ̊Ӱ̄ҰҮ
Ү́Х̣Х̱Х̮Х̑Х̌ҲӼ
х̊Ӿӿ̊ҺҺ̈ԦЦ̌Ц̈
ҴҶҶ̣ӴӋҸЧ̇
Ч̣ҼҾШ̣Ы̆Ы̄Ӹ
ҌҨЭ̆Э̄Э̇ӬӬ́
Ӭ̄Ю̆Ю̈Ю̄Я̆Я̄Я̈Ӏ
ʼˮ
Archaic or unused letters
А̨Б̀Б̣Б̱В̀Г̀Г̧
Г̄Г̓Г̆Ҕ̀Ҕ̆ԀД̓
Д̀Д̨ԂЕ̇Е̨
Ж̀Ж̑Џ̆
Ꚅ̆З̀З̑ԄԆ
ԪІ̂І̣І̨
Ј̵Ј̃К̓К̀К̆Ӄ̆
К̑К̇К̈К̄ԞК̂
Л̀ԠԈЛ̑Л̇Ԕ
М̀М̃Н̀Н̄Н̧
Н̃ԊԢН̡Ѻ
П̓П̀
П́ҦП̧П̑ҀԚ̆Р́
Р̀Р̃ԖС̀С̈ԌҪ̓
Т̓Т̀ԎТ̑Т̧
Ꚍ̆ОУУ̇
У̨ꙋ́Ф̑Ф̓Х́Х̀Х̆Х̇
Х̧Х̾Х̓һ̱ѠѼ
ѾЦ̀Ц́Ц̓Ꚏ̆
Ч́Ч̀Ч̆Ч̑Ч̓
ԬꚆ̆Ҽ̆Ш̀
Ш̆Ш̑Щ̆Ꚗ̆Ъ̄Ъ̈
Ъ̈̄Ы̂Ы̃Ѣ́Ѣ̈Ѣ̆
Э̨Э̂Ю̂
Я̈Я̂Я̨ԘѤѦѪ
ѨѬѮѰѲѴ
Ѷ

The palochka or palotchka (Ӏ ӏ; italics: Ӏ ӏ) (Russian: палочка, romanized: palochka, IPA: [ˈpɑɫət͡ɕkə], literally "a stick") is a letter in the Cyrillic script.[1] The letter usually has only a capital form, which is also used in lowercase text. The capital form of the palochka often looks like the capital form of the Cyrillic letter soft-dotted I (І і), the capital form of the Latin letter I (I i), and the lowercase form of the Latin letter L (L l).

The letter was introduced during the Cyrillization of the North-Caucasian languages in the late 1930s. To keep new orthographies compatible with Russian typewriters, many of the new alphabets contained only letters found in the Russian alphabet. Sounds absent in Russian were marked with digraphs and other letter combinations. The palochka was the only exception, and in practice in typewriting, the Arabo-European digit 1 was used instead. In fact, on Russian typewriters this character did not look like digit 1 but looked like a Roman numeral I with serifs. That is still common because the palochka is not present in most standard keyboard layouts (and, for some of them, not even the soft-dotted I) or common fonts and so cannot be easily entered or reliably displayed on many computer systems.

In the alphabets of the Caucasian languages Abaza, Adyghe, Avar, Dargwa, Ingush, Kabardian, Lak, Lezgian and Tabassaran, the palochka has no independent phonetic value but signals that the preceding consonant is an ejective. (An exception is the Abkhaz language, which does not use palochka for rendering ejectives.)

  • Example from Avar: кӏалъазе [kʼaˈɬaze], "to speak"

In Adyghe, Ingush and Kabardian, Palochka is also a glottal stop /ʔ/.

  • Example from Kabardian: елъэӏуащ [jaɬaˈʔʷaːɕ], "he asked her for something"

In Chechen, the palochka represents the voiced pharyngeal fricative /ʕ/.

  • Example from Chechen: кӏант [kʕant], "boy"

Computing codes

Character Ӏ ӏ
Unicode name CYRILLIC LETTER PALOCHKA CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PALOCHKA
Character encoding decimal hex decimal hex
Unicode code point 1216 U+04C0 1231 U+04CF
Numeric character reference Ӏ Ӏ ӏ ӏ
UTF-8 211, 128 0xD3, 0x80 211, 143 0xD3, 0x8F
The lowercase form of palochka was added to Unicode 5.0 in July 2006.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Cyrillic: Range: 0400–04FF" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Version 6.0. 2010. pp. 42, 43. Retrieved 2011-05-23.