Randall Davidson

The Right Reverend and Right Honourable

The Lord Davidson of Lambeth

GCVO PC
The Right Reverend and Right Honourable; The Lord Davidson of Lambeth; GCVO PC
Archbishop of Canterbury
	Randall Davidson, by Leslie Ward, 1901
Installed	1903
Predecessor	Frederick Temple
Successor	Cosmo Lang
Personal details
Born	Randall Thomas Davidson; 7 April 1848; Edinburgh
Died	25 May 1930 (aged 82); London
Spouse	Edith Tait

Randall Thomas Davidson, 1st Baron Davidson of Lambeth, GCVO, PC (7 April 1848 – 25 May 1930^[1]) was an Anglican bishop of Scottish origin who served as Archbishop of Canterbury from 1903 to 1928. Adrian Hastings said he was perhaps the most influential of the churchmen, because he was:

a man of remarkable balance of judgment, intellectual humility, sense of responsibility and capacity for work... His great sense of public moral responsibility gave him an influence and a position which were remarkable.^[2]

Background and education

Davidson was the son of Henry Davidson, a grain merchant, of Edinburgh and Henrietta, daughter of John Campbell Swinton of Kimmerghame; his parents were Scottish Presbyterians. His education was mostly in small private schools that he later described as unsatisfactory and long lamented his lack of proficiency in Latin and Greek. Later, he studied at Harrow, where Brooke Foss Westcott was his final year housemaster, and at Trinity College, Oxford. He graduated from Oxford in 1871 with a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) and received a Master of Arts (M.A.) in 1875.^[3]. In his final year of schooling,^[when?] he was involved in a shooting accident that threatened the loss of his leg. According to his own account, it was only much later in his life, after the discovery and use of X-ray technology, that it was found that a considerable number of shotgun pellets still remained in his body. The accident left him with a hernia and he was a lifelong truss wearer, this caused him continuous difficulty as the hernia regularly dropped, especially when he was preaching.^[3]

Ministry

He was ordained as a deacon in 1874, and was curate at Dartford, Kent, between 1874 and 1877. Davidson served as chaplain to Archibald Campbell Tait when Tait was Archbishop of Canterbury. He later married Tait's daughter. After Tait's death in 1882, Davidson remained at Lambeth Palace as chaplain to the succeeding Archbishop of Canterbury, Edward White Benson. A favourite of Queen Victoria, Davidson was appointed Dean of Windsor in 1883, when 35 years of age. The Queen relied on him for advice regarding church appointments. He was nominated, elected, and confirmed as Bishop of Rochester before his episcopal ordination by Archbishop Benson, on St Mark's day (25 April) 1891 at Westminster Abbey.^[4] He later served as Bishop of Winchester between 1895^[5] and 1903. Randall was also Clerk of the Closet from 1891 to 1903. As such, he played a major part in the funeral ceremonies for Queen Victoria in February 1901, taking care, along with James Reid, of the wake at Osborne House, Isle of Wight; and in the Coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra in August 1902. After taking part in the coronation, he was invested as a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) two days after the ceremony, on 11 August 1902.^[6]^[7]

Archbishop of Canterbury

Davidson was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury in 1903, succeeding Frederick Temple and remained in office until his resignation in 1928. He was the longest holder of the office since the English Reformation, being Archbishop for 25 years. He was also the first Archbishop of Canterbury to retire, all his predecessors having died in office. Roger Lloyd, Church of England historian, thought that Davidson was one of the two or three greatest Archbishops of Canterbury.

Davidson reacted to the papal bull Apostolicae curae by stressing "the strength and depth of the Protestantism of England" and regarded other differences with Rome as much more important than its views on Anglican orders.^[8] This view had been held at the time, judging from the reaction of Cardinal Herbert Vaughan, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Westminster.^[9]

In 1914 Davidson donated to a fund to help 'Germans, Austrians and Hungarians in distress' as they were classed as enemy aliens in Britain following the outbreak of World War One.^[10] On 25 October 1919 Davidson agreed to receive a delegation of the South African National Native Congress (later the African National Congress or ANC) led by Solomon Plaatje who came to England to petition the imperial government against the Natives Land Act, 1913 in South Africa. The meeting at Lambeth Palace was made possible by the intervention of The Rev John Harris, organising secretary of the Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection Society. Behind the scenes Harris was advised by Davidson that he "should wish it, however, to be perfectly clear that the interview has no official character, that it must be regarded as absolutely private, and that no account of it must appear in print.' This, Davidson clearly emphasised was to 'avoid any misunderstanding his position in such matters'. Davidson warned Harris in no uncertain words that he must not be expected to give an answer of any formal kind whatsoever. For the SANNC, the interview with Davidson was a great disappointment. Not only was Davidson pressed for time, but not in the least willing to speak out against the hardship brought about by the Natives Land Act.^[11]

Davidson presided over two Lambeth Conferences and was present at five of the first six, Bell's biography suggests that at least part of the reason for his resignation was his natural reluctance to face the work and worry of the seventh conference, eventually held in 1930. Davidson resigned after the Prayer Book revision failed to pass the House of Commons in 1928. As there was no procedure for resignation a commission of three bishops was hastily appointed to receive his letter of resignation and convey it to the King.

Honours

Davidson was appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) on 11 August 1902,^[7] a Privy Counsellor in 1903 and a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO) in 1904.^[12] Davidson was also awarded the Royal Victorian Chain for his service as Archbishop of Canterbury.

Personal life

Davidson married Edith, daughter of Archibald Campbell Tait, Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1878. They had no children. His nephew and godson was the poet Randall Swingler. He died in May 1930, aged 82, when his barony as Lord Davidson of Lambeth became extinct. His wife died in June 1936.^[3] Both are buried in the cloister garden at Canterbury Cathedral.

References

^ "Davidson, Randall Thomas, Baron Davidson of Lambeth". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/odnb/9780192683120.013.32733. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ Adrian Hastings, A History of English Christianity: 1920-1985 (1986) pp 60-61.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lundy, Darryl. "Most Rev. & Rt Hon. Randall Thomas Davidson, 1st Baron Davidson of Lambeth". thepeerage.com.^{[unreliable source]}
^ "Consecration of bishops". Church Times. No. 1475. 1 May 1891. p. 427. ISSN 0009-658X. Retrieved 26 December 2016 – via UK Press Online archives.
^ "The Life of Father Dolling" Osborne, C.E p 192: London, Edward Arnold, 1903
^ "Court Circular". The Times. No. 36844. London. 12 August 1902. p. 8. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
^ ^a ^b "No. 27467". The London Gazette. 22 August 1902. p. 5461.
^ Bell, G.K.A. (1935). Randall Davidson. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. p. 232.
^ Lloyd, Roger. The Church of England 1900–1965. London: SCM.
^ van Emden, Richard (2013). Meeting the Enemy: The Human Face of the Great War. A&C Black. ISBN 978-1-4088-3981-2.
^ Van Diemel, Raymond (2001). In search of 'freedom, fair play and justice': Josiah Tshangana Gumede, 1867-1947 : a biography. R. van Diemel. ISBN 978-0-620-28054-9.
^ "No. 27645". The London Gazette. 12 February 1904. p. 940.

External links

Church of England titles
Preceded by George Connor	Dean of Windsor 1883–1891	Succeeded by Philip Eliot
Preceded by Anthony Thorold	Bishop of Rochester 1891–1895	Succeeded by Edward Talbot
Preceded by Anthony Thorold	Bishop of Winchester 1895–1903	Succeeded by Herbert Ryle
Preceded by Frederick Temple	Archbishop of Canterbury 1903–1928	Succeeded by Cosmo Gordon Lang
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation	Baron Davidson of Lambeth 1928–1930	Extinct

[1] "Davidson, Randall Thomas, Baron Davidson of Lambeth". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/odnb/9780192683120.013.32733. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[2] Adrian Hastings, A History of English Christianity: 1920-1985 (1986) pp 60-61.

[thepeerage.com-3] Lundy, Darryl. "Most Rev. & Rt Hon. Randall Thomas Davidson, 1st Baron Davidson of Lambeth". thepeerage.com.^{[unreliable source]}

[4] "Consecration of bishops". Church Times. No. 1475. 1 May 1891. p. 427. ISSN 0009-658X. Retrieved 26 December 2016 – via UK Press Online archives.

[5] "The Life of Father Dolling" Osborne, C.E p 192: London, Edward Arnold, 1903

[6] "Court Circular". The Times. No. 36844. London. 12 August 1902. p. 8. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)

[LG27467-7] "No. 27467". The London Gazette. 22 August 1902. p. 5461.

[8] Bell, G.K.A. (1935). Randall Davidson. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. p. 232.

[9] Lloyd, Roger. The Church of England 1900–1965. London: SCM.

[Emden2013-10] van Emden, Richard (2013). Meeting the Enemy: The Human Face of the Great War. A&C Black. ISBN 978-1-4088-3981-2.

[Diemel2001-11] Van Diemel, Raymond (2001). In search of 'freedom, fair play and justice': Josiah Tshangana Gumede, 1867-1947 : a biography. R. van Diemel. ISBN 978-0-620-28054-9.

[12] "No. 27645". The London Gazette. 12 February 1904. p. 940.

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v t e Bishops of Rochester
Pre-Conquest	Justus Romanus Paulinus of York Ithamar Damianus Putta Cwichelm Gebmund Tobias Aldwulf Dunn Eardwulf Diora Waermund (I) Beornmod Tatnoth Badenoth Waermund (II) Cuthwulf Swithwulf Ceolmund Cyneferth Burgric Beorhtsige Ælfstan Godwine (I) Godwine (II) Siward
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Post-Reformation	John Hilsey Nicholas Heath Henry Holbeach Nicholas Ridley John Ponet John Scory Maurice Griffith Edmund Allen Edmund Gheast Edmund Freke John Piers John Young William Barlow Richard Neile John Buckeridge Walter Curle John Bowle John Warner Episcopacy abolished (Commonwealth) John Warner John Dolben Francis Turner Thomas Sprat Francis Atterbury Samuel Bradford Joseph Wilcocks Zachary Pearce John Thomas Samuel Horsley Thomas Dampier Walker King Hugh Percy George Murray Joseph Wigram Thomas Legh Claughton Anthony Thorold Randall Davidson Edward Talbot John Harmer Linton Smith Christopher Chavasse David Say Michael Turnbull Michael Nazir-Ali James Langstaff Jonathan Gibbs

v t e Archbishops of Canterbury
List of archbishops of Canterbury
Pre-Conquest	Augustine Laurence Mellitus Justus Honorius Deusdedit Wighard Theodore of Tarsus Berhtwald Tatwine Nothhelm Cuthbert Bregowine Jænberht Æthelhard Wulfred Feologild Ceolnoth Æthelred Plegmund Athelm Wulfhelm Oda Ælfsige Byrhthelm Dunstan Æthelgar Sigeric Ælfric of Abingdon Ælfheah Lyfing Æthelnoth Eadsige Robert of Jumièges Stigand
Conquest to Reformation	Lanfranc Anselm Ralph d'Escures William de Corbeil Theobald of Bec Thomas Becket Roger de Bailleul Richard of Dover Baldwin of Forde Reginald Fitz Jocelin Hubert Walter Reginald John de Gray Stephen Langton Walter d'Eynsham Richard le Grant Ralph Neville John of Sittingbourne John Blund Edmund of Abingdon Boniface William Chillenden Robert Kilwardby Robert Burnell John Peckham Robert Winchelsey Thomas Cobham Walter Reynolds Simon Mepeham John de Stratford John de Ufford Thomas Bradwardine Simon Islip William Edington Simon Langham William Whittlesey Simon Sudbury William Courtenay Thomas Arundel Roger Walden Thomas Arundel Henry Chichele John Stafford John Kemp Thomas Bourchier John Morton Thomas Langton Henry Deane William Warham Thomas Cranmer Reginald Pole
Post-Reformation	Matthew Parker Edmund Grindal John Whitgift Richard Bancroft George Abbot William Laud Episcopacy abolished (Commonwealth) William Juxon Gilbert Sheldon William Sancroft John Tillotson Thomas Tenison William Wake John Potter Thomas Herring Matthew Hutton Thomas Secker Frederick Cornwallis John Moore Charles Manners-Sutton William Howley John Bird Sumner Charles Longley Archibald Campbell Tait Edward White Benson Frederick Temple Randall Davidson Cosmo Lang William Temple Geoffrey Fisher Michael Ramsey Donald Coggan Robert Runcie George Carey Rowan Williams Justin Welby
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17th century	Richard Neile William Juxon Matthew Wren Richard Steward Gilbert Sheldon John Earle John Dolben Walter Blandford Nathaniel Crew Thomas Sprat Sir Edward Petre John Tillotson Thomas Burnet John Montagu
18th century	William Graham Samuel Pratt Charles Trimnell Richard Willis Henry Egerton Joseph Butler John Gilbert John Thomas William Buller Richard Hurd
19th century	William Jackson George Pelham Robert Carr Edward Stanley John Graham Henry Philpott Randall Davidson
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