Rheidae

Rheids; Temporal range: Miocene-Holocene 15–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Possible Paleocene range
	Greater rhea, Rhea americana
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Infraclass:	Palaeognathae
Clade:	Notopalaeognathae
Order:	Rheiformes; Forbes, 1884
Family:	Rheidae; Bonaparte, 1849
Type species
	Rhea americana; Linnaeus, 1758
Genera
	†Opisthodactylidae; Rheidae;

Rheidae is a family of flightless ratite birds which first unambiguously appeared during the Miocene epoch. It is today represented by the sole living genus Rhea, but also contains several extinct genera.^[2]

Taxonomy

Rheiformes Forbes 1884^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

†Opisthodactylidae Ameghino 1895
- ?†Diogenornis fragilis de Alvarenga 1983 (Late Paleocene) – possibly a member of Casuariiformes instead.^[7]
- †Opisthodactylus Ameghino 1895 (Miocene) – rheid?
  - †O. patagonicus Ameghino 1895
  - †O. horacioperezi Agnolin & Chafrat 2015
Rheidae Bonaparte 1853
- †Protorhea azarae Moreno & Mercerat 1891
- †Heterorhea dabbenei Rovereto 1914 (Pliocene)
- †Hinasuri nehuensis Tambussi 1995
- Rhea Brisson 1760 [Rhea Moehring 1758 nomen dubium; Pterocnemia Gray 1870; Toujou Lacépède 1801; Tujus Rafinesque 1815]
  - †R. fossilis Moreno & Mercerat 1891
  - †R. mesopotamica (Agnolín & Noriega 2012) [Pterocnemia mesopotamica Agnolín & Noriega 2012]
  - †R. pampeana Moreno & Mercerat 1891
  - †R. subpampeana Moreno & Mercerat 1891
  - R. americana (Linnaeus 1758) [Struthio americanus Linnaeus 1758; Struthio camelus americanus (Linnaeus 1758); Rhea albescens Lynch & Holmberg 1878; Rhea rothschildi Brabourne & Chubb 1911; Struthio rhea; Rhea nandua; Rhea macrorhyncha Sclater] (Greater Rhea)
    - R. a. albescens Lynch & Holmberg 1878 [Rhea albescens Lynch & Holmberg 1878; Rhea americana rothschildi (Brabourne & Chubb 1919); Rhea rothschildi Brabourne & Chubb 1919] (Argentine rhea)
    - R. a. americana (Linnaeus 1758) [Struthio camelus americanus (Linnaeus 1758); Struthio rhea; Rhea nandua; Rhea nandu; Rhea americana macrorhyncha Sclater; Rhea macrorhyncha Sclater] (American rhea)
    - R. a. araneipes Brodkorb 1938
    - R. a. intermedia Rothschild & Chubb 1914 (intermediate rhea)
    - R. a. nobilis Brodkorb 1939
  - R. pennata d'Orbigny 1834 [Rhea darwinii Gould 1837; Pterocnemia pennata (d'Orbigny 1834); Pterocnemia darwinii (Gould 1837); Rhea nana Lyddekker 1894; Struthio darwinii (Gould 1837); Pterocnemia tarapacensis Chubb 1913] (Lesser Rhea)
    - R. p. pennata d'Orbigny 1834 [Pterocnemia pennata pennata (d'Orbigny 1834); Rhea americana darwinii (Gould 1837); Pterocnemis darwinii (Gould 1837); Pterocnemia darwinii (Gould 1837); Struthio darwinii (Gould 1837)] (Darwin's lesser Rhea)
    - R. p. garleppi (Chubb 1913) [Pterocnemia tarapacensis garleppi Chubb 1913; Pterocnemia pennata garleppi (Chubb 1913); Rhea tarapacensis garleppi (Chubb 1913)] (Garlepp's rhea)
    - R. p. tarapacensis (Chubb 1913) [Pterocnemia tarapacensis Chubb 1913; Pterocnemia pennata tarapacensis (Chubb 1913); Rhea tarapacensis tarapacensis (Chubb 1913); Pterocnemia tarapacensis tarapacensis Chubb 1913] (Tarapacá/Puna Rhea)

References

^ Brands, Sheila (August 14, 2008). "Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Family Rheidae". Project: The Taxonomicon. Retrieved Feb 4, 2009.
^ Mayr, G. (2009). Paleogene fossil birds. Springer.
^ Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "PALEOGNATHIA - paleognathous modern birds". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved 30 December 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)
^ "Taxonomic lists- Aves". Paleofile.com (net, info). Retrieved 30 December 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)
^ "Part 7- Vertebrates". Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement. Retrieved 30 June 2016. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)
^ Çınar, Ümüt (November 2015). "01 → Pᴀʟᴇᴏɢɴᴀᴛʜᴀᴇ : Sᴛʀᴜᴛʜɪᴏɴɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Rʜᴇɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Cᴀsᴜᴀʀɪɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Aᴘᴛᴇʀʏɢɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Aᴇᴘʏᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Dɪɴᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Lɪᴛʜᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Tɪɴᴀᴍɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs & Rᴇfᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇs". English Names of Birds. Retrieved 30 December 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
^ H. Alvarenga, Diogenornis fragilis Alvarenga, 1985, restudied: a South American ratite closely related to Casuariidae, 2010

[SN-1] Brands, Sheila (August 14, 2008). "Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Family Rheidae". Project: The Taxonomicon. Retrieved Feb 4, 2009.

[mayr2009-2] Mayr, G. (2009). Paleogene fossil birds. Springer.

[mikko-3] Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "PALEOGNATHIA - paleognathous modern birds". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved 30 December 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)

[4] "Taxonomic lists- Aves". Paleofile.com (net, info). Retrieved 30 December 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)

[5] "Part 7- Vertebrates". Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement. Retrieved 30 June 2016. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)

[6] Çınar, Ümüt (November 2015). "01 → Pᴀʟᴇᴏɢɴᴀᴛʜᴀᴇ : Sᴛʀᴜᴛʜɪᴏɴɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Rʜᴇɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Cᴀsᴜᴀʀɪɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Aᴘᴛᴇʀʏɢɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Aᴇᴘʏᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Dɪɴᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Lɪᴛʜᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Tɪɴᴀᴍɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs & Rᴇfᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇs". English Names of Birds. Retrieved 30 December 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)

[7] H. Alvarenga, Diogenornis fragilis Alvarenga, 1985, restudied: a South American ratite closely related to Casuariidae, 2010

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