Jump to content

European Union roaming regulations

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Roaming Regulation)
Not to be confused with European Union international calls regulations or Regional Roaming Agreement.

Regulation 2022/612
European Union regulation
Text with EEA relevance
TitleRegulation (EU) 2022/612
Made byEuropean Parliament & Council
Journal reference[1]
Other legislation
ReplacesRegulation 531/2012
Current legislation

The Roaming Regulation 2022 ((EU) 2022/612) bans roaming charges (Eurotariff) within the European Economic Area (EEA), which consists of the member states of the European Union, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. This regulates both the charges mobile network operator can impose on its subscribers for using telephone and data services outside of the network's member state, and the wholesale rates networks can charge each other to allow their subscribers access to each other's networks. The 2012 Regulation was recast in 2022.

Since 2007, the roaming regulations have steadily lowered the maximum roaming charges allowable. In December 2016, the representatives of the Member States voted to abolish all roaming charges by June 2017[1] which eventually led to the abolition of all roaming charges for temporary roaming within the EEA as of 15 June 2017.

Provisions regulating roaming charges are contained in several regulations: Regulation No 531/2012[2] on roaming on public mobile communications networks within the Union, Regulation 2015/2120[3] and Regulation 2017/920[4] amending it, as well as Regulation 2016/2286[5] laying down detailed rules on the application of the fair use policy and Regulation 2021/2228[6] setting the weighted average of maximum mobile termination rates. As regards rules for wholesale roaming market, these are amended by Regulation 2017/920.[7] Originally due to expire after 30 June 2022, a 10-year extension was agreed upon in April 2022. The current roaming regulation expires after 30 June 2032.[8]

Research shows that the ban on roaming charges in 2017 more than doubled mobile data usage among travelers and led to a total consumer surplus of €2 billion within the first six months of implementation. The ban was likely overall welfare improving, as consumer gains exceeded the losses incurred by mobile network operators.[9]

History

[edit]

Background

[edit]

The European Commission has often raised the issue of high roaming charges within the European Union. In October 2005, the European Commission launched a consumer website on roaming tariffs in order to highlight the issue, which included €12 for a 4-minute call.

In 2006, when high roaming charge rates persisted the Commission proposed to intervene in the market by setting maximum rates at which mobile network operators could charge their subscribers. The proposed regulation was approved by the European Parliament and by the Council of Ministers, and came into law in June 2007. It required capping of retail and wholesale voice roaming charges from 30 August 2007, unless a special roaming tariff applied. The maximum prices was set to decrease further in 2008 and 2009. The regulation also required that customers travelling to another member state would receive a text message of the charges that apply for roaming services.[10] Originally the capping measures were introduced on a temporary basis and were due to expire on 30 June 2010.[11]

The law was amended in 2009 based on a review carried out under the 2007 regulation. The expiry date of the 2007 regulation was extended to 30 June 2012 and was extended to text messages and data roaming. It also provided for further annual reductions in the price capping until the expiry of the regulation and for compulsory per-second billing after 30 seconds for calls made, and per-second billing throughout for calls received.

Having still found that market conditions did not justify lifting the capping of roaming within the EEA, the EU replaced the law in 2012. Under the 2012 regulation retail roaming capping charges expired in 2017[12] and wholesale capping charges expired in 2022.[13]

Roam like at home (RLAH)

[edit]

In 2013 the Commission proposed to establish a single market for electronic communications within the Union and to abolish roaming charges.[14] The proposal was approved by the European Parliament on 3 April 2014, by a margin of 534 votes to 25. As drafted it would have ended roaming charges from 15 December 2015.[15] The Council of the European Union has to approve legislation before it can take effect,[16] and ended up rejecting the specifics of the proposed legislation.

Regulation (EU) 2015/2120 which was adopted on 25 November 2015 provided for the phased reduction of roaming charges within the European Union. As a transitional measure, from May 2016 the existing price capping for roaming within the EEA was replaced by a maximum surcharge for roaming services which may be charged in addition to domestic charges.[17] This however would not increase the cost of roaming for customers whose domestic rates plus the surcharge resulted in a higher price than the existing price caps.[18] It reduced the charges for consumers with lower domestic prices or who pay for monthly allowances for using a particular service.

The Regulation also required the commission to submit a report to the European Parliament by June 2016 along with proposed legislative for regulation of the wholesale roaming market within the EU with a view to eliminating the transitional roaming surcharges by June 2017.[19] Following the proposal made by the commission, the European Parliament and Member States reached an agreement on 31 January 2017 to set the subsequent wholesale roaming caps from 15 June 2017:[20]

  • €0.032 per min of voice call,
  • €0.01 per SMS message,
  • A step by step reduction over 5 years for data caps decreasing from €7.7/GB (on 15 June 2017) to €6/GB (01/01/2018), €4.5/GB (01/01/2019), €3.5/GB (01/01/2020), €3/GB (01/01/2021) and €2.5/GB (01/01/2022)

On 8 February 2017 member states' ambassadors endorsed the deal on wholesale caps that put an end to retail mobile roaming charges in the EU on 15 June 2017.[21]

Fair use policy

[edit]

To prevent misuse (i.e. cheaper tariffs available in the western members to be used constantly in the eastern members where tariffs are higher) a fair-use policy was mandated which would allow EEA citizens to use their phones while roaming without extra charges for business and leisure, but would still limit the use to prevent misuse and extra costs to mobile operators.

5 September 2016 proposal (retracted)

The initial proposal for a fair use policy was published on 5 September 2016. It would have limited the amount of free roaming to 90 days in a calendar year and a maximum of 30 consecutive days, after which regulated roaming charges (now in force) would apply. Registering in your home network on a given day would not count that day towards the limit. The proposal also stated that "the customer should nevertheless be able to consume volumes of such services equivalent to at least the average volume consumed domestically by the customers of the tariff plan in question", preventing operators from setting low call/data limits.

However, the proposal was hastily withdrawn just a couple of days after being published. Only a note on the commission's web site remained: "An initial draft was published on 5.9.2016. The Commission services have, on the instruction of President Juncker, withdrawn the draft and are working on a new version"[22]).

The proposal was also slammed by the telco lobbyists (GSMA & ETNO) claiming it would have been "..too complex to implement and unclear for consumers." They were inclined to set the cap lower, believing a "30 consecutive days granted to each consumer within the proposal would have already covered 100% of the needs of the vast majority of European citizens." Also, legal concerns were cited stating that "In Denmark, for example, the maximum length of a contract is six months, so customers would have been able to 'reset' their roaming allowance twice a year."

Finally, it was suggested to come up with a new proposal that would be "easy to execute, and effectively prevent arbitrage and distortions on domestic markets" and warning by quoting the Commission that "Otherwise, network quality and investments in new capacity in some Member States could be affected".[23]

21 September 2016 Press release

A press release issued on 21 September (IP/16/3111[24]) reaffirmed the end of roaming charges in the EU by 2017 stating that "there should be no limits in terms of timing or volume imposed on consumers when using their mobile devices abroad in the EU." The new mechanism, although not defined in detail, "will be based on principle of residence or stable links European consumers may have with any EU Member State." (note the "any" – meaning multiple countries). A stable link is defined as: "work commuters, expats who are frequently present in their home country or Erasmus students." The final proposal was set to be published by 15 December 2016 following feedback from BEREC, Member States and all interested parties.

Consequences

[edit]

As mobile operators still have to pay for wholesale charges when subscribers are roaming on other EEA networks, some operators have increased their subscription prices. In Norway, prices increased by 66% when RLAH was introduced.[25] The same argument was being used by Danish operators. In Denmark several operators increased monthly subscription prices by 10–20 DKK.[26]

Swedish operator Comviq removed roaming services on its plan "Fastpris mini" 15 June 2017.[27] The operator Hallon is doing the same to its smallest plan "LITEN" starting 1 October 2017.[28] In Denmark, operator Telmore introduced "TELMORE Home" without roaming services, even when travelling to countries outside the EEA.[29] Vodafone UK introduced "UK-only plans" that disallow roaming altogether.[30] This is possible because, while the Regulation disallows operators from charging extra for roaming when available, it does not force them to make roaming available in the first place.

Mobile operators in the EEA are also using "loopholes" in the Regulation to retain roaming charges. Operators can continue to impose surcharges if they can substantiate to the national regulators that they are unable to recover their "actual or projected costs" of providing roaming services.[31]

AGcom, the Italian communications regulator has told Italian operators Vodafone, Telecom Italia and Lycamobile they must comply with all aspects of the roaming regulations, as they believed some features were not being universally applied.[32] In Sweden, the Swedish Post and Telecom Authority has started investigating whether Comviq is in compliance with the roaming regulations. For prepaid cards, Comviq requires customers to top up an "EU package" costing approximately twice as much as a domestic one.[33] O2 UK has admitted it temporarily throttled roaming speeds across Europe following the abolition of roaming charges.[34]

Since Roam like at home was introduced, Telenor Norway have experienced a 150–200 % increase in data usage compared with the same period in 2016. The operator introduced free roaming in the EEA for most of its subscription plans in 2016, and from February 2016 to February 2017 data usage while roaming in the EEA increased by 900 percent.[35] Telenor Sweden reports a 1500 % increase in data usage while roaming in the EEA.[36]

Non-roaming charges for international calls/texts

[edit]
Main article: European Union international calls regulations

The European Union roaming regulations only regulate prices while the user is roaming. In 2013, the European commission proposed to regulate intra-EEA international calls, but it was rejected by the European Parliament and Council.[37]

In 2018, the EU Parliament and Council (EU co-legislators) provisionally agreed on a reform of EU telecom rules. According to the provisional deal, the fees for intra-EU calls are capped to 19 cents for phone calls and 6 cents for text messages by 2019. Once the Parliament and the Council approve the provisional deal, Member States will have two years to transpose the Electronic Communications Code into national law.[38][39]

According to Regulation (EU) 2018/1971 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018, any retail price (excluding VAT) charged to retail consumers for regulated intra-EU communications shall, starting 15 May 2019, not exceed:[40]

  • €0.19 per minutes of voice call,
  • €0.06 per SMS message.

Business users in some Member States continue to pay the "original" international call rates of up to €1 per minute.[41]

Territorial extent

[edit]
European Union and the European Economic Area

European Union roaming regulations apply to the 30 members of the European Economic Area; the 27 members of the EU and their outermost regions[42] plus three EFTA member states Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. The EU countries have applied the roaming regulation since 30 August 2007 while the remaining EEA countries have applied it since 1 January 2008.

On 7 June 2017, Boris Larochevitch, Head of Division of the Eastern Partnership, Regional Cooperation and OSCE – European External Action Service, told Georgia's Public Broadcaster that the EU plans to abolish roaming fees for the six members of the Eastern Partnership; Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Moldova, and Belarus by 2020.[43] EU4Digital team stated that Regional Roaming Agreement will gradually reduce roaming prices within the Eastern partner countries. By the end of 2026, retail prices of roaming services for citizens of the signatory countries are expected to be reduced by 87%.[44]

At the Sofia summit in May 2018, Western Balkan countries agreed to reduce roaming costs among themselves, and the EU pledged to develop a roadmap to reduce the roaming costs between the EU and the countries in the Western Balkans; Albania, Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia.[45] In Skopje on 18 February 2019, European Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society, Mariya Gabriel confirmed that once the Western Balkans reaches the new agreement on roaming prices among its economies, the EU stands ready for the reduction of tariffs between the WB and the EU.[46] On 4 April 2019, at the 2nd Western Balkans Digital Summit in Belgrade, the Western Balkan Ministers for Telecommunications signed the Regional Roaming Agreement which would gradually remove all roaming costs in the region. The agreement came into effect on 1 July 2019, enabling significantly lower roaming charges in the Western Balkans.[47] Since 1 July 2021, all roaming tariffs have been removed, meaning no surcharge to the domestic retail price for calls, SMS & data while roaming in Western Balkans, similar to the concept of "Roam like at Home".[48][49][50] The gradual reduction of the roaming costs between Western Balkans and European Economic Area started 2023, which will eventually lead to a roaming free zone beyond the EEA's borders in 2027.[51]

Areas not covered

[edit]

The regulations do not apply to areas which are connected to member states but are outside the EU. Saint Martin, an overseas collectivity of France which is part of the EU and has free roaming for EU phones, while in Sint Maarten, a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the other half of the Caribbean island, prices are high,[citation needed] as it is not part of the EU.

The last member state of EFTA, Switzerland, is not party to the EEA agreement, and is instead linked to the EU by a series of bilateral agreements. Despite close relations with the EU in several fields, the regulations do not apply to Switzerland.[citation needed] Monaco, Andorra and San Marino have cooperation with the EU, like usage of the euro, but not free roaming.[citation needed]

The United Kingdom left the EU in the end of January 2020.[52] In accordance with the Brexit withdrawal agreement, free roaming was kept during a transition period ending on 31 December 2020. Free roaming UK–EU its no longer guaranteed[53][54][55] as the regulations are contained within a European regulation and not a directive, and have not been incorporated into UK law.[56] However, some UK mobile providers, such as O2 and Virgin Mobile have continued to allow free roaming for British residents in the EEA after the end of the Brexit transition period.[57]

Prices

[edit]

Common limits

[edit]

All roaming charges for temporary roaming were abolished on 15 June 2017 (fair-use rules apply). The tariffs covering the period from 30 April 2016 are maximum surcharges to the price paid in the home network.[58]

In force from 30 Aug 2007[a] 30 Aug 2008 1 Jul 2009 1 Jul 2010 1 Jul 2011 1 Jul 2012 1 Jul 2013 1 Jul 2014 30 Apr 2016 15 Jun 2017[b] 1 Jan 2018 1 Jan 2019 1 Jan 2020 1 Jan 2021 1 Jan 2022 1 Jul 2022[c] 1 Jan 2023 1 Jan 2024 1 Jan 2025 1 Jan 2026 1 Jan 2027
In force until 29 Aug 2008 30 Jun 2009 30 Jun 2010 30 Jun 2011 30 Jun 2012 30 Jun 2013 30 Jun 2014 29 Apr 2016 14 Jun 2017 31 Dec 2017 31 Dec 2018 31 Dec 2019 31 Dec 2020 31 Dec 2021 31 Jun 2022 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2023 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2026 31 Dec 2032
Service Unit Subscription limit details Roaming limits in EEA countries
(all the prices are in euro without VAT)[65][66][67][68][69]
Retail caps (apply to subscribers)
Outgoing calls to any EEA number price of 1 minute within fair usage limit 0.49 0.46 0.43 0.39 0.35 0.29 0.24 0.19 home network local rate + 0.05 home network local rate[d]
outside fair usage limit home network local rate + 0.032 home network local rate + 0.022 home network local rate + 0.019
billing interval any Not regulated per second starting from 31st second home network local billing interval
Incoming calls from any number price of 1 minute within fair usage limit 0.24 0.22 0.19 0.15 0.11 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.0114 Free
outside fair usage limit 0.0108 0.0091 0.0085[e][70] 0.0079[71][72] 0.0076[71][73] 0.0072[74][6] 0.0055 0.004 0.002
billing interval any Not regulated per second starting from 1st second home network local billing interval
Incoming calls redirected to voice mail[f] price of 1 minute any 0.73 0.68 0.62 Free
Outgoing text message to any EEA number price of 1 message within fair usage limit Not regulated 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.06 home network local rate + 0.02 home network local rate[g]
outside fair usage limit home network local rate + 0.01 home network local rate + 0.004 home network local rate + 0.003
Incoming text message from any number price of 1 message any Not regulated Free
Data transfer price of 1 gigabyte within fair usage limit[h] Not regulated 716.80 460.80 204.80 home network rate + 51.20 deducted from included data (internet) limit
outside fair usage limit[i] 7.70 6.00 4.50 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.80 1.55 1.30 1.10 1.00
billing interval any Not regulated per 1 kilobyte starting from 1st kilobyte home network billing interval
monthly default cut-off limit any Not regulated 50.00
Right to choose an alternative roaming provider (ARP)[j][75] any Not regulated Yes Not regulated
Default notification text message with roaming prices and information any Not regulated Yes
Free number to call for detailed roaming and information information any Not regulated Yes
Free '112' access in roaming any Not regulated Yes
Wholesale caps (Operator to Operator)[7]
Outgoing calls to any EEA number price of 1 minute any 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.22 0.18 0.14 0.10 0.05 0.032 0.022 0.019
billing interval any Not regulated per second starting from 31st second
Inbound calls price of 1 minute any same as termination of a non-roaming call on the visited network, see Termination rates.[k] 0.0108[77] 0.0091[l][78][79] 0.0085[m][80][81] 0.0079[72] 0.0076[73] 0.0072[6] 0.0055 0.004 0.002
Outgoing text message to any EEA number price of 1 message any Not regulated 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.004 0.003
Incoming text message from any number any Not regulated Free
Data transfer price of 1 gigabyte any Not regulated 1024.00 819.20 512.00 256.00 153.60 51.20 7.70 6.00 4.50 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.80 1.55 1.30 1.10 1.00
billing interval any Not regulated per 1 kilobyte starting from 1st kilobyte
Right to use other operators' networks in other Member States at regulated wholesale prices[75] any Not regulated Yes
Legend Past
Active
Future
  1. ^ For Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway listed conditions came in force from 1 January 2008.
  2. ^ Implementation of the "Roam like at Home" rules. All roaming charges for temporary roaming were abolished on 15 June 2017[59]
  3. ^ New roaming regulation with additional rules entered into force on 1 July 2022, extending RLAH until 2032.[60][61][62][63][64]
  4. ^ deducted from included national minutes, if minutes are available in the price plan
  5. ^ from 3 January 2019
  6. ^ When incoming calls are redirected to voice mail, operators can charge for message recording as much as a sum of their tariffs for incoming calls and outgoing calls back to home country. Beginning on 1 July 2010 operators cannot charge their roaming customers for the receipt by them of a roaming voice mail message. Listening to such messages could still be charged as an outgoing call in the future.
  7. ^ deducted from included national messages, if messages are available in the price plan
  8. ^ for price plans that include national data transfer (internet) service, before reaching included data limit
  9. ^ for price plans that include national data transfer (internet) service, after reaching included data limit AND price plans that do not include national data transfer (internet) service (e.g. prepaid plans)
  10. ^ Customer would have the option to sign for roaming contract, separate from national mobile services, while keeping the same phone number and SIM card.
  11. ^ The visited network charges the same rate as it would charge for termination of a non-roaming call. This practice was already required by national regulators before the EU roaming regulations were implemented, so it is outside of the scope of this regulation.[76]
  12. ^ from 3 January 2018
  13. ^ from 3 January 2019

Local price limits

[edit]

For services paid for in currencies other than the euro, the amount in euro is converted to the other currency using the reference rates published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJoEU). After the adoption of EU regulation 531/2012[67] the retail exchange rate to be used for the relevant year should be calculated by taking the average of the reference exchange rates published in the OJoEU on 1 March, 1 April and 1 May of that year, with the new exchange rate coming into force on 1 July of that year. The wholesale exchange rate however is taken from only the rate published on 1 May of that year.

From 1 July 2021 the maximum surcharges on retail prices (when not covered by roam like at home, such as when the fair-use policy hits in), including VAT, are as follows in local currencies (data prices are updated 1 January every year):

Country VAT Currency Outgoing call
to any EEA number 		Inbound call Outgoing text message
to any EEA number 		Data transfer (/GB)
 Austria 20% EUR
 Belgium 21% EUR
 Bulgaria 20% BGN
 Croatia 25% EUR
 Cyprus 19% EUR
 Czechia 21% CZK
 Denmark 25% DKK
 Estonia 20% EUR
 Finland 24% EUR
 France 20% EUR
 Germany 19% EUR
 Greece 24% EUR
 Hungary 27% HUF
 Iceland 24% ISK
 Ireland 23% EUR
 Italy 22% EUR
 Latvia 21% EUR
 Liechtenstein 7.7% CHF
 Lithuania 21% EUR
 Luxembourg 17% EUR
 Malta 18% EUR
 Netherlands 21% EUR
 Norway 25% NOK
 Poland 23% PLN
 Portugal 23% EUR
 Romania 19% RON
 Slovakia 20% EUR
 Slovenia 22% EUR
 Spain 21% EUR
 Sweden 25% SEK
Historical price limits from 1 July 2017
Country VAT Currency Outgoing call
to any EEA number 		Inbound call Outgoing text message
to any EEA number 		Data transfer (/GB)
 Austria 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0129 0.012 7.2
 Bulgaria 20% BGN 0.0751 0.0253 0.02347 14.0817
 Belgium 21% EUR 0.0387 0.0130 0.0121 7.26
 Croatia 25% HRK 7.4365 0.1005 0.0930 55.8495
 Cyprus 19% EUR 0.0380 0.0128 0.011 7.14
 Czech Republic 21% CZK 1.0447 0.3525 0.3264 195.8835
 Denmark 25% DKK 0.2974 0.1003 0.0929 55.77
 Estonia 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0129 0.012 7.2
 Finland 24% EUR 0.0396 0.01233 0.0124 9.548
 France 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0129 0.012 7.2
 Germany 19% EUR 0.0380 0.0128 0.011 7.14
 Greece 24% EUR 0.0396 0.01233 0.0124 7.44
 Hungary 27% HUF 12.5723 4.2431 3.9288 2357.2927
 Iceland 24% ISK N/A[a] N/A[a] N/A[a] N/A[a]
 Ireland 23% EUR 0.0393 0.0132 0.0123 7.38
 Italy 22% EUR 0.0390 0.0131 0.0122 7.32
 Latvia 21% EUR 0.0387 0.0130 0.0121 7.26
 Liechtenstein 8% CHF 0.0370 0.0125 0.0115 6.9543
 Lithuania 21% EUR 0.0387 0.0130 0.0121 7.26
 Luxembourg 17% EUR 0.0374 0.0126 0.011 7.02
 Malta 18% EUR 0.0377 0.0127 0.0118 7.08
 Netherlands 21% EUR 0.0387 0.0130 0.0121 7.26
 Norway 25% NOK 0.3655 0.1233 0.1142 68.5387
 Poland 23% PLN 0.1672 0.0546 0.0522 31.365
 Portugal 23% EUR 0.0393 0.0132 0.0123 7.38
 Romania 19% RON 0.1729 0.0583 0.0540 32.4205
 Slovakia 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0129 0.012 7.2
 Slovenia 22% EUR 0.0390 0.0131 0.0122 7.32
 Spain 21% EUR 0.0387 0.0130 0.0121 7.26
 Sweden 25% SEK 0.3830 0.1292 0.1197 71.8215
 United Kingdom 20% GBP 0.0326 0.0110 0.0102 6.1286
Historical price limits from 1 July 2018
Country VAT Currency Outgoing call
to any EEA number 		Inbound call Outgoing text message
to any EEA number 		Data transfer (/GB)
 Austria 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0129 0.012 7.2
 Bulgaria 20% BGN 0.0751 0.0253 0.02347 14.0817
 Belgium 21% EUR 0.0387 0.0130 0.0121 7.26
 Croatia 25% HRK
 Cyprus 19% EUR 0.0380 0.0128 0.011 7.14
 Czech Republic 21% CZK
 Denmark 25% DKK
 Estonia 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0129 0.012 7.2
 Finland 24% EUR 0.0396 0.01233 0.0124 9.548
 France 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0129 0.012 7.2
 Germany 19% EUR 0.0380 0.0128 0.011 7.14
 Greece 24% EUR 0.0396 0.01233 0.0124 7.44
 Hungary 27% HUF
 Iceland 24% ISK
 Ireland 23% EUR 0.0393 0.0132 0.0123 7.38
 Italy 22% EUR 0.0390 0.0131 0.0122 7.32
 Latvia 21% EUR 0.0387 0.0130 0.0121 7.26
 Liechtenstein 8% CHF
 Lithuania 21% EUR 0.0387 0.0130 0.0121 7.26
 Luxembourg 17% EUR 0.0374 0.0126 0.011 7.02
 Malta 18% EUR 0.0377 0.0127 0.0118 7.08
 Netherlands 21% EUR 0.0387 0.0130 0.0121 7.26
 Norway 25% NOK 0
 Poland 23% PLN
 Portugal 23% EUR 0.0393 0.0132 0.0123 7.38
 Romania 19% RON
 Slovakia 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0129 0.012 7.2
 Slovenia 22% EUR 0.0390 0.0131 0.0122 7.32
 Spain 21% EUR 0.0387 0.0130 0.0121 7.26
 Sweden 25% SEK 0.4116 0.1389 0.1286 77.1787
 United Kingdom 20% GBP 0.0337 0.0114 0.0105 6.3352
Historical price limits from 1 July 2019 (data prices from 1 January 2020)
Country VAT Currency Outgoing call
to any EEA number 		Inbound call Outgoing text message
to any EEA number 		Data transfer (/GB)
 Austria 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0102 0.012 4.20
 Belgium 21% EUR 0.03872 0.010285 0.0121 4.235
 Bulgaria 20% BGN 0.07510 0.0199 0.0234 8.2143
 Croatia 25% HRK 0.2969 0.0788 0.0028 32.4830
 Cyprus 19% EUR 0.03808 0.010115 0.0119 4.165
 Czech Republic 21% CZK 0.9946 0.26419 0.03108 108.7857
 Denmark 25% DKK 0.2985 0.0793 0.0932 32.65325
 Estonia 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0102 0.012 4.20
 Finland 24% EUR 0.03968 0.01054 0.0124 4.34
 France 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0102 0.012 4.20
 Germany 19% EUR 0.03808 0.010115 0.0119 4.165
 Greece 24% EUR 0.03968 0.01054 0.0124 4.34
 Hungary 27% HUF 13.0045 3.4543 4.0639 1422.3702
 Iceland 24% ISK 5.4149 1.4383 1.6921 592.265
 Ireland 23% EUR 0.03936 0.010455 0.0123 4.305
 Italy 22% EUR 0.03904 0.01037 0.0122 4.27
 Latvia 21% EUR 0.03872 0.010285 0.0121 4.235
 Liechtenstein 7.7% CHF 0.039 0.01036 0.0121 4.2659
 Lithuania 21% EUR 0.03872 0.010285 0.0121 4.235
 Luxembourg 17% EUR 0.03744 0.009945 0.0117 4.095
 Malta 18% EUR 0.03776 0.0118354 0.0118 4.13
 Netherlands 21% EUR 0.03872 0.010285 0.0121 4.235
 Norway 25% NOK 0.38738 0.10289781 0.12105625 42.3696875
 Poland 23% PLN 0.1691 0.0449 0.05287 18.5059
 Portugal 23% EUR 0.03936 0.010455 0.0123 4.305
 Romania 19% RON 0.1810 0.0480 0.05657 19.8029
 Slovakia 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0102 0.012 4.20
 Slovenia 22% EUR 0.03904 0.01037 0.0122 4.27
 Spain 21% EUR 0.03872 0.010285 0.0121 4.235
 Sweden 25% SEK 0.420232 0.1162412 0.1313225 45.962875
 United Kingdom 20% GBP 0.03301 0.008769 0.0103165 3.6107

Exchange rates

[edit]
Country Currency 1 March 2021 1 April 2021 1 May 2021 Average
 Bulgaria BGN 1.95583 1.95583 1.95583 1.95583
 Croatia HRK
 Czech Republic CZK
 Denmark DKK
 Hungary HUF
 Iceland ISK
 Liechtenstein CHF
 Norway NOK
 Poland PLN
 Romania RON
 Sweden SEK
Historical exchange rates 2017
Country Currency 1 March 2017[82] 1 April 2017[83] 3 May 2017[84][b] Average
 Bulgaria BGN 1.9558 1.9558 1.9558 1.9558
 Croatia HRK 7.4365 7.4465 7.4570 7.4466
 Czech Republic CZK 27.021 27.030 26.893 26.9812
 Denmark DKK 7.4332 7.4379 7.4370 7.4360
 Hungary HUF 308.25 307.62 312.20 309.356
 Iceland ISK N/A[a] N/A[a] N/A[a] N/A[a]
 Liechtenstein CHF 1.0648 1.0696 1.0852 1.0732
 Norway NOK 8.8693 9.1683 9.3780 9.1385
 Poland PLN 4.3148 4.2265 4.2088 4.2500
 Romania RON 4.5202 4.5525 4.5495 4.5407
 Sweden SEK 9.5675 9.5322 9.6290 9.5762
 United Kingdom GBP 0.85305 0.85553 0.84520 0.8512
Historical exchange rates 2018
Country Currency 1 March 2018[85] 3 April 2018[86][c] 2 May 2018[87] Average
 Bulgaria BGN 1.9558 1.9558 1.9558 1.9558
 Croatia HRK 7.4505 7.4428 7.41 7.4344
 Czech Republic CZK 25.418 25.462 25.542 25.474
 Denmark DKK 7.4465 7.4513 7.4501 7,4493
 Hungary HUF 313.93 312.51 313.55 313.33
 Iceland ISK 123.70 121.50 122.20 122.4666
 Liechtenstein CHF 1.1520 1.1801 1.1968 1.1763
 Norway NOK 9.6153 9.6423 9.6620 9.6398
 Poland PLN 4.1781 4.2072 4.2264 4.2039
 Romania RON 4.6630 4.6525 4.6614 4.6589
 Sweden SEK 10.0923 10.28 10.4993 10.2905
 United Kingdom GBP 0.88415 0.87605 0.8796 0,8799
Historical exchange rates 2019
Country Currency 1 March 2019[88] 1 April 2019[89] 1 May 2019[90] Average
 Bulgaria BGN 1.9558 1.9558 1.9558 1.9558
 Croatia HRK 7.4275 7.4338 7.4130 7.4247
 Czech Republic CZK 25.601 25.802 25.659 25.6873
 Denmark DKK 7.4611 7.4652 7.4646 7.4636
 Hungary HUF 315.96 321.05 322.97 319.9933
 Iceland ISK 135.70 137.50 136.20 136.4666
 Liechtenstein CHF 1.1335 1.1181 1.1437 1.1317
 Norway NOK 9.7268 9.6590 9.6678 9.6845
 Poland PLN 4.3089 4.3006 4.2868 4.2987
 Romania RON 4.7434 4.7608 4.7596 4.7546
 Sweden SEK 10.4844 10.3980 10.6350 10.5058
 United Kingdom GBP 0.85835 0.85830 0.86248 0.85971
Historical exchange rates 2020
Country Currency 3 March 2020[91][d] 2 April 2020[92][e] 5 May 2020[93][f] Average
 Bulgaria BGN 1.9558 1.9558 1.9558 1.9558
 Croatia HRK 7.4853 7.6305 7.5735 7.5631
 Czech Republic CZK 25.475 27.553 26.978 26.669
 Denmark DKK 7.4730 7.4661 7.4612 7.4668
 Hungary HUF 336.68 363.73 350.27 350.23
 Iceland ISK 142.90 155.30 159.30 152.50
 Liechtenstein CHF 1.0646 1.0551 1.0525 1.0574
 Norway NOK 10.3328 11.2345 11.1730 10.9134
 Poland PLN 4.3166 4.5697 4.5316 4.4726
 Romania RON 4.8087 4.8320 4.8260 4.8222
 Sweden SEK 10.5590 10.9265 10.6980 10.7278
 United Kingdom GBP 0.87010 0.87738 0.87060 0.87269
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h In October 2008, the financial crisis of 2007–2008 brought about a collapse of the Icelandic banking sector. The value of the Icelandic króna dropped, and on 7 October 2008 the Icelandic Central Bank attempted to peg it at 131 against the euro. This peg was abandoned the next day. The króna later dropped again and to 340 against the euro before trade in the currency was suspended (by comparison, the rate at the start of 2008 was about 90 krónur to the euro). After a period of tentative, very low-volume international trading in the króna, activity had been expected to pick up again throughout November 2008, albeit still with low liquidity, as Iceland secured an International Monetary Fund loan. However, as of January 2009 the króna was still not being traded regularly, with the ECB reference rate being set only intermittently, the last time on 3 December 2008 at 290 króna per euro.
  2. ^ No reference rates published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJoEU) on 1 May 2017.
  3. ^ No reference rates published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJoEU) on 1 April 2018.
  4. ^ No reference rates published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJoEU) on 1 March 2020.
  5. ^ No reference rates published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJoEU) on 1 April 2020.
  6. ^ No reference rates published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJoEU) on 1 May 2020.

Method of calculating

[edit]

As the VAT rates and currencies vary across the EEA, the European Commission publishes price caps in euro and excluding VAT. So the final prices for each country can be calculated by adding the corresponding VAT rate and converting to the currency of the country (if non-euro).

For countries using the euro For countries using currency other than euro
where
is European Commission maximum allowed tariff without VAT in euro
is Value Added Tax rate for specified country, given in per cent
is Exchange rate for specified country published by ECB

In order to avoid double taxation, non-taxation or the distortion of competition, an EU member state may, in accordance with Article 9(3)(a) of Council Directive 77/388 ("the Sixth VAT Directive"), include within the scope of its national VAT any telecommunications services used within its territory but billed outside the EU VAT area. When opting to do so, it must also exempt from its national VAT any roaming services supplied by home networks within its territory but used outside the EU VAT area. The inclusion of telecommunications within the scope of Article 9 was requested by the former EU member state United Kingdom.[94] Consequently, when an EU member state makes this VAT exemption, roaming on networks in Åland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, the Canary Islands, Ceuta, Melilla and French overseas departments is subject to the price caps with no VAT applied, because these countries and territories are within the EEA but outside the EU VAT area.

Rounding

[edit]

The charge limits for the Eurotariff and the wholesale average charge should be calculated to the maximum number of decimal places permitted by the official exchange rate. This sets the maximum that can be charged in the national currency. Providers may wish in practice to quote charges in whole numbers of currency units, especially at the retail level, although this in practice is not compulsory. In this case, the numbers should be rounded down. Rounding up of these numbers to above the level of the relevant cap is not permitted under any circumstances.[95][96]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Roaming". Retrieved 30 January 2017.
  2. ^ Regulation (EU) No 531/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2012 on roaming on public mobile communications networks within the Union Text with EEA relevance, 30 June 2012, retrieved 8 September 2020
  3. ^ Regulation (EU) 2015/2120 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2015 laying down measures concerning open internet access and amending Directive 2002/22/EC on universal service and users' rights relating to electronic communications networks and services and Regulation (EU) No 531/2012 on roaming on public mobile communications networks within the Union (Text with EEA relevance), 26 November 2015, retrieved 8 September 2020
  4. ^ Regulation (EU) 2017/920 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2017 amending Regulation (EU) No 531/2012 as regards rules for wholesale roaming marketsText with EEA relevance., 9 June 2017, retrieved 8 September 2020
  5. ^ Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/2286 of 15 December 2016 laying down detailed rules on the application of fair use policy and on the methodology for assessing the sustainability of the abolition of retail roaming surcharges and on the application to be submitted by a roaming provider for the purposes of that assessment (Text with EEA relevance ), 17 December 2016, retrieved 8 September 2020
  6. ^ a b c Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/2228 of 14 December 2021 setting the weighted average of maximum mobile termination rates across the Union and repealing Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/2082, 15 December 2021, retrieved 19 January 2022
  7. ^ a b "EUR-Lex – 32017R0920 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  8. ^ "Mobile roaming with no extra fees to continue, following Council approval". www.consilium.europa.eu. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  9. ^ Quinn, Martin; de Matos, Miguel Godinho; Peukert, Christian (2024). "The Welfare Effects of Mobile Internet Access: Evidence from Roam-Like-at-Home". The Economic Journal. doi:10.1093/ej/uead101. hdl:10419/252129. ISSN 0013-0133.
  10. ^ Regulation (EC) No 717/2007.
  11. ^ Regulation (EC) No 717/2007, Article 13.
  12. ^ Regulation (EU) No 531/2012, Articles 8(2), 10(2) and 13(3).
  13. ^ Regulation (EU) No 531/2012, Articles 7, 9, 12.
  14. ^ "EUR-Lex – 52013PC0627 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  15. ^ Staff (3 April 2014). "MEPs vote to scrap mobile roaming fees in Europe". BBC News. BBC. Archived from the original on 4 April 2014.
  16. ^ Finley, Klint (4 March 2014). "European Parliament Votes to Protect Net Neutrality, Kill Roaming Fees". Wired. Archived from the original on 4 April 2014.
  17. ^ Article 6f of Regulation (EU) No 531/2012 as inserted by Article 7(5) of Regulation (EU) 2015/2120.
  18. ^ "EUR-Lex – 32015R2120 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  19. ^ Article 19(2) of Regulation (EU) No 531/2012 as amended by Article 7(5) of Regulation (EU) 2015/2120.
  20. ^ "European Commission – Fact Sheet".
  21. ^ "Last step to end roaming fees: Council approves wholesale deal – Consilium". www.consilium.europa.eu. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
  22. ^ "Roaming". Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  23. ^ "Re: ETNO and GSMA note on the implementation of the Roaming Fair-Use Policy" (PDF). 13 September 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 September 2016.
  24. ^ "European Commission – PRESS RELEASES – Press release – End of roaming charges in the EU in 2017: Commission agrees on new approach to make it work for all Europeans". europa.eu. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  25. ^ "Se hvor mye dyrere mobildata har blitt". DinSide.no (in Norwegian). 21 June 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
  26. ^ "OVERBLIK Efter nye EU-regler: Mobilselskaber hæver prisen". DR (in Danish). Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  27. ^ "Surfa fritt i EU med de flesta av våra abonnemang | Comviq.se". www.comviq.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  28. ^ "Roaming inom EU/EES". Kundservice (in Swedish). Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  29. ^ "TELMORE Home – Gælder kun i Danmark". Telmore (in Danish). Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  30. ^ Lewis, Martin. "Cheap SIM-only contracts". MoneySavingExpert.com. Retrieved 25 September 2018. This is a UK-only plan – roaming is not allowed; you can't make international calls or use your phone abroad (except emergency calls).
  31. ^ "Is the EU Roaming-free dream crumbling?". New Europe. 5 June 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  32. ^ "Regulator warns Italian operators on EU roaming – Mobile World Live". Mobile World Live. 31 July 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  33. ^ "Comviq tar dubbelt betalt för "gratis EU-roaming"". Surfa (in Swedish). 1 August 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  34. ^ "O2 throttles network after high EU roaming demand – Mobile World Live". Mobile World Live. 26 July 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  35. ^ "Surfeeksplosjon i sommer etter nye roamingregler". E24 (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  36. ^ "Roaming-explosion inom EU – 1 500 procent ökning". Surfa (in Swedish). 27 July 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  37. ^ "EU Non-Roaming" (PDF). 1 August 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 August 2016.
  38. ^ Fioretti, Julia. "EU states, lawmakers agree to cap price of intra-EU calls". U.S. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  39. ^ "EU Telecoms deal: Fees on calls across EU capped by 2019 and 5G network by 2020 | Nieuws | European Parliament". Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  40. ^ "L_2018321EN.01000101.xml". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  41. ^ "International & roaming: Rates | Proximus".
  42. ^ "Answer to a written question – Roaming charges in the EU – E-000347/2017". www.europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  43. ^ Staff, About the Source Euromaidan Press (15 June 2017). "EU could abolish roaming fees for Ukraine by 2020 – EU official -". Euromaidan Press. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
  44. ^ "Turn on the Internet: Regional Roaming Agreement will significantly reduce the cost of roaming services for travelling Ukrainians". EU4Digital. 6 April 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  45. ^ "Western Balkans to Scrap Roaming Costs From 2021". Balkan Insight. 4 April 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
  46. ^ EWB (20 February 2019). "Western Balkans finalising the agreement for a zero roaming rate by 2021". European Western Balkans. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
  47. ^ EWB (4 April 2019). "What will regional roaming agreement bring?". European Western Balkans. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
  48. ^ EWB (4 July 2021). "The Regional Roaming Agreement – A success story that the Western Balkan needs". European Western Balkans. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  49. ^ "The Western Balkans become a roaming free zone: the "Roam Like at Home" regime starts on 1 July with the support of the EU". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  50. ^ Council, Regional Cooperation. "Regional Cooperation Council | Regional Roaming Agreement is clear: Roaming charges in the Western Balkans are now ZERO". www.rcc.int. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  51. ^ "Reduce roaming costs between the Western Balkans and the EU by 2023". Tek Deeps. 25 June 2022.
  52. ^ "Article 50: Theresa May to trigger Brexit process". BBC News. 20 March 2017. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  53. ^ "Using your mobile in EU and EEA countries". GOV.UK. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  54. ^ Pocket-lint (10 January 2022). "Roaming charges after Brexit: Is your network ending free roaming?". www.pocket-lint.com. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  55. ^ "Using your mobile in EU and EEA countries after the UK leaves the EU". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  56. ^ "EU mobile roaming charges scrapped". BBC News. 15 June 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
  57. ^ "Virgin Mobile and O2 users will not face EU roaming charges". BBC News. 10 January 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  58. ^ "Roaming charges and open Internet: questions and answers". European Commission. 30 June 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  59. ^ Ryan (15 June 2017). "Just The Facts: Abolition of roaming charges in the EU, June 2017". European Movement Ireland. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  60. ^ G, John (9 December 2021). "Gratis tale og data i EU er forlænget til 2032 – MereMobil.dk". meremobil.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  61. ^ "Mobile roaming with no extra fees to continue as presidency reaches deal with European Parliament". www.consilium.europa.eu. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  62. ^ "New Roaming rules for travellers in the EU: "Roam like at home" for 10 more years". European Commission – European Commission. 30 June 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  63. ^ "Questions and Answers: Roaming*". European Commission – European Commission. 30 June 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  64. ^ "EU Commission proposes lower wholesale roaming price caps". Reuters. 24 February 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  65. ^ "Regulation (EC) 717/2007".
  66. ^ "Regulation (EC) 544/2009".
  67. ^ a b "Regulation (EU) 531/2012".
  68. ^ "End of roaming charges: informal deal on wholesale market reform – Consilium". www.consilium.europa.eu. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  69. ^ "EUR-Lex – 32016R2292 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  70. ^ Council, Regional Cooperation. "Regional Cooperation Council | Regional Roaming Agreement is clear: Roaming charges in the Western Balkans are now ZERO". www.rcc.int. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  71. ^ a b "Roam like at home (UE/SEE) – informatii generale". 24 October 2018.
  72. ^ a b Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2116 of 28 November 2019 setting the weighted average of maximum mobile termination rates across the Union and repealing Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1979 (Text with EEA relevance), 11 December 2019, retrieved 8 September 2020
  73. ^ a b Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/2082 of 14 December 2020 on setting the weighted average of maximum mobile termination rates across the Union and repealing Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2116, 15 December 2020, retrieved 3 January 2021
  74. ^ "Roam like at home (UE/SEE) – informatii generale". ANCOM (in Romanian). 24 October 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  75. ^ a b "Digital Agenda: Commission proposes more competition, more choice and lower prices for mobile phone users abroad – frequently asked questions" (PDF). Memos. European Union. 6 July 2011. MEMO/11/485. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 May 2013.
  76. ^ "OECD". p. 28.
  77. ^ Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/2292 of 16 December 2016 setting out the weighted average of maximum mobile termination rates across the Union and repealing Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2352 (Text with EEA relevance ), 17 December 2016, retrieved 7 December 2019
  78. ^ "Ancom – Roam like at home de la 1 ianuarie 2018 creste volumul de date ce pot fi consumate in roaming (UE/SEE) fara taxe suplimentare". www.ancom.org.ro.
  79. ^ Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/2311 of 13 December 2017 setting the weighted average of maximum mobile termination rates across the Union and repealing Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/2292 (Text with EEA relevance. ), 14 December 2017, retrieved 7 December 2019
  80. ^ "Roam like at home de la 1 ianuarie 2019 creste volumul de date ce pot fi consumate in roaming (UE/SEE) fara taxe suplimentare". www.ancom.org.ro.
  81. ^ Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1979 of 13 December 2018 setting the weighted average of maximum mobile termination rates across the Union and repealing Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/2311 (Text with EEA relevance.), 14 December 2018, retrieved 5 April 2019
  82. ^ "2017/C65/03". Official Journal of the European Union.
  83. ^ "2017/C103/03". Official Journal of the European Union.
  84. ^ "2017/C138/03". Official Journal of the European Union.
  85. ^ "EUR-Lex – C2018/077/04 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  86. ^ "C2018/117/01". Official Journal of the European Union.
  87. ^ "EUR-Lex – C2018/153/02 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  88. ^ "EUR-Lex – C2019/076/03 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  89. ^ "EUR-Lex – C2019/121/02 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  90. ^ "EUR-Lex – C2019/150/01 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  91. ^ "EUR-Lex – C2020/070/01 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  92. ^ "EUR-Lex – C2020/111/02 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  93. ^ "EUR-Lex – C2020/150/03 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  94. ^ "EU Official Journal No. L86, 28.3.97, p. 33".
  95. ^ "International Roaming Regulation – ERG Guidelines Final Release" (PDF). BEREC/ERG. 15 January 2008. ERG(07)86rev2 081215. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2011.
  96. ^ "International Roaming Regulation – ERG Guidelines 2nd Release" (PDF). BEREC/ERG. 22 August 2007. ERG(07)46. Archived from the original on 6 November 2013.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_Union_roaming_regulations&oldid=1246408774"