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Sarpsborg

Coordinates: 59°17′09″N 11°06′43″E / 59.28583°N 11.11194°E / 59.28583; 11.11194
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Sarpsborg Municipality
Sarpsborg kommune
Municipality
Parts of Sarpsborg
Parts of Sarpsborg
Flag of Sarpsborg Municipality
Flag
Coat of arms of Sarpsborg Municipality
Coat of arms
Østfold within Norway
Østfold within Norway
Sarpsborg within Østfold
Sarpsborg within Østfold
Coordinates: 59°17′09″N 11°06′43″E / 59.28583°N 11.11194°E / 59.28583; 11.11194
CountryNorway
CountyØstfold
Administrative centreSarpsborg
Government
 • Mayor (2023)Magnus Arnesen (H)
Area
 • Total
406 km2 (157 sq mi)
 • Land370 km2 (140 sq mi)
 • Rank#238 in Norway
Population
 (31 December 2022)
 • Total
59,038Increase
 • Rank#13 in Norway
 • Density134/km2 (350/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Increase +6.6%
DemonymSarping[1]
Official language
[2]
 • Norwegian formBokmål
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-3105[3]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Sarpsborg (pronounced [ˈsɑ̀ʂbɔr] or [ˈsɑ̀rpsbɔrɡ]), historically Borg, is a city and municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Sarpsborg.

Sarpsborg is part of the fifth largest urban area in Norway when paired with neighbouring Fredrikstad. As of 1 January 2018, according to Statistics Norway these two municipalities have a total population of 136,127 with 55,840 in Sarpsborg and 81,278 in Fredrikstad.[4]

Statistics for 2021, say that the city has a population where 19% of the children belong to families that have "low-income in the long-term"; that is the highest level for a city (in Norway); the national level is 11.3%.[5]

General information

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Name

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In Norse times the city was just called Borg (from borg which means "castle"). The background for this was the fortification built by Olav Haraldsson (see History section). Later the genitive case of the name of the waterfall Sarpr (Sarp Falls) was added, it's unclear how Sarpsborg received this part of its name, two interpretations are the most prevalent. The first coming from the Icelandic word Sarpr which means birdcage in English. The other interpretation is that Sarpr means "the one who swallows", probably referring to the local waterfall.[6]

In Norse times Østfold county was called Borgarsýsla which means "the county (sýsla) of Borg" and the law district of southeast Norway was called Borgarþing meaning "the thing/court of Borg".

The old name has been revived in the diocese of Borg (1968) and Borgarting Court of Appeal (1995).

Coat of arms

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The coat-of-arms is from modern times and was granted on 13 November 1991. It is based on a coat of arms dating from 1556 and shows a bear above a castle. The bear was introduced as early as some time in the 13th century, by the earl of Sarpsborg (Comes de Saresburgh), Alv Erlingsson. He used the bear to symbolise his strength.[citation needed] The castle symbolises the fortress (borg) that gave the city its original name.[7]

History

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Downtown Sarpsborg (Roald Amundsens Gate)

The city was founded as Borg by the Viking King Olav Haraldsson (Saint Olaf) in 1016. It was burned to the ground by Swedish invaders in 1567 during the Northern Seven Years' War. Half the population was evacuated down the river to what is today known as Fredrikstad, about 15 kilometres (9 mi) downstream.

Much of the rebuilt town disappeared into the river Glomma during a 1702 mudslide. Again Borg was rebuilt, and it was recreated as a city in 1839, and separated from Tune as a municipality of its own.

The rural municipalities of Tune, Skjeberg, and Varteig were merged with the city on 1 January 1992. The population is steadily growing, and during the summer of 2005 it reached 50,000 inhabitants.

In 2016 the town celebrated its 1,000th anniversary, and the entire year was commemorated by a special programme that encouraged historic preservation within the town.[8]

Historically, the sawmill and timber shipping industry has been Sarpsborg's most important sources of income, however since the industrialisation in Norway, more specifically Sarpsborg and the establishment of local manufacturing businesses during the late 1800s, the biggest being Borregaard, Sarpsborg has changed from its traditional timber-based economy and pre-industrial society to a more manufacturing and refining-based economy and industrial society. In modern times Sarpsborg has moved away from being a city based on the local manufacturing and refining industry, with only around ten percent employed within the local manufacturing industry, coinciding with Norway's general shift towards a post-industrial society. Despite this, the city is still widely regarded by Norwegians both unofficially and officially, to be an industrial city.[9]

Number of minorities (1st and 2nd generation) in Sarpsborg by country of origin in 2021[10]
Ancestry Number
 Poland 1,646
 Iraq 1,382
 Bosnia-Herzegovina 1,102
 Kosovo 841
 Somalia 725
 Syria 557
 Sweden 492
 Afghanistan 408
 Iran 372
 Vietnam 297
 Lithuania 267
 Philippines 260
 Thailand 240
 Serbia 178
 Pakistan 174
 Denmark 161
 Russia 160

Economy

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Borregaard Industries is, and always has been, the most important industry in the city. The city is also the home of Borg Bryggerier, part of the Hansa Borg Bryggerier, which is Norway's second largest brewery-group.

City districts

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Sport

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During the 1950s and 1960s, Sarpsborg was famous for its football (soccer) team, Sarpsborg FK, but is now more known for its ice hockey team, Sparta Warriors. In football, Sarpsborg 08 FF has taken over the local throne, currently playing at the highest national level. On 6 November 2009, they sent arch-rival FFK down from the top division in a play-off game in Fredrikstad stadion. Sarpsborg 08 has a women's football team that was promoted to the women's Division 1 at the end of 2011, at the same time as the club's under-19 girls reached the Junior Cup Final. Sarpsborg BK plays in the highest bandy division.[citation needed]

Sarpsborg is famous for its two elite leagues teams in floorball, Sarpsborg IBK and Greåker IBK.

Climate

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Sarpsborg has a humid continental climate (Dfb) or temperate oceanic climate (Cfb), depending on winter threshold used (0 °C (32 °F) as in US or −3 °C (27 °F) as in Europe). The all-time high 33.5 °C (92.3 °F) was recorded in July 2018. The all-time low −26 °C (−15 °F) was set in December 2002. Since the weather station was incepted in 1991, the records may not be representative of a longer time frame. The average date for the last overnight freeze (low below 0 °C (32.0 °F)) in spring is 20 April[11] and average date for first freeze in autumn is 22 October[12] giving a frost-free season of 184 days (1981-2010 average).

Climate data for Sarpsborg (2002–2021 averages, extremes since 1991)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.5
(50.9) 		11.4
(52.5) 		21.4
(70.5) 		27.0
(80.6) 		30.0
(86.0) 		31.5
(88.7) 		33.5
(92.3) 		30.4
(86.7) 		27.5
(81.5) 		18.8
(65.8) 		16.0
(60.8) 		12.5
(54.5) 		33.5
(92.3)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 6.8
(44.2) 		7.1
(44.8) 		12.2
(54.0) 		17.3
(63.1) 		24.4
(75.9) 		26.5
(79.7) 		28.5
(83.3) 		26.8
(80.2) 		21.9
(71.4) 		15.9
(60.6) 		11.6
(52.9) 		8.2
(46.8) 		29.5
(85.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1.0
(33.8) 		1.4
(34.5) 		5.6
(42.1) 		11.4
(52.5) 		16.3
(61.3) 		20.3
(68.5) 		22.4
(72.3) 		21.1
(70.0) 		16.7
(62.1) 		10.5
(50.9) 		6.0
(42.8) 		2.4
(36.3) 		11.3
(52.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.4
(29.5) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		2.0
(35.6) 		7.0
(44.6) 		11.8
(53.2) 		16.0
(60.8) 		18.3
(64.9) 		17.3
(63.1) 		13.3
(55.9) 		7.8
(46.0) 		3.7
(38.7) 		0.1
(32.2) 		7.9
(46.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −3.8
(25.2) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		2.5
(36.5) 		7.3
(45.1) 		11.6
(52.9) 		14.2
(57.6) 		13.4
(56.1) 		9.8
(49.6) 		5.0
(41.0) 		1.4
(34.5) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		4.5
(40.1)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −13.2
(8.2) 		−12.4
(9.7) 		−9.3
(15.3) 		−2.7
(27.1) 		1.1
(34.0) 		6.7
(44.1) 		10.2
(50.4) 		8.2
(46.8) 		3.1
(37.6) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		−6.3
(20.7) 		−11.1
(12.0) 		−16.3
(2.7)
Record low °C (°F) −23.3
(−9.9) 		−23.0
(−9.4) 		−21.1
(−6.0) 		−6.0
(21.2) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		2.0
(35.6) 		7.0
(44.6) 		5.2
(41.4) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		−8.5
(16.7) 		−12.5
(9.5) 		−26.0
(−14.8) 		−26.0
(−14.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 78.2
(3.08) 		53.9
(2.12) 		45.7
(1.80) 		45.8
(1.80) 		64.1
(2.52) 		69.4
(2.73) 		73.9
(2.91) 		99.1
(3.90) 		86.7
(3.41) 		112.9
(4.44) 		101.4
(3.99) 		84.2
(3.31) 		915.3
(36.01)
Source: Norsk Klimaservicesenter[13]
Climate data for Sarpsborg 1991-2020 (57 m, extremes 1991-2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.5
(50.9) 		11.4
(52.5) 		21.4
(70.5) 		27
(81) 		30
(86) 		31.5
(88.7) 		33.5
(92.3) 		30.4
(86.7) 		25
(77) 		18.8
(65.8) 		16.0
(60.8) 		12.5
(54.5) 		33.5
(92.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.4
(29.5) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		0.9
(33.6) 		5.8
(42.4) 		11.1
(52.0) 		14.9
(58.8) 		17.4
(63.3) 		16.5
(61.7) 		12.2
(54.0) 		7
(45) 		3.1
(37.6) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		7.2
(44.9)
Record low °C (°F) −21.5
(−6.7) 		−23
(−9) 		−21.1
(−6.0) 		−6
(21) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		2
(36) 		7
(45) 		5.2
(41.4) 		−1
(30) 		−8.5
(16.7) 		−12.5
(9.5) 		−26
(−15) 		−26
(−15)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 76.7
(3.02) 		51.9
(2.04) 		49.4
(1.94) 		49.2
(1.94) 		54.4
(2.14) 		71.9
(2.83) 		67.2
(2.65) 		89.3
(3.52) 		84.9
(3.34) 		105.4
(4.15) 		101.3
(3.99) 		85.3
(3.36) 		886.9
(34.92)
Source 1: yr.no/Norwegian Meteorological Institute[14]
Source 2: eklima/met.no[15]

Musical artists and bands

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Notable residents

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Zacharias Mellebye, 1854
Oscar Torp, 1950

Public service

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The Arts

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Nils Ole Oftebro, as King Olaf II, 1992
Thomas Myhre, 2009
Marianne Skarpnord, 2009

Sport

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Twin towns - Sister cities

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Sarpsborg has several sister cities:[20]

References

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  1. ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. ^ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
  4. ^ "Population 1 January and population changes until now this year. The whole country, counties and municipalities". Statistics Norway. 22 August 2018. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
  5. ^ https://www.nrk.no/norge/9--og-12-aringane-hennar-er-for-gamle-_-aleinemor-gar-glipp-av-15000-kronar-i-barnetrygd-1.16399457 Archived 6 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine. NRK.no. Retrieved 2023-05-06
  6. ^ "Sarpsborg kommune - Om Sarpsborg". www.sarpsborg.com (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 31 October 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
  7. ^ "Vedtak om bruk av byvåpenet i den nye kommunen" (in Norwegian). Sarpsborg. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2008.
  8. ^ "Sarpsborg 1016-2016". Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
  9. ^ Thorsnæs, Geir (16 November 2021), "Sarpsborg", Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian Bokmål), archived from the original on 18 January 2022, retrieved 10 December 2021
  10. ^ "Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by immigration category, country background and percentages of the population". ssb.no. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  11. ^ "Siste frostnatt om våren". 4 May 2012. Archived from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
  12. ^ "Første frostnatt". 25 September 2013. Archived from the original on 7 August 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
  13. ^ "Seklima" (in Norwegian). Meteorologisk institutt. Archived from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  14. ^ "yr.no/met.no". Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  15. ^ "eklima portal". Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  16. ^ IMDb Database Archived 11 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 12 March 2021
  17. ^ IMDb Database Archived 6 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 12 March 2021
  18. ^ IMDb Database Archived 12 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 12 March 2021
  19. ^ IMDb Database Archived 16 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 12 March 2021
  20. ^ "Vennskapsbyer" (in Norwegian). Sarpsborg kommune. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2008.
  21. ^ "::Bethlehem Municipality::". www.bethlehem-city.org. Archived from the original on 24 July 2010. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
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