Second officer (aviation)

A Second Officer usually refers to the third in line of command for a flight crew on a commercial or non-military aircraft. Usually a Second Officer is used on international or long haul flights where more than two crew are required to allow for adequate crew rest periods.

In some airlines, the Second Officer acts as a First Officer, but still undergoes training and supervision from a training Captain (Swiss, Lufthansa, Volotea among others use this denomination).

References

Citations

Bibliography

Harris, Tom. How Airline Crews Work, HowStuffWorks.com website, June 14, 2001. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
Smith, Patrick. Patrick Smith's Ask The Pilot: When a Pilot Dies in Flight, AskThePilot.com website, 2013, which in turn cites:
Smith, Patrick. Cockpit Confidential: Everything You Need to Know About Air Travel: Questions, Answers, and Reflections, Sourcebooks, 2013, ISBN 1402280912, ISBN 978-1402280917.
Flying the World in Clipper Ships at flightjournal.com, 2007.
[1] Lufthansa website on cockpit careers.

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References