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Shenzhou 10

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Shenzhou 10
Diagram of Shenzhou-10 (right) docked with Tiangong-1 (left)
COSPAR ID2013-029A Edit this at Wikidata
SATCAT no.39179
Mission duration14 days, 14 hours, 29 minutes
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft typeShenzhou
ManufacturerCASC
Crew
Crew size3
MembersNie Haisheng
Zhang Xiaoguang
Wang Yaping
Start of mission
Launch date11 June 2013, 09:38:02 (2013-06-11UTC09:38:02Z) UTC
RocketLong March 2F
Launch siteJiuquan LA-4/SLS
End of mission
Landing date26 June 2013, 00:07 (2013-06-26UTC00:08Z) UTC
Landing siteInner Mongolia
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric
RegimeLow Earth
Perigee altitude262 kilometres (163 mi)
Apogee altitude315 kilometres (196 mi)
Inclination42.7 degrees
Period90.28 minutes
Epoch12 June 2013[1]
Docking with Tiangong 1
Docking date13 June 2013, 05:11 UTC
Undocking date25 June 2013
Time docked12 days
File:Shenzhou-10.png

Shenzhou 10 (Mandarin Chinese: 神舟十号 Shénzhōu shíhào) was a manned spaceflight of China's Shenzhou program that was launched on 11 June 2013. It was China's fifth manned space mission.[2][3] The mission had a crew of three astronauts: Nie Haisheng, who was mission commander and previously flew on Shenzhou 6, Zhang Xiaoguang, a former PLAAF squadron commander who conducted the rendezvous and docking, and Wang Yaping, the second Chinese female astronaut. The Shenzhou spacecraft docked with the Tiangong-1 trial space laboratory module on 13 June,[4] and the astronauts performed physical, technological, and scientific experiments while on board. Shenzhou 10 was the final mission to Tiangong 1 in this portion of the Tiangong program.[5] On 26 June 2013, after a series of successful docking tests, Shenzhou 10 returned to Earth.[6]

Preparations

Prior to the reboost of Tiangong 1 on 30 August 2012, it was projected that a launch window would open between late November and December 2012, when Tiangong-1's orbit had decayed to the level of a Shenzhou's standard orbit. With the reboost, it was expected that the orbital decay would bring Tiangong-1 within reach again in late January, so the Shenzhou 10 mission was anticipated for late January or February 2013.[7] At the 2012 Communist Party of China Leadership Congress, a space official stated that Shenzhou 10 was planned for the period between June and August 2013.[8]

It is the fifth manned mission of the Shenzhou programme, coming ten years after the original, Shenzhou 5.[9]

From 2012 November onwards, a feed of information ensued, including a desire for the crew to have a female member and that the actual launch date would be at the beginning of the June–August period. Knowledge of the conditions that China sets for launch windows for its piloted spacecraft allowed the likely launch date to be calculated as somewhere in the period between 7–13 June.[10]

Xinhua published an item from the Beijing Times that summed up the aims of the mission, and included the information that Wang Yaping was the only female trainee in the group of astronaut candidates.[11] Wang Yaping was announced to be the one of the crew in April 2013, the only member of the crew revealed until June, when the rest of the crew was revealed. The crew of Shenzhou 10 previously served as the backup crew to Shenzhou 9.[12][13] With Nie Haisheng's elevation to General, this marked the first instance that China would launch a flag officer into space, after they had become a general officer.[14]

Launch and docking

Shenzhou 10 was launched on 11 June 2013, at 09:38 UTC (17:38 local time). A Long March 2F[15] carrier rocket was used to perform the launch, flying from Pad 1 of the South Launch Site at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in Inner Mongolia. The spacecraft successfully reached low Earth orbit before the rocket detached. With a duration of 15 days, Shenzhou 10 was China's longest human spaceflight mission to date,[16][17] surpassing the previous record holder, Shenzhou 9 by two days.[18] CPC General Secretary, Chinese President Xi Jinping was present for both the departure ceremony, and the launch itself.[19]

The spacecraft docked with Tiangong 1 at 05:11 UTC on 13 June. The crew opened the hatch three hours later and entered the laboratory module.[20]

Objectives

Once docked at Tiangong 1, the three crew members conducted space medicine and technological experiments and other scientific endeavours. Nie Haisheng was mission commander, overseeing docking procedures, and pilot Zhang Xiaoguang was in charge of rendezvous and docking. Wang Yaping conducted the scientific experiments and taught a physics lesson to Chinese students by live television broadcast.[21] On 23 June Shenzhou 10 undocked from the station and performed a manual re-docking.[22]

Crew

Position Crew Member
Commander Nie Haisheng
Second spaceflight
Second crewmember Zhang Xiaoguang
First spaceflight
Third crewmember Wang Yaping
First spaceflight

While in orbit, Wang Yaping was one of only two women in space on 16 June 2013, the 50th anniversary of Vostok 6, the first space flight by a woman, Valentina Tereshkova. The other woman in space that day was Karen Nyberg on board the International Space Station[23]

Space lecture

One widely reported event of this mission was the space lecture[24] by Wang Yaping. On 20 June around 10:00 two physics teachers started the lesson in the Beijing classroom. A few minutes later the crew was visible to 60 million Chinese students. They saw Wang Yaping conduct five experiments:

  • Mass measurement: Using Newtons Second Law (F=m x a) the mass of Nie Haisheng was measured to be 74 kg.
  • Simple pendulum: The Beijing class started by showing a simple pendulum, then Wang Yaping did the same to show the pendulum moving in an endless rotation.
  • Behaviour of a Gyro: Wang Yaping put two Gyros up, one spinning and one not, and touched both slightly. The spinning gyro kept its axis.
  • Surface Tension: Wang Yaping showed the importance of surface tension in the absence of gravity by wobbling a water film inside a ring. When swinging the water film bulged, but it did not break.
  • Water ball: Wang Yaping showed that water will automatically form a (near perfect) ball in space and explained this using the same surface tension.

See also

References

  1. ^ McDowell, Jonathan. "Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  2. ^ Template:Zh icon news.China.COM.cn, "专访十八大代表牛红光：神十将于明年6月发射", 新闻中心-中国网, 10 November 2012
  3. ^ "Chinese spacecraft blasts off with 3 astronauts". 11 June 2013.
  4. ^ Chinese spacecraft blasts off from Gobi desert The Guardian, 2013-06-11.
  5. ^ "China prepares to launch first space lab module this week". Space Daily. 27 September 2011. Retrieved 28 September 2011. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  6. ^ ITN (25 June 2013). "China's Shenzhou 10 spacecraft's docking manoeuvres a success - video". The Guardian.
  7. ^ SpaceDaily, "Tiangong Orbit Change Signals Likely Date for Shenzhou 10", Robert Christy, 4 September 2012
  8. ^ ScienceDaily, "China to launch new manned spaceship in 2013: Xinhua", Reuters, 10 November 2012 (accessed 2012-11-11)
  9. ^ Bodeen, Christopher (10 June 2013). "China marks decade of human spaceflight". Associated Press.
  10. ^ Christy, Robert (11 March 2013). "Shenzhou 10 – Heads Up!". zarya.info.
  11. ^ Xinhua (in Chinese), "Shenzhou 10 Arrived at Jiuquan for Launch June-August, Yaping is the Only Female Astronaut Candidate", Beijing Times, 1 April 2013
  12. ^ Jones, Morris (3 April 2013). "Shenzhou's Shadow Crew". Space Daily.
  13. ^ "Astronauts of Shenzhou-10 mission meet press". Space Daily. 11 June 2013.
  14. ^ "China's space dream crystallized with Shenzhou-10 launch". SpaceDaily. 16 June 2013.
  15. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (10 June 2013). "China launches three person crew on Shenzhou-10". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
  16. ^ Wong, Andy (11 June 2013). "Shenzhou 10 Launch: Chinese Spacecraft Blasts Off With Three Astronauts On 15-Day Mission". Huffington Post. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
  17. ^ Tate, Karl (10 June 2013). "Shenzhou 10 Explained: Crew of Three Chinese Astronauts Head to Space Lab (Infographic)". Space.com. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
  18. ^ "China's Shenzhou-9 spacecraft returns to Earth". BBC. 29 June 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
  19. ^ Deng, Shasha (11 June 2013). "Chinese President sees off Shenzhou-10 crew, watches spacecraft launch". Xinhua.
  20. ^ "Chinese capsule docks with space laboratory". BBC. 14 June 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  21. ^ Clark, Stephen (11 June 2013). "Successful start for China's fifth human spaceflight". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
  22. ^ http://www.china.org.cn/china/2013-06/23/content_29203515.htm
  23. ^ Ken Kremer (16 June 2013). "Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova; 1st Woman in Space 50 Years Ago! Ready for Mars". Universe Today.
  24. ^ http://www.go-taikonauts.com/en/chinese-space-news/668-published-9th-issue-of-newsletter-on-chinesea-space-activities-go-taikonauts
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