Skara
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2010) |
Skara | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Coat of arms | |
| Country | Sweden |
| Province | Västergötland |
| County | Västra Götaland County |
| Municipality | Skara Municipality |
| Charter | 988 |
| Area | |
| • Total | 440.1 km2 (169.9 sq mi) |
| Population (31 December 2013)[1] | |
| • Total | 18,580 |
| • Density | 42.2/km2 (109/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Climate | Dfb |
Skara is a locality and the seat of Skara Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 18,580 inhabitants in 2013.[1] Despite its small size, it is one of the oldest cities in Sweden, and has a long educational and ecclesiastical history. One of Sweden's oldest high schools, Katedralskolan (cathedral school), is situated in Skara.
Geography
Skara is located by the E20 motorway, about 130 km (81 mi) northeast of Gothenburg, in the centre of Västergötland.
Climate
Skara had a humid continental climate[2] for the reference period of 1961–1990, but has since more resembled an oceanic climate, heavily influenced by maritime moderation in spite of its inland position. Its proximity to Kattegat and lake Vänern contributes to summers being slightly cooler than areas to the north-east, and winter temperatures mostly hover around the freezing point.
| Climate data for Skara | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 9.9 (49.8) |
11.4 (52.5) |
19.1 (66.4) |
27.6 (81.7) |
29.0 (84.2) |
33.8 (92.8) |
34.0 (93.2) |
33.0 (91.4) |
26.2 (79.2) |
20.8 (69.4) |
14.2 (57.6) |
11.1 (52.0) |
34.0 (93.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.6 (33.1) |
0.8 (33.4) |
4.5 (40.1) |
11.9 (53.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
19.8 (67.6) |
22.3 (72.1) |
20.9 (69.6) |
16.6 (61.9) |
10.1 (50.2) |
5.4 (41.7) |
1.9 (35.4) |
10.9 (51.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.8 (25.2) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
1.3 (34.3) |
5.9 (42.6) |
9.1 (48.4) |
12.2 (54.0) |
11.5 (52.7) |
8.2 (46.8) |
3.4 (38.1) |
0.8 (33.4) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
3.2 (37.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −32.0 (−25.6) |
−33.7 (−28.7) |
−29.3 (−20.7) |
−22.8 (−9.0) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−15.0 (5.0) |
−22.5 (−8.5) |
−26.3 (−15.3) |
−33.7 (−28.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 39.7 (1.56) |
26.1 (1.03) |
30.3 (1.19) |
34.0 (1.34) |
40.6 (1.60) |
49.6 (1.95) |
58.0 (2.28) |
64.0 (2.52) |
62.1 (2.44) |
56.6 (2.23) |
55.9 (2.20) |
45.1 (1.78) |
563.6 (22.19) |
| Source 1: SMHI[3] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: SMHI Monthly Data 2002-2015[4] | |||||||||||||
History
According to local legend, Skara was founded in AD 988, making it one of the oldest cities of Sweden. It was one of only two cities in what was to become Västergötland, the other being Lödöse. Skara was the location for the regional assembly, the Thing of all Geats.
With the Christianization of Sweden, around 1000 AD,[5] Skara became the seat for the bishop and a religious centre for the ensuing centuries. There have been bishops of Skara in an unbroken succession to this day.
Many important assemblies were held in Skara in medieval times. Examples include the important Swedish chancellor meeting in 1326. A meeting of Swedish, Danish and Norwegians in 1458, decided upon the later Kalmar Union.
In the ensuing medieval centuries, monasteries and other churches were completed in the town. The first monastery was for the Dominican order, called the monastery of Saint Olaf, opened in 1234; the other was of the Franciscan order, known as Saint Catherine (or Katarina in Swedish), recorded in 1259.
The foundations of the Skara Cathedral are believed to stem from around 1050. The current cathedral was inaugurated in 1150, but findings during the last 50 years show it must be at least a century older. Its current appearance, however, stems from renovations in the 1880s by Helgo Zettervall, who also renovated the Cathedral of Uppsala.
Middle ages
Medieval artifacts have been found in or near the Skara cathedral. A chalice from bishop Adalvard the Elder, dead in 1064, was found in his grave in the 18th century. For a while the Adalvardskalken was used in the Holy Communion.
Some 44 pages of a book containing texts and hymns of 11th-century Catholic rituals, the Skara Missal, is held and exhibited in Skara.[6]
Other ancient objects have been found during excavations of the monasteries and churches.
Education
There is a branch of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet) in Skara.
Culture and attractions
There are several music and entertainment artists in Skara, giving it a notable spot among the cities. The Skara Sommarland is a popular amusement park with a reputation well known throughout the nation. Most notable is its water park with water chutes, artificial rafts, etc.
The official museum of Västergötland is in Skara.
Sister cities
Skara is twinned with.
Radviliškis, Lithuania[7]
See also
References
- Nordisk Familjebok, see link below.
- ^ a b c "Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km2 2005 och 2010" (in Swedish). Statistics Sweden. 14 December 2013. Archived from the original on 10 January 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Skara, Sweden Climate Summary". Weatherbase. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
- ^ . Swedish Metereological and Hydrological Institute (Skara code 8327) http://data.smhi.se/met/climate/time_series/month_year/normal_1961_1990/SMHI_month_year_normal_61_90_precipitation_mm.txt.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ . SMHI. February 22, 2015 http://www.smhi.se/klimatdata/meteorologi/temperatur/2.1240.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Alexandra Sanmark: Power and conversion : a comparative study of Christianization in Scandinavia; Uppsala : Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University, Occasional papers in archaeology: 34; p. 85
- ^ "Skaramissalet daterat till 1150" (in Swedish). Radio Sweden. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
- ^ "Radviliskis". Radviliskis. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
External links
- Skara Tourist Office
- Skara - Official site
- Template:Sv icon Skara, in Nordisk familjebok (in Swedish)
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