Torrejón de Ardoz
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2008) |
Torrejón de Ardoz | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Aerial view of Torrejón de Ardoz | |
 Flag  Seal | |
_mapa.svg) Location in Madrid, Spain | |
| Country |  Spain |
| Region |  Community of Madrid |
| Comarca | Madrid metropolitan area |
| Founded | 11th century |
| Government | |
| • Alcalde | Ignacio Vázquez Casavilla (PP) |
| Area | |
| • City | 84.1 km2 (32.49 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 568 m (1,864 ft) |
| Population (2013) | |
| • Urban | 127,132 |
| • Demonym | Torrejonero |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (EST) |
| Website | Torrejon.es |
Torrejón de Ardoz (Spanish pronunciation: [toreˈxon de aɾˈðoθ]) is a municipality in the autonomous community of Madrid, Spain.
It is located 20 km east of the city of Madrid, on the Autovía A-2 (Madrid-Barcelona highway). It is essentially a dormitory town, mostly consisting of apartments, a large mall and a park containing models of many famous European landmarks. It can be reached by bus from Avenida de América bus station in Madrid (approx. 25 minutes) or by commuter train from Madrid Atocha railway station (in roughly 30 minutes).
The European Union Satellite Centre, an agency of the European Union, is located in Torrejón de Ardoz. It is also the location of the headquarters of the Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, the Spanish space agency.
There is also a military airbase in Torrejón de Ardoz. This base receives business jets, and its runway can be seen to the right when landing at Madrid's Barajas airport. For years, the United States Air Force occupied the base under agreements made with Francisco Franco, protecting NATO's southern flank. One of the election platforms of Felipe González's Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) was to close the base to the American fighter wing. González having been elected, the lease of the then 401st Tactical Fighter Wing (now the 401st Air Expeditionary Wing) was not renewed and the F-16 fighter wing left the base in the early 1990s.
History
The Spanish word for "tower" is torre, and "ón" is a common suffix added to emphasize unusual size or stature; therefore, one possible translation of torrejón would be "huge tower". While there is no certainty of the origin of Torrejón de Ardoz, it probably dates from the 12th century, associated to fortifications built to protect Alcalá de Henares.[1]
In 1843 it was the place of a short battle between general Ramón Narvaez and senator Antonio Seoane, as part of the rebellion against Espartero.[2]
During the opening stages of the Spanish Civil War, the fields between Torrejón and Paracuellos del Jarama were the site of the Paracuellos massacre, in which many Nationalist soldiers and alleged civilian supporters were killed by Republican militiamen.
Recently, it was the birthplace of former Toronto Raptors forward Jorge Garbajosa, Real Madrid midfielder Guti, Oregon governor Kate Brown and professional wrestler Glenn Jacobs, better known by his ring name Kane. The last two were children of US airmen based there.
Climate
| Climate data for Torrejon de Ardoz 607m (1981-2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.0 (69.8) |
24.2 (75.6) |
28.2 (82.8) |
31.7 (89.1) |
36.9 (98.4) |
40.4 (104.7) |
41.6 (106.9) |
40.8 (105.4) |
39.0 (102.2) |
32.2 (90.0) |
25.0 (77.0) |
20.5 (68.9) |
41.6 (106.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.8 (51.4) |
13.1 (55.6) |
17.1 (62.8) |
18.8 (65.8) |
23.2 (73.8) |
29.6 (85.3) |
33.3 (91.9) |
32.7 (90.9) |
27.8 (82.0) |
21.0 (69.8) |
14.8 (58.6) |
11.0 (51.8) |
21.1 (70.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) |
7.3 (45.1) |
10.5 (50.9) |
12.4 (54.3) |
16.4 (61.5) |
21.9 (71.4) |
25.2 (77.4) |
24.8 (76.6) |
20.6 (69.1) |
15.0 (59.0) |
9.6 (49.3) |
6.4 (43.5) |
14.7 (58.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.5 (32.9) |
1.4 (34.5) |
3.8 (38.8) |
5.9 (42.6) |
9.6 (49.3) |
14.1 (57.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
16.9 (62.4) |
13.4 (56.1) |
9.0 (48.2) |
4.3 (39.7) |
1.7 (35.1) |
8.2 (46.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −11.1 (12.0) |
−13.8 (7.2) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
4.5 (40.1) |
6.6 (43.9) |
6.8 (44.2) |
3.6 (38.5) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−10.2 (13.6) |
−13.8 (7.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 29 (1.1) |
31 (1.2) |
23 (0.9) |
40 (1.6) |
48 (1.9) |
19 (0.7) |
13 (0.5) |
9 (0.4) |
25 (1.0) |
50 (2.0) |
49 (1.9) |
42 (1.7) |
385 (15.2) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 5 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 56 |
| Average snowy days | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 77 | 70 | 60 | 59 | 55 | 44 | 38 | 39 | 50 | 65 | 74 | 79 | 59 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 149 | 163 | 202 | 216 | 268 | 320 | 359 | 332 | 241 | 189 | 149 | 124 | 2,712 |
| Source: AEMET[3] | |||||||||||||
References
See also
Municipalities of the Madrid Metropolitan Area | ||
|---|---|---|
| 3,000,000+ |  | |
| 200,000+ | ||
| 150,000+ | ||
| 100,000+ | ||
| 50,000+ | ||
| 25,000+ | ||
