1882 United States House of Representatives elections
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All 325 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives 163 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Elections results from the 1882 elections | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1882 for the 48th Congress, during President Chester A. Arthur's term.
Arthur's Republican Party was badly defeated, losing its majority to the opposition Democratic Party after a campaign that focused on the resistance of Republican leaders to reforming the Spoils system under which government jobs were handed to supporters of winning candidates. After the election, Arthur agreed with the Democrats to pass the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, establishing a professional civil service. However, his actions were too late, as the image of the Republican Party as corrupt was already engrained in the minds of voters. This election also saw the decline of the pro-paper money Greenback Party, and the pick up of several Virginian seats by the Readjuster Party which promoted fiscal responsibility and shunned elitism, though the Virginia-based Readjuster Party all but disappeared following this election.
Election summaries
Following the 1880 Census, 32 new seats were apportioned.[2] Three States lost 1 seat each, 13 States had no change in apportionment, 14 States gained 1 seat each, 6 States gained 2 seats, 1 State gained 4 seats, and 1 State gained 5 seats. Several States that gained one or more seats did not redistrict immediately, electing the new Representatives at-large, while one state (Maine) which lost a Representative also delayed redistricting, electing all of its Representatives at-large for this Congress only.
196 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 117 |
Democratic | ID | Rj | I | Gb | IR | Republican |
State | Type | Total seats |
Democratic | Republican | Others | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||
Alabama | District | 8 | ![]() |
7 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Arkansas | District + at-large[Note 8] |
5 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
California | District + 2 at-large[Note 8] |
6 | ![]() |
6 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Colorado | At-large | 1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Connecticut | District | 4 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Delaware | At-large | 1 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Florida | District | 2 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Georgia | District + at-large[Note 8] |
10 | ![]() |
10 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Illinois | District | 20 | ![]() |
9[Note 9] | ![]() |
11 | ![]() |
0 | |
Indiana | District | 13 | ![]() |
10 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Iowa[Note 10] | District | 11 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
7 | ![]() |
1[Note 11] | ![]() |
Kansas | District + 4 at-large[Note 8] |
7 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
7 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Kentucky | District | 11 | ![]() |
9[Note 9] | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Louisiana | District | 6 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Maine[Note 10] | At-large[Note 12] | 4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Maryland | District | 6 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Massachusetts | District | 12 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
9[Note 5] | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Michigan | District | 11 | ![]() |
6 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Minnesota | District | 5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Mississippi | District | 7 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
1[Note 13] | ![]() |
Missouri | District | 14 | ![]() |
14 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Nebraska | District[Note 14] | 3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Nevada | At-large | 1 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
New Hampshire | District | 2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
New Jersey | District | 7 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
New York | District + at-large[Note 8] |
34 | ![]() |
21 | ![]() |
13 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
North Carolina | District + at-large[Note 8] |
9 | ![]() |
7[Note 9] | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Ohio[Note 10] | District | 21 | ![]() |
15 | ![]() |
6 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Oregon[Note 10] | At-large | 1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Pennsylvania | District + at-large[Note 8] |
28 | ![]() |
12 | ![]() |
15 | ![]() |
1[Note 11] | ![]() |
Rhode Island | District | 2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
South Carolina | District | 7 | ![]() |
6 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Tennessee | District | 10 | ![]() |
8 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Texas | District | 11 | ![]() |
10 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1[Note 13] | ![]() |
Vermont[Note 10] | District | 2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Virginia | District + at-large[Note 8] |
10 | ![]() |
6 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
4[Note 7] | ![]() |
West Virginia | District | 4 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Wisconsin | District | 9 | ![]() |
6 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Total | 325 | ![]() |
199[1][Note 4] 61.2% |
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118[1][Note 5] 36.3% |
![]() |
8[1] 2.8% |
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There were a total of 8 Representatives elected from third parties, 4 from the Virginia-based Readjuster Party, 2 from the declining Greenback Party, and 2 Independents. The previous election of 1880 had had 10 Greenbacks and 1 Independent.
Early election dates
In 1882, five states, with 39 seats among them, held Congressional elections before the rest of the Union:
California
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
California 1 | William Rosecrans | Democratic | 1880 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William Rosecrans (Democratic) 59.5% Paul Neuman (Republican) 38.8% James McMillan Shafter (Prohibition) 1.5% H. S. Fitch (Greenback) 0.2% |
California 2 | Horace F. Page | Republican | 1872 | Lost re-election Democratic gain. |
√ James Budd (Democratic) 50.5% Horace F. Page (Republican) 48.1% J. L. Coles (Prohibition) 1.2% F. J. Woodward (Greenback) 0.2% |
California 3 | Campbell P. Berry | Democratic | 1879 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
√ Barclay Henley (Democratic) 51.3% John J. De Haven (Republican) 45.8% H. S. Graves (Prohibition) 2% W. O. Howe (Greenback) 0.9% |
California 4 | Romualdo Pacheco | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
√ Pleasant B. Tully (Democratic) 54.4% George L. Woods (Republican) 43.3% M. V. Wright (Prohibition) 1.5% Isaac Kinley (Greenback) 0.8% |
California at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
None (New seat) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
√ John R. Glascock (Democratic) 26.5% Charles A. Sumner (Democratic) 26.5% William W. Morrow (Republican) 22.4% Henry Edgerton (Republican) 22.3% A. B. Hotchkiss (Prohibition) 0.8% Jesse Yarnell (Prohibition) 0.8% Warren Chase (Greenback) 0.3% Stephen Maybell (Greenback) 0.3% | ||
None (New seat) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
Florida
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Florida 1 | Robert H. M. Davidson | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Robert H. M. Davidson (Democratic) 51.5% Emory F. Skinner (Republican) 32.2% D. L. McKinnon (Independent Republican) 16.3% |
Florida 2 | Horatio Bisbee, Jr. | Republican | 1880[Note 17] | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Horatio Bisbee, Jr. (Republican) 50.5% Jesse J. Finley (Democratic) 49.5% |
South Carolina
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
South Carolina 1 | John S. Richardson | Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
√ Samuel Dibble (Democratic) 56.9% J. B. Campbell (Greenback/L) 43.1% |
South Carolina 2 | George D. Tillman Redistricted from the 5th district |
Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ George D. Tillman (Democratic) 67.8% E. M. Brayon (Greenback/L) 31.9% Others 0.3% |
South Carolina 3 | D. Wyatt Aiken | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ D. Wyatt Aiken (Democratic) 84.6% T. H. Russell (Greenback/L) 15.4% |
South Carolina 4 | John H. Evins | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John H. Evins (Democratic) 71.8% D. R. Elkins (Greenback/L) 27.2% |
South Carolina 5 | None (open seat) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
√ John J. Hemphill (Democratic) 56.0% E. B. C. Cash (Greenback/L) 44.0% | ||
South Carolina 6 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
√ George W. Dargan (Democratic) 64.7% Edmund H. Deas (Republican) 21.7% A. H. Bowen (Greenback/L) 13.6% | ||
South Carolina 7 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Republican gain. |
√ Edmund W. M. Mackey (Republican) 64.8% Samuel Lee (Independent Republican) 35.2% |
See also
Notes
- ^ Five states held early elections between June 5 and October 10.
- ^ Included 1 Independent Democrat (and 2 "Readjuster Democrats" – see Readjusters elsewhere).
- ^ a b Dubin (p. 263) counts 192 Democrats, 5 Readjusters, 2 Independent Democrats, 119 Republicans, 1 Liberal, 2 Greenbacks and 2 Independents (along with 2 vacancies) at the start of the 48th United States Congress.
- ^ a b Includes 3 Independent Democrats elected to IL-02, KY-01, and NC-07.
- ^ a b c Includes 1 Independent Republican, Theodore Lyman, elected to MA-09.
- ^ There were two "Readjuster Democrats" elected to the previous congress in 1880.
- ^ a b Includes 4 Readjusters elected to VA-02, VA-04, VA-09, and VA-AL.
- ^ a b c d e f g h New seat or seats added without immediate redistricting.
- ^ a b c Includes 1 Independent Democrat.
- ^ a b c d e Elections held early.
- ^ a b c d Greenback Party
- ^ Changed from districts.
- ^ a b c Independent.
- ^ Changed from at-large.
- ^ Previous election had 1 Greenback.
- ^ Previous election saw 2 "Readjuster Democrats" elected to VA-07 and VA-09.
- ^ Seated after successful electoral challenge.
References
Bibliography
- Republican Congressional Committee, The Republican Campaign Text Book for 1882 (1882).
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)