1802–03 United States Senate elections

United States Senate elections, 1802 and 1803
11 of the 34 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections); 18 seats needed for a majority
Majority party before election; Democratic-Republican;	Elected Majority party ; Democratic-Republican;

The United States Senate elections of 1802 and 1803 were elections for the United States Senate which had the Democratic-Republican Party assume an overwhelming control thereof.

As these election were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

F₇ Ran	F₈ Ran	F₉ Ran	F₁₀ Ran	F₁₁ Ran	F₁₂ Unknown	F₁₃ Unknown	F₁₄ Unknown	F₁₅ Retired	DR₁₇ Ran
DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₇	DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆ Ran
Majority →									DR₁₇ Ran
F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Beginning of the 8th Congress

F₇ Re-elected	F₈ Re-elected	F₉ Hold	V₁ Fed loss	DR₂₂ Gain	DR₂₁ Gain	DR₂₀ Gain	DR₁₉ Gain	DR₁₈ Gain	DR₁₇ Re-elected
DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₇	DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆ Re-elected
Majority →									DR₁₇ Re-elected
F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Beginning of the 1st session, October 17, 1803

DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇
Majority →									DR₁₈
F₈	F₉	DR₂₅ Gain	DR₂₄ Gain	DR₂₃ Gain	DR₂₂ Hold	DR₂₁	DR₂₀	DR₁₉	DR₁₈
F₇	F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Key:

DR_#	Democratic-Republican
F_#	Federalist
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 7th Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1803; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
New York (Class 3)	John Armstrong, Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1801 (Special)	Incumbent resigned February 5, 1802. Winner was elected February 23, 1802 to finish the term ending March 4, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ DeWitt Clinton (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
New Hampshire (Class 3)	James Sheafe (F)	Federalist	1801	Incumbent resigned June 14, 1802. Winner was elected June 17, 1802 to finish the term ending March 4, 1807. Federalist hold.	√ William Plumer (Federalist) [data missing]
South Carolina (Class 3)	John E. Colhoun	Democratic-Republican	1800	Incumbent died October 26, 1802. Winner was elected November 4, 1802 to finish the term ending March 4, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Pierce Butler (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]

Races leading to the 8th Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1803; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Connecticut	James Hillhouse	Federalist	1796	Incumbent re-elected	√ James Hillhouse (Federalist) [data missing]
Delaware	Samuel White	Federalist	1800 (Appointed) 1801 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected	√ Samuel White (Federalist) [data missing]
Maryland	John E. Howard	Federalist	1796 (Special) 1796	[data missing] Democratic-Republican gain	√ Samuel Smith (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Massachusetts	Jonathan Mason	Federalist	1800 (Special)	[data missing] Federalist hold.	√ John Quincy Adams (Federalist) [data missing]
New Jersey	Aaron Ogden	Federalist	1801 (Special)	Lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect and term began with the seat vacant Federalist loss.	None.
New York	Gouverneur Morris	Federalist	1800 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic-Republican gain	√ Theodorus Bailey (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Pennsylvania	James Ross	Federalist	1794 (Special) 1797	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1802. Democratic-Republican gain	√ Samuel Maclay (Democratic-Republican) 59.46% Isaac Weaver (Democratic-Republican) 25.23% William Maclay (Democratic-Republican) 9.91% Not voting 5.41%
Rhode Island	Theodore Foster	Federalist	1796	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1803. Democratic-Republican gain	√ Samuel J. Potter (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Tennessee	Joseph Anderson	Democratic- Republican	1799 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Joseph Anderson (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Vermont	Nathaniel Chipman	Federalist	1797 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1803. Democratic-Republican gain	√ Israel Smith (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Virginia	Stevens Mason	Democratic- Republican	1794 (Special) 1797	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Stevens Mason (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]

Special elections during the 8th Congress

In this special election, the winner was seated in 1803 some time after March 4.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Ohio (Class 1)	New seat			Ohio joined the Union in 1803. Winner was elected April 1, 1803 to finish the term ending March 4, 1809. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ John Smith (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Ohio (Class 3)	New seat			Ohio joined the Union in 1803. Winner was elected April 1, 1803 to finish the term ending March 4, 1807. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Thomas Worthington (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
New Jersey (Class 1)	John Condit	Democratic-Republican	1803 (Appointed)	Legislature had failed to elect, leaving the seat vacant at the beginning of the Congress. Condit was then appointed September 1, 1803 to continue the term. He was then elected October 1, 1803 to finish the term ending March 4, 1809.^[1]	√ John Condit (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Virginia (Class 1)	John Taylor	Democratic-Republican	1792 (Special) 1793	Predecessor Stevens T. Mason (DR) had died May 10, 1803, having just begun the new term. Interim appointee served from June 4, 1803, and did not seek election to finish the term. Winner was elected December 7, 1803 to finish the term ending March 4, 1809. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Abraham B. Venable (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]

References

^ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=112577

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov

[1] ttp://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=112577

[1]