Muhajir culture
Muhajir culture (Urdu: مہاجر ثقافت) is the culture of the various Muslims of different ethnicities who migrated mainly from North India (after the partition of British India and subsequent establishment of the Dominion of Pakistan) in 1947 generally to Karachi, the federal capital of Pakistan and before 1947 Karachi is the capital of Sindh. They consist of various ethnicities and linguistic groups.[1] The Muhajirs are mainly concentrated in Karachi and Hyderabad.
Cuisine
[edit]
Muhajir cuisine refers to the cuisine of the muhajir people and is covered under both Indian and Pakistani cuisines.[2] Muhajirs, after arriving in Karachi, have revived their old culture, including numerous desserts, savory dishes, and beverages.[3][4] The Mughal and Indo-Iranian heritage played an influential role in the making of their cuisine and therefore Muhajir cuisine tends to use royal cuisine specific to the old royal Muslim dynasties of now defunct states in ancient India.[5] [6][7] While less known dishes include Korma, kofta, Seekh kebab, Nihari, Haleem, Nargisi Koftay, Roghani Naan, naan, Sheer khurma, and Tea.[8][9]
Traditional dress
[edit]The traditional clothing of Muhajirs is the traditional clothing worn by Muslims in North India, and it has both Muslim and South Asian influences. Both Muslim men and women wear the shalwar kameez as a daily dress,[10] and kurta, pyjama and brightly-coloured waistcoats for special occasions.[11] Other traditional dresses for muhajirs include the sherwani, which is believed to have been introduced to Pakistan by Muhajirs,[12] sari, which is an un-stitched stretch of woven fabric arranged over the body like a robe[13][14] and Gharara which originated from the Nawabs' attempt to imitate the British evening gown.[15]
Festivals
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Festivals celebrated by Muhajirs include religious, political, ethnic, and national festivals. Islamic festivals which are celebrated by Muhajirs include Eid-al-Fitr celebrated to mark the end of the month-long dawn-to-sunset fasting of Ramadan, Eid-al-Adha to honour the willingness of Abraham (Ibrahim) to sacrifice his son Ishmael (Ismail) as an act of obedience to God's command, and Ashoura to mourn the death of Husayn ibn Ali and celebrate the day of salvation for Moses and the Israelites from Biblical Egypt.[16] Political celebrations include MQM Founding Day celebrated to mark the founding of the first Muhajir nationalist party Muttahida Qaumi Movement, believed to be the architect of Muhajir identity, and APMSO Founding Day celebrated to mark the founding of the first Muhajir nationalist student union All Pakistan Muhajir Students Organization.[17][18][19] Muhajirs celebrate Muhajir Cultural Day as an ethnic and cultural festival.[20] To celebrate this day, rallies depart from all areas of Karachi to Mazar-e-Quaid, and political parties and civil society organisations set up their camps to welcome participants in the rally and to express solidarity.[21]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ The crisis of Mohajir identity Harris Khalique. The News International.
- ^ Tariq, Minahil (2014-12-08). "Different cultures of Pakistan: MUHAJIR CUISINE". Different cultures of Pakistan. Retrieved 2022-08-04.
- ^ Sen, Madhurima (2019-03-24). "Nostalgia in Intizar Hussain's 'The Sea Lies Ahead': Muhajirs as a Diasporic Community". Research Gate. Archived from the original on 2023-02-09. Retrieved 2023-02-09.
- ^ "In the homes of Pakistan's Memons, age-old recipes bring nostalgia to Ramadan tables". Arab News. 2023-04-09. Retrieved 2023-05-18.
- ^ Chaudry, Rabia (2022-11-08). Fatty Fatty Boom Boom: A Memoir of Food, Fat, and Family. Algonquin Books. ISBN 978-1-64375-343-0.
- ^ Chattha, Ilyas (2022-06-16). The Punjab Borderland: Mobility, Materiality, and Militancy, 1947–1987. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316-51795-6.
- ^ "A fiery fusion". gulfnews.com. 2011-08-14. Archived from the original on 2023-05-21. Retrieved 2023-05-21.
- ^ "What dishes are common in Muhajir cuisine?". Answers. Retrieved 2023-01-12.
- ^ Falah, Gulzar (2021-05-02). "Biryani, Lahori fish, pulao ... Pakistani cuisine and its presence in the UAE". Gulf News. Archived from the original on 2022-07-12. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
- ^ Raka Shome (2014). Diana and Beyond: White Femininity, National Identity, and Contemporary Media Culture. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252096686.
- ^ "Mohajir Culture Day celebrated in city". Dawn. 2021-12-25. Retrieved 2023-02-23.
- ^ Niraalee Shah (2021). Indian Etiquette: A Glimpse Into India's Culture. Notion Press. ISBN 9781638865544.
- ^ Boulanger, Chantal (1997). Saris: an illustrated guide to the Indian art of draping. Shakti Press International. p. 55. ISBN 9780966149616.
- ^ Jermsawatdi, Promsak (1979). Thai Art with Indian Influences. ISBN 9788170170907.
- ^ H.r. Nevill (1884). The Lucknow Omnibus. p. 177.
- ^ "Karachi Festivals – Karachi Annual Events". www.karachi.com. Retrieved 2022-08-09.
- ^ "English Newspaper Coverage : 32nd foundation day of Mqm". www.mqm.org. Retrieved 2022-08-09.
- ^ "Mr. Altaf Hussain congratulates to all his loyalist comrades and the nation on 43rd foundation day of APMSO". www.mqm.org. Retrieved 2022-08-09.
- ^ "APMSO Foundation Day marked". Saudigazette. 2016-06-28. Retrieved 2023-03-05.
- ^ "Muhajir Culture Day celebrated". The Express Tribune. 2021-12-24. Retrieved 2022-08-09.
- ^ "Muhajir Culture Day celebrated". Dawn. 2022-12-25. Retrieved 2023-03-07.