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Cyclonebiskit/1929
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedJanuary 5, 1929
Last system dissipatedDecember 11, 1929
Strongest storm
NameJuly 15–21 typhoon[nb 1]
 • Maximum winds155 km/h (100 mph)
(10-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure950 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Total storms29 known[nb 2]
Total fatalities424–724
Total damage$10.25 million (1929 USD)
Pacific typhoon seasons

The 1929 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1929, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November.[1]

January

[edit]

The first tropical cyclone of the year was identified on January 5 approximately 485 km (300 mi) south of Yap in the Japanese territory of Nanyo (present-day Micronesia). Analyzed to be a tropical depression, the system tracked generally west before turning northwest on January 7. It resumed a due west motion two days and moved over the Visayas, Philippines, as a shallow depression on January 10–11. It subsequently dissipated over the Sulu Sea on January 12.[2]

A second depression was identified well to the south-southeast of Yap on January 17, near 3°N. Initially drifting north, the system turned west by January 19–20.[2] On January 21, the system crossed Palau on course for the Philippines.[3] A lack of direct observations prevented a proper analysis of its intensity and the system is assumed to have been no stronger than a tropical depression.[2] The depression moved over northern Mindinao, near Surigao City, on January 23, and later traversed the southern Visayas.[2][3][4] Torrential rains are believed to have caused significant floods, particularly in Butuan, though no reports of damage were received.[2] The system emerged over the South China Sea after crossing Palawan Island late on January 24. Turning northwest, the cyclone struck Hainan Island in the Republic of China on January 28. It was last noted the following day over the Gulf of Tonkin.[3]

April–June

[edit]

A small typhoon was identified east of Mindanao on April 25.[5][6] An American steamship, the Edgefield, sailed through the cyclone for two days, first noting encounter with the storm on April 25 around 14°26′N 126°50′E / 14.433°N 126.833°E / 14.433; 126.833 (Steamship Edgefield location on April 25, 1929). During the pre-dawn hours of April 26, the vessel traversed the eye of the typhoon where a barometric pressure of 951.5 hPa (mbar; 28.10 inHg) was measured. The Edgefield encountered winds in excess of force 12 on the Beaufort scale within the eyewall.[nb 3][6] The typhoon remained offshore and was last noted on April 29 as it turned out to sea.[5]

Reanalyzed track of the deadly May typhoon, depicting its center remaining northeast of the Bicol Region.

A tropical cyclone was identified west of Palau on May 23.[8] In situ observations did not identify the system until the following day, by which time the typhoon was roughly 160 km (100 mi) east of Samar. According to the Weather Bureau, the storm moved west-northwest and struck Samar during the overnight hours of May 24–25; the lowest observed pressure was 992.4 hPa (mbar; 29.31 inHg) in Guiuan. The Bureau maintained the storm across southeastern Luzon, traversing the Ragay Gulf, before turning north.[9] Later analyses of the system indicate that the center remained offshore, brushing the northern coast of the Catanduanes on May 26.[8] The storm struck Central Luzon late on May 26 as it began turning north and later northeast. Crossing the Balintang Channel, the storm moved out to sea and was last noted on May 29 to the south of Okinawa Island.[8][9] Although not in the direct path of the storm, flooding rains affected Leyte. Southern areas of the province sustained extensive damage,[10] with communications cut and villages isolated.[11] A total of 119 people died across the province and property damage amounted to ₱500,000 (US$250,000). Thousands of people were rendered homeless.[12] The Philippine Red Cross conducted relief operations while the Government of the Philippines authorized ₱1,000 (US$500) in benefits for survivors.[11]

Another tropical storm formed in late May over the open Pacific. The system skirted the southeast coast of Japan on June 1; the American tanker Mojave encountered Force 11 winds on this day.[nb 4] The Japanese steamer Havana Maru reported a pressure of 995.8 hPa (mbar; 29.41 inHg), the lowest in relation to the system. The system lost its identity east of Kuril Islands on June 3.[13]

Another system was identified over the South China Sea on June 1.[13] The system moved slowly northeast,[14] reaching the the Luzon Strait on June 4.[15] The Dutch steamer Kertosono encountered gale-force winds and a pressure of 1006.7 hPa (mbar; 29.73 inHg) on June 4.[13] Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau (CWB) assessed the system to have been a tropical storm with maximum sustained winds of 95 km/h (60 mph) and a central pressure of 985 hPa (mbar; 29.09 inHg).[16] The subsequent history of the storm is uncertain, with two scenarios present. In the first scenario, according to meteorologists at the Weather Bureau, the system continued along a northeast course and passed south of the Ryukyu Islands before moving out to sea.[13] The other scenario, depicted in archives at the CWB, has the cyclone turning north-northeast as it skirts the southeastern coast of Taiwan; it then brushes Yonaguni in the Yaeyama Islands before moving out of the CWB's archived map.[15] Regardless of the course it took, the system brought locally heavy rains to Taiwan, with totals peaking at 318 mm (12.5 in) in southern Pingtung County.[17] The system was last observed on June 7 well east of Japan when the Japanese steamer Ayaha Maru reported Force 8 winds and a pressure of 985.3 hPa (mbar; 29.10 inHg).[nb 5][13]

On June 27, a tropical cyclone was identified east of the Philippines.[18] The typhoon tracked steadily north and traversed the Ryukyu Islands on June 30 – July 1. A pressure of 989.3 hPa (mbar; 29.22 inHg) was observed in Naha. The storm turned northeast and traversed the Korea Strait on July 2 before meteorologists lost track of it.[19]

July

[edit]
Comparison of the Central Weather Bureau's track (left) and a reanalyzed version (right) of the July 4–11 typhoon

On July 4, a developing typhoon was identified east of Luzon. The system tracked generally northwest,[19] traversing the Luzon Strait on July 7–8.[20] A barometer in Basco, Philippines, observed a pressure of 988.4 hPa (mbar; 29.19 inHg) during the storm's passage.[19] The system reached its peak strength with winds of 130 km/h (80 mph) and a pressure of 970 hPa (mbar; 28.65 inHg) early on July 8, according to the CWB.[16][21] Weakening slightly, the storm made landfall over Taitung County, Taiwan.[21] A separate analysis indicates the system to have remained offshore, skirting Taiwan to the southwest.[20] Heavy rains fell across the southern half of Taiwan, with peak accumulations between 600 and 700 mm (24 and 28 in).[22] A total of 397 homes were destroyed and another 38 were damaged by the storm; one person was injured.[16] The original circulation soon dissipated over the island's mountainous terrain, with a new one forming farther west. Thereafter, the system traversed the Taiwan Strait and struck Fujian Province, China, as a tropical storm on July 9.[21] It was last noted early on July 11.[20]

Another typhoon was identified on July 15 between Guam and the Philippines. The system tracked generally west for two days and turned north on July 17 as it neared Luzon.[23] The typhoon passed close to Ishigaki Island early on July 18; a pressure of 979.9 hPa (mbar; 28.94 inHg) was observed on the island.[19] The CWB assessed the storm to have attained winds of 155 km/h (100 mph) and a pressure of 950 hPa (mbar; 28.06 inHg).[16] It then turned west and clipped northern Taiwan late on July 18.[19][24] Heavy rains affected much of Taiwan, with the highest totals observed along the southeastern mountains; accumulations peaked between 600 and 700 mm (24 and 28 in).[25] Five people died and another five sustained injury. A total of 193 homes were destroyed while 8,112 sustained damage.[16] The storm then weakened somewhat to 130 km/h (80 mph) before making landfall over mainland China on July 19.[19][24] It was last noted on July 21 well inland over the nation.[23]

The third tropical cyclone to impact Taiwan in July was first identified on July 26 about 400 km (250 mi) east of Luzon.[19] Tracking northwest, the system reached its peak strength on July 28 with winds of 110 km/h (70 mph) and a pressure of 980 hPa (mbar; 28.94 inHg). The storm struck Taitung County shortly thereafter; a secondary circulation developed early on July 29 over the Taiwan Strait and soon became the dominant center.[26] Effects in Taiwan were limited, with ten homes damaged or destroyed. A 24-hour rainfall of 426.9 mm (16.81 in) was observed in Hengchun.[16] A weak tropical storm, the cyclone moved inland over Fujian Province, China, later that day before dissipating.[26]

The final typhoon of July formed near the Paracel Islands in the South China Sea on July 26.[19] Tracking west-northwest, the storm crossed Hainan Island on July 28 and emerged over the Gulf of Tonkin the following day.[27] The typhoon made landfall near Hanoi, Vietnam, early on July 30; hurricane-force winds and a pressure of 986.3 hPa (mbar; 29.13 inHg) were observed in Phu Lien.[19] The system turned southwest once onshore and dissipated on July 31.[27]

August

[edit]
Surface weather analysis of a typhoon approaching Hong Kong on August 22

A tropical cyclone was identified on August 5 well east of Luzon.[28] Tracking west-northwest, the "ordinary typhoon" reached the Luzon Strait on August 9. It passed northeast of Basco, Philippines, where a pressure of 990.4 hPa (mbar; 29.25 inHg) was observed.[29] Owing to crop failures and the effects of the storm, the Batanes suffered acute food shortages. The Philippine government dispatched the steamship Bustamante with supplies.[30] Turning northwest, the typhoon struck Taiwan on August 11 and emerged over the Taiwan Strait the following day.[28][29] Torrential rains fell across much of the island, with Chiayi County recording peak accumulations between 1,500 and 1,600 mm (59 and 63 in). Many areas along the south-central interior mountains saw rainfall totals in excess of 1,000 mm (39 in).[31] Widespread damage occurred with 1,195 homes destroyed. Thirty-two people were killed across the island.[16] After moving inland over Fujian Province, China, the system turned north.[28] It later passed near Shanghai before traversing the Yellow Sea on August 15. Accelerating northeast, the system was last noted on August 17 over the Sea of Japan.[29]

On August 19, an unusually small tropical cyclone is believed to have developed over the Luzon Strait. Owing to a lack of data coupled with the storm's small scale, the system may have originated farther east. Data from the steamships Bustamante and Pathfinder confirmed the existence of a westward moving, typhoon-force system over the Balintang Channel on August 20. Observations from the Pratas Islands and the steamer Laomedon indicate the typhoon turned abruptly north-northwest on August 21.[29] Accordingly, tropical cyclone warnings were raised across British Hong Kong for 28 hours and 15 minutes starting on this day.[32] The typhoon turned west-northwest as it neared the Chinese coastline and passed within a few kilometers of Hong Kong around 1:30 p.m. HKT (05:30 UTC).[29] Maximum sustained winds of 106 km/h (66 mph) with a peak gust of 187 km/h (116 mph) were observed in the city.[32] Additionally, the pressure fell to 979.9 hPa (mbar; 28.94 inHg).[29] Multiple buildings collapsed across Hong Kong Island and Kowloon and the pier at Mong Kok sustained significant damage. Fourteen seagoing vessels sank during the storm or were washed ashore.[32][33] Two Chinese gunboats sank with a loss of 30 crew.[34] Across Hong Kong seven people died while thirteen others sustained injury.[32] The typhoon was regarded as the worst to affect the territory in six years.[29] Once clear of Hong Kong, the system moved inland over southern China and was last noted on August 24.[35]

A tropical cyclone was identified over the Paracel Islands on August 31. The system tracked northwest and was last noted on September 2 to the west of Hainan Island.[36]

September

[edit]

On September 1, a slow-moving typhoon was identified east of the Bicol Region, Philippines. Early on the morning of September 3, local time, the typhoon passed close to Camarines Norte; a pressure of 954.5 hPa (mbar; 28.19 inHg) was observed in Polillo, Quezon.[37] Thereafter, the typhoon moved inland over Aurora Province on September 4. Accelerating west, the system emerged over the South China Sea and brushed the Paracel Islands on September 6. It was last noted approaching Vietnam the following day.[38] The system brought torrential rains to the Visayas and Luzon, with a 48 hour total of 879.9 mm (34.64 in) observed in Virac, Catanduanes. Widespread flooding ensued across the nation, causing considerable damage.[37] The entirety of Albay province was reportedly flooded. Multiple landslides on the Mayon Volcano destroyed hundreds of homes and twelve bridges.[39] Communications across Luzon were crippled by the storm, hampering initial relief efforts.[40] Seventeen people drowned when the Pasig River burst its banks. Damage in Pampanga alone reached ₱10 million (US$5 million).[41] Crops were devastated in multiple provinces; Sorsogon reported ₱300,000 (US$150,000) in damage.[42] Manila's water supply was crippled due to the storm,[37] prompting water rationing and concerns of post-storm diseases.[43] The town of Infanta was particularly hard-hit when three flooded rivers converged; the area was covered by 3.0 m (10 ft) and more than 50 people died.[44] Offshore, the steamship Mayon sank during the storm with 40 aboard; 22 were rescued while 18 died.[45][46] All told, 200–500 people perished across Luzon, approximately 25,000 homes were damaged or destroyed, and losses exceeded ₱20 million (US$10 million).[37][47][48] The Red Cross conducted extensive relief efforts and the USS Edsall aided in supply distribution.[44]

On September 5, a small typhoon was identified more than 645 km (400 mi) east of the Balintang Channel. Over the next five days it moved along a northwesterly path, brushing the Ryukyu Islands before turning back to the south and southwest. It was last noted on September 11 as it dissipated over open waters.[37]

A typhoon was noted roughly 485 km (300 mi) north of Guam on September 6 and moving northeast. No further details about this storm are known.[37]

A tropical cyclone was identified on September 6 just west of Guam. Moving briskly to the west-northwest, the system gradually turned to the north and northeast, brushing the Ryukyu Islands on September 9.[49] The storm accelerated along this course and passed southeast of mainland Japan the following day before it was last noted on September 11 over the open Pacific.[37] Numerous trees, telephone lines, and telegraph lines were downed by high winds across Japan.[50] The storm succeeded five days of heavy rain and triggered damaging floods;[51] more than 3,000 homes were inundated across Tokyo.[52]

A small typhoon was identified over Camarines on September 17. Torrential rains fell across the province, triggering tremendous floods. The entirety of Nabua was submerged by more than 0.91 m (3 ft) of water.[37] At least 26 people died and more than 7,000 homes collapsed.[53] Thereafter, the typhoon moved northwest across Luzon, passing just north of Manila, and emerged over the South China Sea on September 18.[37] The system soon acquired a westerly course; it moved south of Hainan Island on September 20 and was last noted on September 21 over the Gulf of Tonkin.[54]

Also on September 17, a typhoon was identified over the Philippine Sea.[55] The storm eventually struck the Ryukyu Islands, with unknown impacts, and turned northeast. It was last noted accelerating over the open ocean southeast of Japan.[37]

A typhoon was identified over the Philippine Sea on September 27, following a similar path to the previous system. Initially tracking north-northwest, the cyclone curved to the northeast and struck Japan on September 30.[37] Press reports stated that Japanese Empress Kōjun, wife of Emperor Hirohito, gave birth to her third daughter—Kazuko Takatsukasa—during the onslaught of a "severe typhoon" in Tokyo.[56] No further details on this storm are known.[37]

October–December

[edit]

October 1–5

October 6–12

October 8–11

October 15–18

October 21–26

November 8–15: Five people were killed in Bohol and extensive damage to infrastructure was incurred.[57]

November 21–26

December 5–11

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The July July 15–21 typhoon is the de facto strongest storm of the year due to scarce data.
  2. ^ Total storms indicates the collective number of tropical cyclones identified throughout the 1929 season.
  3. ^ Force 12 indicates winds in excess of 117.4 km/h (72.9 mph).[7]
  4. ^ Force 11 indicates winds in between 102.4 and 117.4 km/h (63.6 and 72.9 mph).[7]
  5. ^ Force 8 indicates winds in between 61.8 and 74.6 km/h (38.4 and 46.4 mph).[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Padgett, Gary; Wallace, John; Boyle, Kevin; Clarke, Simon (August 17, 2003). May, 2003 (.TXT) (Report). Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary. Typhoon 2000. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e Coronas, José (January 1929). "Typhoons and Depressions – Southern Part of the Philippines Visited by Two Depressions at the Beginning of 1929" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 57 (1). Manila, Philippines: American Meteorological Society: 35–36. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1929)57<35b:TADPOT>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved September 25, 2015. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
  3. ^ a b c Knapp, Kenneth R.; Kruk, Michael C.; Levinson, David H.; Diamond, Howard J.; Neumann, Charles J. (2010). 1929 Missing (1929020N07139). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  4. ^ "Philippine Isles Swept By Storm". Oakland Tribune. Manila, Philippines. Associated Press. January 24, 1929. p. 2A. Retrieved September 25, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  5. ^ a b Knapp, Kenneth R.; Kruk, Michael C.; Levinson, David H.; Diamond, Howard J.; Neumann, Charles J. (2010). 1929 Missing (1929115N08130). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  6. ^ a b Hurd, Willis E. (September 1929). "Further Note on the Philippine Typhoon of April 25–26, 1929" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 57 (9). American Meteorological Society: 398. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1929)57<398a:FNOTPT>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  7. ^ a b c The Beaufort Scale (PDF) (Report). National Meteorological Library and Archive Fact Sheet 6. Met Office. n.d. Retrieved September 25, 2015.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  8. ^ a b c Knapp, Kenneth R.; Kruk, Michael C.; Levinson, David H.; Diamond, Howard J.; Neumann, Charles J. (2010). 1929 Missing (1929144N08133). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  9. ^ a b Coronas, José (May 1929). "Typhoons and Depressions" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 57 (5). American Meteorological Society: 224. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1929)57<224:TAD>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved September 25, 2015. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
  10. ^ "Ten Killed In Philippines by Typhoon Friday". Corsicana Daily Sun. Manila, Philippines. Associated Press. May 28, 1929. p. 1. Retrieved September 25, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  11. ^ a b "Philippine Typhoon Claims 112 Lives; Towns Isolated". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Manila, Philippines. Associated Press. May 29, 1929. p. 20. Retrieved September 25, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  12. ^ "Quarter Million Damage By Philippine Typhoon". The Hutchinson News. Manila, Philippines. Associated Press. May 30, 1929. p. 12. Retrieved September 25, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  13. ^ a b c d e Hurd, Willis E. (June 1929). "North Pacific Ocean" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 57 (6). American Meteorological Society: 269–270. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1929)57<269b:NPO>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  14. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R.; Kruk, Michael C.; Levinson, David H.; Diamond, Howard J.; Neumann, Charles J. (2010). 1929 Missing (1929155N18117). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  15. ^ a b 1929年6月3-4日 B128颱風: 逐時路徑圖 [June 3–4, 1929, Typhoon B128 hourly positions] (.GIF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. 1929. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g 侵臺颱風綱要表 (1897～2008) [Outline of typhoon impacts in Taiwan (1897–2008)] (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. February 5, 2009. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
  17. ^ 1929年6月3-4日 B128颱風: 臺灣全區總雨量 [June 3–4, 1929, Typhoon B128 regional rainfall totals in Taiwan] (.GIF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. 1929. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  18. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R.; Kruk, Michael C.; Levinson, David H.; Diamond, Howard J.; Neumann, Charles J. (2010). 1929 Missing (1929179N13128). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i Coronas, José (July 1929). "Five Typhoons in the Far East During July, 1929" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 57 (7). American Meteorological Society: 311. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1929)57<311:FTITFE>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved September 25, 2015. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
  20. ^ a b c Knapp, Kenneth R.; Kruk, Michael C.; Levinson, David H.; Diamond, Howard J.; Neumann, Charles J. (2010). 1929 Missing (1929189N19124). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  21. ^ a b c 1929年7月7-9日 B129颱風: 逐時路徑圖 [July 7–9, 1929, Typhoon B129 hourly positions] (.GIF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. 1929. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  22. ^ 1929年7月7-9日 B129颱風: 臺灣全區總雨量 [July 7–9, 1929, Typhoon B129 regional rainfall totals in Taiwan] (.GIF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. 1929. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  23. ^ a b Knapp, Kenneth R.; Kruk, Michael C.; Levinson, David H.; Diamond, Howard J.; Neumann, Charles J. (2010). 1929 Missing (1929196N17132). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  24. ^ a b 1929年7月17-19日 B130颱風: 逐時路徑圖 [July 17–19, 1929, Typhoon B130 hourly positions] (.GIF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. 1929. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  25. ^ 1929年7月17-19日 B130颱風: 臺灣全區總雨量 [July 17–19, 1929, Typhoon B130 regional rainfall totals in Taiwan] (.GIF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. 1929. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  26. ^ a b 1929年7月28-29日 B131颱風: 逐時路徑圖 [July 28–29, 1929, Typhoon B131 hourly positions] (.GIF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. 1929. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  27. ^ a b Knapp, Kenneth R.; Kruk, Michael C.; Levinson, David H.; Diamond, Howard J.; Neumann, Charles J. (2010). 1929 Missing (1929208N18114). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  28. ^ a b c Knapp, Kenneth R.; Kruk, Michael C.; Levinson, David H.; Diamond, Howard J.; Neumann, Charles J. (2010). 1929 Missing (1929217N18133). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g Coronas, José (August 1929). "One Formosa and One Hong Kong Typhoon in August, 1929" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 57 (8). American Meteorological Society: 355. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1929)57<355:OFAOHK>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved September 26, 2015. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
  30. ^ "Shortage Of Food Hits Philippines". Nevada State Journal. Manila, Philippines. Associated Press. August 13, 1929. p. 2. Retrieved September 26, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  31. ^ "Isohyetal Map of No.131 Typhoon Storm Rainfall (MM)" (.GIF) (in Chinese and English). Central Weather Bureau. 1929. Retrieved September 26, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  32. ^ a b c d A Review of Natural Disasters of the Past (PDF) (Report). Weathering The Storm (in Chinese and English). Hong Kong, China: Hong Kong Observatory. pp. 70–71, 74–75, 80–81, 88–89, 105–106.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  33. ^ "Typhoon From Sea Inflicts Damages". Oshkosh Daily Northwestern. British Hong Kong. United Press. August 21, 1929. p. 2. Retrieved September 26, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  34. ^ "Two Gunboats Sink As Typhoon Strikes". The News-Herald. British Hong Kong. United Press. August 23, 1929. p. 1. Retrieved September 26, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  35. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R.; Kruk, Michael C.; Levinson, David H.; Diamond, Howard J.; Neumann, Charles J. (2010). 1929 Missing (1929233N19121). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  36. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R.; Kruk, Michael C.; Levinson, David H.; Diamond, Howard J.; Neumann, Charles J. (2010). 1929 Missing (1929244N15113). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Coronas, José (September 1929). "Typhoons and Depressions – a Destructive Typhoon Over Southern and Central Luzon on September 2 and 3, 1929" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 57 (9). American Meteorological Society: 398–399. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1929)57<398b:TADDTO>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved September 26, 2015. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
  38. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R.; Kruk, Michael C.; Levinson, David H.; Diamond, Howard J.; Neumann, Charles J. (2010). 1929 Missing (1929245N15127). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  39. ^ "Crisis Faced by Filipinos When Typhoon Hits Island". The Ogden Standard Examiner. Manila, Philippines. United Press. September 6, 1929. p. 15. Retrieved September 26, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  40. ^ "28 Missing After Steamship, Caught In Typhoon Off Island of Luzon, Sinks". The Evening Review. International News Service. September 3, 1929. p. 1. Retrieved September 26, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  41. ^ "17 Persons Drown In Torrent". The Montana Standard. Manila, Philippines. Associated Press. September 5, 1929. p. 1. Retrieved September 26, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  42. ^ "Great Devastation in Typhoon's Wake". Dunkirk Evening Observer. Manila, Philippines. Associated Press. September 4, 1929. p. 1. Retrieved September 26, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  43. ^ "Disease Follows Manila Typhoon". The Bend Bulletin. Manila, Philippines. United Press. September 5, 1929. p. 6. Retrieved September 26, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  44. ^ a b "Governor Davis Flies To Scene Of Recent Typhoon". Oshkosh Daily Northwestern. Manila, Philippines. Associated Press. September 12, 1929. p. 13. Retrieved September 29, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  45. ^ "Find 7 Bodies of Typhoon Victims". Kingsport Times. Manila, Philippines. Associated Press. September 4, 1929. p. 3. Retrieved September 26, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  46. ^ "Water Famine Facing Manila After Typhoon". The Evening Herald. Manila, Philippines. Associated Press. September 6, 1929. p. 8. Retrieved September 26, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  47. ^ "126 Dead, 210 Missing, 10 Million Loss In Typhoon". The Courier-Express. Manila, Philippines. United Press. September 7, 1929. p. 1. Retrieved September 26, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  48. ^ "National Report of Red Cross Shows Aid Rendered in Disasters During Year for 856,000 People in 364 Countries". Medford Mail Tribune. October 25, 1929. p. 2. Retrieved September 29, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  49. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R.; Kruk, Michael C.; Levinson, David H.; Diamond, Howard J.; Neumann, Charles J. (2010). 1929 Missing (1929249N13143). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
  50. ^ "Typhoon Hits Japan". Altoona Mirror. Tokyo, Japan. September 10, 1929. p. 1. Retrieved September 29, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  51. ^ "Typhoon Hits [Tokyo]". The Morning Herald. Tokyo, Japan. International News Service. September 11, 1929. p. 18. Retrieved September 29, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  52. ^ "[Tokyo] Flooded By Three-Day Downpour". The Vidette-Messenger. Tokyo, Japan. United Press. September 10, 1929. p. 3. Retrieved September 29, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  53. ^ "26 Persons Die in Philippine Typhoon". The Iola Register. Manila, Philippines. United Press. September 20, 1929. p. 1. Retrieved September 29, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  54. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R.; Kruk, Michael C.; Levinson, David H.; Diamond, Howard J.; Neumann, Charles J. (2010). 1929 Missing (1929261N13129). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
  55. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R.; Kruk, Michael C.; Levinson, David H.; Diamond, Howard J.; Neumann, Charles J. (2010). 1929 Missing (1929261N15136). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
  56. ^ "Japanese Empress Is Mother Of Daughter". Tyrone Daily Herald. Tokyo, Japan. United Press. September 30, 1929. p. 1. Retrieved December 22, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  57. ^ "Typhoon Drowns Five". Oshkosh Daily Northwestern. Manila, Philippines. Associated Press. November 12, 1929. p. 1. Retrieved September 26, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
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