User:Exoplanetaryscience/sandbox
oh don't mind me, just working on some stuff on minor planets & exoplanets
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(an artist's rendition of a box)
List of comets
[edit]Good news, ~20-40 people who were seeing my list under construction! I finally finished it! At more than half a million bytes, it's the fourth (almost third) longest article in all of Wikipedia! There's still plenty to do, though. Any help you can do now is appreciated!
A106fgF
[edit]Discovery | |
---|---|
Discovered by | ATLAS–MLO |
Discovery site | Mauna Loa Obs. |
Discovery date | 22 January 2018 |
Designations | |
NEO · Apollo | |
Orbital characteristics | |
Epoch 22 January 2018 (JD 2458140.5) | |
Uncertainty parameter 10 | |
Observation arc | 39 minutes |
Aphelion | 1.5 ± 0.2 AU |
Perihelion | 0.94 ± 0.02 AU |
1.25 ± 0.09 AU | |
Eccentricity | 0.24 ± 0.07 |
1.39 yr (507 days) | |
336 ± 1° | |
0° 42m 36s ± 0° 4m 12s / day | |
Inclination | 5 ± 1.5° |
122.6 ± 0.15° | |
38 ± 4° | |
Earth MOID | 0 AU (0 LD) |
Physical characteristics | |
1–4 m (assumed) | |
0.05–0.3 (assumed) | |
~18.5 (observed) | |
~31.2 | |
A106fgF was an unconfirmed object discovered on 22 January 2018 by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS). It was discovered in 4 images spanning less than 40 minutes, but was only recognized 6 hours later, by which point it was too late to follow up.
Orbital calculations by several sources including the ATLAS team, JPL Horizons, the Minor Planet Center, and Projectpluto, showed that the object had a 9% chance of impacting Earth at ~19:00 UTC on the same day. With a nominal size of 1-4 meters, it should have been detectable to various fireball-detecting satellites as a fireball with an energy of 0.02-2.6 kilotons. If it did hit, it would have impacted over a region between the south Atlantic Ocean, southern Africa, the Indian Ocean, Indonesia, or in the western Pacific ocean near Chuuk. An impact further west (in the Atlantic) would have meant the asteroid was discovered further away, and therefore larger, and further east (in the Pacific) would have meant that the asteroid was discovered nearer, and therefore smaller.
List of Iridium Satellites
[edit]The following is a list of past and present satellites in the Iridium satellite constellation.
Satellite not launched | |
---|---|
Operational & used | |
Operational & spare | |
Intentionally deorbited | |
Partially functional | |
nonfunctional | |
deorbited | |
destroyed |
Satellite name | Launch date | Functional status | Orbital status | Date of reentry | Functional lifetime (days) | Orbital lifetime (days) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Not launched | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
2 | 1998-11-06 | Nunfunctional? | Drifting | In orbit | 4 | 9528 |
3 | 1998-08-19 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-02-08 | 7113 | 7113 |
4 | 1997-05-05 | Nonfunctional? | Drifting | In orbit | 5520 | 10078 |
5 | 1997-05-05 | Functional | Intentionally deorbiting | In orbit | 10078 | 10078 |
6 | 1997-05-05 | Decayed | Decayed | 2017-12-23 | 7346? | 7354 |
7 | 1997-05-05 | Nonfunctional? | Drifting? | In orbit | 7346? | 10078 |
8 | 1997-05-05 | Decayed | Decayed | 2017-11-24 | 7508 | 7508 |
9 | 1997-06-18 | Decayed | Decayed | 2003-03-11 | 1215 | 2092 |
10 | 1997-06-18 | Functional | Intentionally deorbiting | In orbit | 10034 | 10034 |
911 | 1997-06-18 | Nonfunctional | Drifting | In orbit | 0 | 10034 |
11 | 1998-12-19 | Functional | Used as spare | In orbit | 9485 | 9485 |
12 | 1997-06-18 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-09-02 | 7746 | 7746 |
13 | 1997-06-18 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-04-29 | 7620 | 7620 |
914 | 1997-06-18 | Nonfunctional | Drifting | In orbit | 0 | 10034 |
14 | 1999-06-11 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 9311 | 9311 |
15 | 1997-07-09 | Functional | Used as spare | In orbit | 10013 | 10013 |
16 | 1997-06-18 | Functional? | Used as spare? | In orbit | 10034 | 10034 |
17 | 1997-07-09 | Nonfunctional | Drifting | In orbit | 2959 | 10013 |
18 | 1997-07-09 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-08-19 | 7711 | 7711 |
19 | 1997-09-27 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-04-07 | 7497 | 7497 |
920 | 1997-07-09 | Nonfunctional | Drifting | In orbit | 0 | 10013 |
20 | 1998-12-19 | Functional | Used as spare | In orbit | 9485 | 9485 |
921 | 1997-07-09 | Nonfunctional | Drifting | In orbit | 0 | 10013 |
21 | 1999-06-11 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-05-24 | 6922 | 6922 |
22 | 1997-08-21 | Nonfunctional? | Drifting? | In orbit | 7445? | 9970 |
23 | 1997-08-21 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-03-28 | 7524/0 | 7524 |
24 | 1997-08-21 | Nonfunctional | Drifting | In orbit | <9970 | 9970 |
25 | 1997-08-21 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-05-14 | 7571 | 7571 |
26 | 1997-08-21 | Nonfunctional | Drifting | In orbit | 0 | 9970 |
27 | 1997-09-14 | Decayed | Decayed | 2002-02-01 | 1601 | 1601 |
28 | 1997-09-14 | Nonfunctional | Drifting | In orbit | 0 | 9946 |
29 | 1997-09-14 | Nonfunctional | Drifting | In orbit | 6026 | 9946 |
30 | 1997-09-14 | Decayed | Decayed | 2017-09-28 | 7319 | 7319 |
31 | 1997-09-14 | Functional | Used as spare | In orbit | 9946 | 9946 |
32 | 1997-09-14 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 9946 | 9946 |
33 | 1997-09-14 | Destroyed | Destroyed | 2009-02-10 (Destroyed) | 4167 | 4167 |
34 | 1997-09-27 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-01-08 | 7408 | 7408 |
35 | 1997-09-27 | Functional | Used as spare | In orbit | 9933 | 9933 |
36 | 1997-09-27 | Nonfunctional | Drifting | In orbit | 0 | 9933 |
37 | 1997-09-27 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-05-26 | 7546 | 7546 |
38 | 1997-11-09 | Partially functional | Drifting | In orbit | 9890? | 9890 |
39 | 1997-11-09 | Partially functional? | Drifting | In orbit | 9890? | 9890 |
40 | 1997-11-09 | Functional | Intentionally deorbiting | In orbit | 9890 | 9890 |
41 | 1997-11-09 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-07-28 | 7566 | 7566 |
42 | 1997-12-08 | Nonfunctional | Drifting | In orbit | 6099 | 9861 |
43 | 1997-11-09 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-02-11 | 7399 | 7399 |
44 | 1997-12-08 | Nonfunctional | Drifting | In orbit | <9861 | 9861 |
45 | 1997-12-20 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 9849 | 9849 |
46 | 1997-12-20 | Functional | Intentionally deorbiting | In orbit | 9849 | 9849 |
47 | 1997-12-20 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-09-01 | 7560 | 7560 |
48 | 1997-12-20 | Decayed | Decayed | 2001-05-05 | 1232 | 1232 |
49 | 1997-12-20 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-02-13 | 7360 | 7360 |
50 | 1998-02-18 | Functional | Intentionally deorbiting | In orbit | 9789 | 9789 |
51 | 1998-03-25 | Functional | Intentionally deorbiting | In orbit | 9754 | 9754 |
52 | 1998-02-18 | Functional | Used as spare | In orbit | 9789 | 9789 |
53 | 1998-02-18 | Functional | Intentionally deorbiting | In orbit | 9789 | 9789 |
54 | 1998-02-18 | Functional | Used as spare | In orbit | 9789 | 9789 |
55 | 1998-03-30 | Functional | Used as spare | In orbit | 9749 | 9749 |
56 | 1998-02-18 | Functional | Intentionally deorbiting | In orbit | 9789 | 9789 |
57 | 1998-03-30 | Nonfunctional | Drifting | In orbit | 6611 | 9749 |
58 | 1998-03-30 | Functional | Used as spare | In orbit | 9749 | 9749 |
59 | 1998-03-30 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 9749 | 9749 |
60 | 1998-03-30 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 9749 | 9749 |
61 | 1998-03-25 | Functional | Used as spare | In orbit | 9754 | 9754 |
62 | 1998-04-07 | Functional | Used as spare | In orbit | 9741 | 9741 |
63 | 1998-04-07 | Nonfunctional | Drifting | In orbit | 5979 | 9741 |
64 | 1998-04-07 | Functional | Used as spare | In orbit | 9741 | 9741 |
65 | 1998-04-07 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-07-17 | 7406 | 7406 |
66 | 1998-04-07 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-08-23 | 7443 | 7443 |
67 | 1998-04-07 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-07-02 | 7391 | 7391 |
68 | 1998-04-07 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-06-08 | 7367 | 7367 |
69 | 1998-05-02 | Nonfunctional | Drifting | In orbit | <9716 | 9716 |
70 | 1998-05-17 | Functional | Used as spare | In orbit | 9701 | 9701 |
71 | 1998-05-02 | Nonfunctional | Drifting | In orbit | <9716 | 9716 |
72 | 1998-05-17 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-05-14 | 7302 | 7302 |
73 | 1998-05-17 | Nonfunctional | Drifting | In orbit | <9701 | 9701 |
74 | 1998-05-17 | Decayed | Decayed | 2017-06-11 | 6965/? | 6965 |
75 | 1998-05-17 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-07-10 | 7359 | 7359 |
76 | 1998-08-19 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-08-28 | 7314 | 7314 |
77 | 1998-09-08 | Decayed | Decayed | 2017-09-22 | 6954 | 6954 |
78 | Not launched | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
79 | 1998-09-08 | Decayed | Decayed | 2000-11-29 | 813 | 813 |
80 | 1998-09-08 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-08-12 | 7278 | 7278 |
81 | 1998-09-08 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-07-12 | 7247 | 7247 |
82 | 1998-09-08 | Functional | Intentionally deorbiting | In orbit | 9587 | 9587 |
83 | 1998-11-06 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 9528 | 9528 |
84 | 1998-11-06 | Functional | Intentionally deorbiting | In orbit | 9528 | 9528 |
85 | 1998-11-06 | Decayed | Decayed | 2000-12-30 | 785 | 785 |
86 | 1998-11-06 | Functional | Intentionally deorbiting | In orbit | 9528 | 9528 |
87 | Not launched | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
88 | Not launched | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
89 | Not launched | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
90 | 2002-02-11 | Functional | Intentionally deorbiting | In orbit | 8335 | 8335 |
91 | 2002-02-11 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 8335 | 8335 |
92 | Not launched | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
93 | Not launched | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
94 | 2002-02-11 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-04-18 | 5910 | 5910 |
95 | 2002-02-11 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 8335 | 8335 |
96 | 2002-02-11 | Functional | Intentionally deorbiting | In orbit | 8335 | 8335 |
97 | 2002-06-20 | Functional | Used as spare | In orbit | 8206 | 8206 |
98 | 2002-06-20 | Decayed | Decayed | 2018-08-24 | 5909 | 5909 |
99 | Not launched | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
100 | Not launched | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
101 | Not launched | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
102 | 2017-01-14 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2884 | 2884 |
103 | 2017-01-14 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2884 | 2884 |
104 | 2017-01-14 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2884 | 2884 |
105 | 2017-01-14 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2884 | 2884 |
106 | 2017-01-14 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2884 | 2884 |
107 | 2017-10-09 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2616 | 2616 |
108 | 2017-01-14 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2884 | 2884 |
109 | 2017-01-14 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2884 | 2884 |
110 | 2018-05-22 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2391 | 2391 |
111 | 2017-01-14 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2884 | 2884 |
112 | 2017-01-14 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2884 | 2884 |
113 | 2017-06-25 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2722 | 2722 |
114 | 2017-01-14 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2884 | 2884 |
115 | 2017-06-25 | Functional | Used as spare | In orbit | 2722 | 2722 |
116 | 2017-12-23 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2541 | 2541 |
117 | 2017-06-25 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2722 | 2722 |
118 | 2017-06-25 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2722 | 2722 |
119 | 2017-10-09 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2616 | 2616 |
120 | 2017-06-25 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2722 | 2722 |
121 | 2017-06-25 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2722 | 2722 |
122 | 2017-10-09 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2616 | 2616 |
123 | 2017-06-25 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2722 | 2722 |
124 | 2017-06-25 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2722 | 2722 |
125 | 2017-10-09 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2616 | 2616 |
126 | 2017-06-25 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2722 | 2722 |
127 | 2017-10-09 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2616 | 2616 |
128 | 2017-06-25 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2722 | 2722 |
129 | 2017-10-09 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2616 | 2616 |
130 | 2017-12-23 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2541 | 2541 |
131 | 2017-12-23 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2541 | 2541 |
132 | 2017-10-09 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2616 | 2616 |
133 | 2017-10-09 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2616 | 2616 |
134 | 2017-12-23 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2541 | 2541 |
135 | 2017-12-23 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2541 | 2541 |
136 | 2017-10-09 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2616 | 2616 |
137 | 2017-12-23 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2541 | 2541 |
138 | 2017-12-23 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2541 | 2541 |
139 | 2017-10-09 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2616 | 2616 |
140 | 2018-03-30 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2444 | 2444 |
141 | 2017-12-23 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2541 | 2541 |
142 | 2018-03-30 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2444 | 2444 |
143 | 2018-03-30 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2444 | 2444 |
144 | 2018-03-30 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2444 | 2444 |
145 | 2018-03-30 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2444 | 2444 |
146 | 2018-03-30 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2444 | 2444 |
147 | 2018-05-22 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2391 | 2391 |
148 | 2018-03-30 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2444 | 2444 |
149 | 2018-03-30 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2444 | 2444 |
150 | 2018-03-30 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2444 | 2444 |
151 | 2017-12-23 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2541 | 2541 |
152 | 2018-05-22 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2391 | 2391 |
153 | 2017-12-23 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2541 | 2541 |
154 | 2018-07-25 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2327 | 2327 |
155 | 2018-07-25 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2327 | 2327 |
156 | 2018-07-25 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2327 | 2327 |
157 | 2018-03-30 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2444 | 2444 |
158 | 2018-07-25 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2327 | 2327 |
159 | 2018-07-25 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2327 | 2327 |
160 | 2018-07-25 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2327 | 2327 |
161 | 2018-05-22 | ? | ? | In orbit | 2391 | 2391 |
162 | 2018-05-22 | ? | ? | In orbit | 2391 | 2391 |
163 | 2018-07-25 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2327 | 2327 |
164 | 2018-07-25 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2327 | 2327 |
165 | 2018-07-25 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2327 | 2327 |
166 | 2018-07-25 | Functional | Controlled | In orbit | 2327 | 2327 |
List of asteroid families
[edit]Family name | FIN | Parent asteroid | Number of members | Cause | Spectral type | Albedo | Age (myr) | Total mass (1017 kg) | semimajor axis (AU) | perihelion (AU) | aphelion (AU) | eccentricity | inclination (°) | longitude of ascending node (°) | argument of perihelion (°) | 20 largest members | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pallas family | 801 | 2 Pallas | 128 | Impact | B | 0.10 | ? | 2111±260[note 1] | 2.772+0.099 −0.078 |
2.134+0.260 −0.377 |
3.411+0.408 −0.254 |
0.2303+0.1323 −0.0928 |
34.836+1.410 −3.845 |
173.080+151.285 −162.353 |
310.049+116.604 −196.900 |
H=4-5: 2 Pallas H=10-11: 1252 Celestia H=11-12: 2382 Nonie, 5222 Ioffe H=12-13: 531 Zerlina, 4969 Lawrence, 5234 Sechenov, 5330 Senrikyu, 11064 Dogen, (12377) 1994 PP, 33750 Davehiggins, (38042) 1998 SA10, (53168) 1999 CV10, (66803) 1999 TD273, (67779) 2000 UU81 H=13-14: 4997 Ksana, (23830) 1998 QZ85, (25891) 2000 WK9, (33166) 1998 EV8, (36273) 2000 AM68 |
The rock comet 3200 Phaethon may be a member of the Pallas family |
Juno family | 501 | 3 Juno | 1684 | Impact | S+Cb | 0.22+0.06 | 450±100 | 242±42[note 2] | 2.669+0.025 −0.065 |
1.983+0.185 −0.078 |
3.355+0.114 −0.228 |
0.2569+0.0307 −0.0719 |
12.989+1.841 −1.944 |
169.853+175.157 −152.726 |
unconstrained | H=5-6: 3 Juno H=12-13: 4350 Shibecha, 4603 Bertaud H=13-14: 5329 Decaro, (24427) 2000 CN21, (29718) 1999 AH18, (32326) 2000 QO62, (36521) 2000 QR79, (42496) 1991 XB1, (48540) 1993 TW8, (51149) 2000 HF52, (51576) 2001 HW5, (61640) 2000 QT105, (71096) 1999 XR136 H=14-15: (6781) 1990 OD, 15335 Satoyukie, (22302) 1990 OG4, (23923) 1998 SA137, (41623) 2000 SN167, (62075) 2000 RO79 |
Two distinct albedoes among the members, possibly an overlapping asteroid group or another asteroid that impacted Juno |
Notes
[edit]- ^ The vast majority of this mass comes from 2 Pallas, with only 1E17 kg (0.04% of the mass) from every other member of the family
- ^ 3 Juno makes up such a massive proportion of this family's mass that the mass is virtually the same with only Juno included, the other asteroids making up less than 0.02% of the total group mass
PNs
[edit]The following is a list of all known planetary nebulae in the Milky Way.
Northern Hemisphere
[edit]Image | Name | Right ascension |
Declination | Galactic longitude | Galactic latitude | Messier Catalogue | NGC | Other designation | Date discovered |
Distance (light years) |
Apparent Magnitude (visual) | Constellation | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
00h 00m 21.39s | 57° 22′ 07.7″ | 116.062 | -4.820 | PN G116.0-04.8 | 2014 | 65000+99999 −38000[1] |
16.7 | Cassiopeia | Not confirmed as a planetary nebula | ||||
00h 01m 31.32s | 70° 42′ 31.3″ | 118.796 | +8.239 | Abell 86 | 1955 | 7300±1500[2] | 19 | Cepheus | ~16,300 years old[3] | ||||
00h 07m 20.14s | 64° 57′ 21.3″ | 118.284 | +2.483 | SH 1-118 | 1968 (prior to) | 42900+13000 −8100[1] |
14.1 | Cassiopeia | |||||
00h 10m 20.52s | 58° 37′ 08.5″ | 117.591 | -3.826 | IPHAS J001020.53+583708.6 | 2014 | 1360+130 −110[1] |
18.8 | Cassiopeia | Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula | ||||
00h 12m 54.84s | 69° 10′ 22.1″ | 119.499 | +6.558 | Abell 1 | 1955 | 8300±1700[2] | 19.5 | Cepheus | Highly evolved planetary nebula | ||||
00h 13m 01.02s | 72° 31′ 19.0″ | 120.016 | +9.868 | NGC 40 | 1788 | 6470+390 −350[1] |
11.4 | Cepheus | ~3,460 years old[3] | ||||
00h 13m 33.79s | 67° 18′ 04.0″ | 119.280 | +4.698 | PN G119.2+04.6 | 2014 | 18 | Cepheus | ||||||
00h 14m 12.67s | 60° 55′ 17.3″ | 118.422 | -1.624 | IRAS 00115+6038 | 1988 | 17600 | 24 | Cassiopeia | Only visible in infrared due to Extinction | ||||
00h 18m 42.17s | 53° 52′ 19.8″ | 118.062 | -8.690 | Vy 1-1 | 1942 | 16300+6000 −3400[1] |
14.0 | Cassiopeia | |||||
00h 18m 42.77s | 30° 49′ 13.1″ | 114.689 | -31.527 | HD 1440 | 2002 (proto-planetary nebula discovered) | 1127+21 −20[1] |
8.3 | Andromeda | Proto-planetary nebula surrounding a G-type giant star. | ||||
00h 19m 42.67s | 63° 43′ 21.8″ | 119.429 | +1.067 | PN Mul 2 | 2015 | 11160+1070 −900[1] |
15.3 | Cassiopeia | Not confirmed as a planetary nebula | ||||
00h 19m 59.03s | 62° 58′ 59.4″ | 119.369 | +0.329 | BV 1 | 1956 | 34800±7000[2] | 14 | Cassiopeia | |||||
00h 28m 10.82s | 61° 41′ 31.2″ | 120.178 | -1.055 | IPHAS J002810.82+614131.2 | 2009 | 10500+28400 −4400[1] |
18.9 | Cassiopeia | Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula | ||||
00h 28m 15.15s | 55° 57′ 54.7″ | 119.670 | -6.760 | Hu 1-1 | 1921 | 24600±4900[2] | 15 | Cassiopeia | |||||
00h 30m 56.75s | 61° 24′ 34.3″ | 120.482 | -1.365 | Ou 2 | 2010 | 4800+3600 −1400[1] |
19.3 | Cassiopeia | |||||
00h 31m 53.28s | 57° 22′ 48.8″ | 120.288 | -5.391 | Sh 2-176 | 1970 | 2780+560 −400[1] |
19 | Cassiopeia | ~56,700 years old,[3] one of the most diffuse planetary nebulae known | ||||
00h 37m 16.02s | −13° 42′ 58.6″ | 108.371 | -76.186 | BoBn 1 | 1977 | 57000±11000[2] | 15.7 | Cetus | Halo nebula | ||||
00h 38m 54.18s | 66° 23′ 48.6″ | 121.675 | +3.556 | G121.6+03.5 | 1977 | 19100+3800 −3800[2] |
18.5 | Cassiopeia | |||||
00h 40m 21.056s | 62° 51′ 31.4″ | 121.668 | +0.014 | PN BV 2 | 1956 | 26500+5300 −5300[2] |
16.8 | Cassiopeia | Binary central star | ||||
00h 42m 54.47s | 61° 19′ 31.2″ | 121.908 | -1.529 | IRAS 00399+6103 | 2009 | 3400+380 −310[1] |
16.6 | Cassiopeia | Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula, embedded in a molecular cloud. | ||||
00h 45m 34.76s | 57° 57′ 35.3″ | 122.152 | -4.903 | Abell 2 | 1955 | 12000±2400[2][note 1] | 18 | Cassiopeia | |||||
Skull Nebula | 00h 47m 03.34s | −11° 52′ 18.9″ | 118.863 | -74.709 | NGC 246 | 1785 | 1782+25 −24[1] |
8 | Cetus | Binary star system in the center, halo nebula, ~6,620 years old[3] | |||
00h 51m 23.20s | 63° 10′ 59.0″ | 122.926 | +0.311 | PN G122.9+00.3 | 2014 | 22 | Cassiopeia | Very diffuse and almost invisible outside of Halpha | |||||
00h 54m 49.43s | 63° 35′ 42.7″ | 123.308 | +0.726 | IPHAS J005449.44+633542.6 | 2009 | 9700+10000 −3300[1] |
18.5 | Cassiopeia | Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula | ||||
01h 00m 54.11s | 55° 04′ 00.0″ | 124.299 | -7.780 | WeSb 1 | 1981 | 9900+1400 −1100[1] |
18 | Cassiopeia | Nebula old and diffuse, with only an arc remaining. | ||||
01h 02m 24.45s | 65° 46′ 32.5″ | 124.058 | +2.928 | PN G124.0+02.9 | 1994 | 19 | Cassiopeia | ||||||
01h 05m 31.46s | 64° 43′ 03.2″ | 124.436 | +1.887 | IRAS 01023+6426 | 1988 | 17000[4] | 22 | Cassiopeia | Only visible in infrared due to Extinction | ||||
01h 06m 25.99s | 12° 35′ 52.9″ | 128.642 | -50.107 | WX Piscium | 1966 | 30000[note 2] | 15 | Pisces | Proto-planetary nebula (OH/IR star) | ||||
01h 06m 55.64s | 64° 17′ 30.2″ | 124.611 | +1.470 | IRAS 01037+6401 | 1989 | 20000 | 22 | Cassiopeia | Not confirmed as a planetary nebula | ||||
01h 07m 07.62s | 73° 33′ 23.4″ | 124.061 | +10.719 | HDW 1 | 1983 | 1021±18[1] | 15.6 | Cassiopeia | ~17,000 years old[3] | ||||
01h 11m 06.57s | 10° 21′ 38.2″ | 130.842 | -52.209 | EGGR 900 | 1980 | 995+28 −26[1] |
15.6 | Pisces | either a very late planetary neblua or a PG 1159 star | ||||
01h 24m 58.61s | 65° 38′ 36.1″ | 126.384 | +2.997 | PN K 3-90 | 1972 | 10100+16200 −3900[1] |
15 | Cassiopeia | |||||
01h 25m 07.96s | 63° 56′ 52.8″ | 126.622 | +1.318 | IPHAS PN-1 | 1972 | 8400+15600 −3300[1] |
17 | Cassiopeia | |||||
01h 25m 44.62s | 61° 36′ 11.7″ | 126.999 | -0.997 | IRAS 01224+6120 | 2007 | 480+170 −100[1] |
18.5 | Cassiopeia | Proto-planetary nebula | ||||
01h 30m 33.18s | 58° 24′ 50.3″ | 128.049 | -4.069 | SH 2-188 | 1951 | 2890+280 −240[1] |
17.4 | Cassiopeia | ~13,000 years old | ||||
01h 31m 09.00s | 61° 22′ 58.9″ | 127.670 | -1.123 | PN G127.6-01.1 | 2014 | 5700+99999 −3300[1] |
20.5 | Cassiopeia | |||||
01h 34m 55.92s | 47° 29′ 40.3″ | 130.505 | -14.737 | PN Ra 22 | 2015 | 4600+2900 −1300[1] |
18.1 | Andromeda | Not confirmed as a planetary nebula | ||||
01h 37m 19.36s | 50° 28′ 11.3″ | 130.360 | -11.739 | PN M 1-1 | 1965 | 8100+9900 −2900[1] |
13.9 | Andromeda | |||||
01h 40m 05.84s | 56° 34′ 54.6″ | 129.629 | -5.656 | PN G129.6-05.6 | 1994 | 2370+980 −540[1] |
19.7 | Cassiopeia | |||||
Little Dumbbell Nebula | 01h 42m 19.66s | 51° 34′ 31.5″ | 130.934 | -10.504 | M76 | NGC 650, NGC 651 | Cork nebula | 1780 | 4690+940 −940[2][note 3] |
10.1 | Perseus | Distance poorly constrained | |
01h 42m 37.88s | 60° 09′ 47.2″ | 129.264 | -2.078 | PN G129.2-02.0 | 1977 | 6500+99999 −3600[1] |
19.9 | Cassiopeia | Extremely old and diffuse | ||||
01h 45m 51.20s | 64° 16′ 05.6″ | 128.797 | +2.018 | 2MASS J01455120+6416057 | 2009 | 50000+41000 −49999[1] |
18.8 | Cassiopeia | Not confirmed as a planetary nebula | ||||
01h 53m 03.01s | 56° 24′ 19.3″ | 131.422 | -5.447 | PN G131.4-05.4 | 1956 | 6500+99999 −4100[1] |
10.3 | Cassiopeia | |||||
01h 55m 39.00s | 64° 20′ 20.0″ | 130.226 | +0.713 | PN Ra 18 | 2015 | 22 | Cassiopeia | Nearly invisible outside of Halpha, not confirmed as a planetary nebula | |||||
01h 56m 25.08s | 65° 28′ 30.5″ | 129.612 | +3.450 | PN Fe 6 | 2014 | 4290+1720 −950[1] |
21 | Cassiopeia | Extremely old and diffuse | ||||
01h 57m 35.69s | 63° 19′ 18.4″ | 130.277 | +1.397 | IC 1747 | 1905 | 10600+2100 −1500[1] |
12.0 | Cassiopeia | |||||
01h 58m 35.37s | 66° 34′ 01.1″ | 129.549 | +4.562 | PN K 3-91 | 1972 | 28100+5600 −5600[2] |
15 | Cassiopeia | Overlaps an unrelated elliptical galaxy | ||||
01h 58m 49.66s | 52° 53′ 48.5″ | 133.118 | -8.637 | V471 Persei | 1966 (proto-planetary nebula discovered) | 8450+860 −710[1] |
13.1 | Perseus | Proto-planetary nebula | ||||
02h 00m 39.48s | 60° 32′ 59.2″ | 131.343 | -1.187 | IRAS 01571+6018 | 2003 | 11200+1600 −1300[1] |
14.9 | Cassiopeia | Proto-planetary nebula | ||||
02h 03m 41.27s | 64° 57′ 39.1″ | 130.484 | +3.154 | PN K 3-92 | 1972 | 23600+4700 −4700[2] |
15.0 | Cassiopeia | |||||
02h 10m 10.46s | 65° 25′ 14.3″ | 131.004 | +3.790 | PN Fe 8 | 2015 | 9400+40600 −4200[1] |
22.0 | Cassiopeia | Nearly invisible outside of Halpha | ||||
02h 12m 06.47s | 64° 09′ 03.1″ | 131.587 | +2.643 | G131.5+02.6 | 1955 | 8500+1700 −1700[2] |
17.2 | Cassiopeia | Central star is obscured by a brighter foreground star | ||||
02h 20m 45.15s | 63° 11′ 34.2″ | 132.804 | +2.046 | PN G132.8+02.0 | 2009 | 2900+4000 −1100[1] |
19.5 | Cassiopeia | |||||
02h 26m 30.00s | 65° 47′ 53.4″ | 132.474 | +4.703 | PN K 3-93 | 1972 | 24300+10000 −10000[5] |
18 | Cassiopeia | |||||
02h 35m 39.27s | 63° 38′ 29.3″ | 134.194 | +3.072 | PN G134.1+03.0 | 2014 | 22 | Cassiopeia | Heavily contaminated by the foreground 7th magnitude star HD 15850; central star unclear. | |||||
02h 40m 14.37s | 61° 09′ 16.8″ | 135.674 | +1.004 | WeBo 1 | 1996 | 5430+240 −220[1] |
14.0 | Cassiopeia | Central star system is a binary young white dwarf and K0III Giant | ||||
02h 41m 35.92s | 57° 37′ 38.0″ | 137.276 | -2.144 | IRAS 02379+5724 | 1993 | 19200+53400 −8100[1] |
17.6 | Perseus | |||||
02h 45m 23.65s | 42° 33′ 04.6″ | 144.322 | -15.538 | Abell 4 | 1966 | 13000+99999 −10000[1] |
15.6 | Perseus | |||||
02h 50m 03.68s | 61° 08′ 31.7″ | 136.753 | +1.495 | PN LDu 3 | 2015 | 6430+430 −380[1] |
11.4 | Cassiopeia | Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula | ||||
02h 52m 14.90s | 50° 35′ 53.9″ | 141.734 | -7.810 | Abell 5 | 1966 | 5500+1100 −1100[2] |
21 | Perseus | Extremely diffuse; Central star slightly contaminated by a 19.8th magnitude foreground star | ||||
02h 56m 11.34s | 44° 02′ 52.2″ | 145.419 | -13.309 | IRAS 02528+4350 | 1988 | 1330+25 −24[1] |
10.7 | Perseus | Proto-planetary nebula | ||||
02h 56m 58.43s | −44° 10′ 17.8″ | 255.321 | -59.620 | PN Lo 1 | 1977 | 2636+94 −88[1] |
14.5 | Eridanus | Extremely old and diffuse | ||||
02h 58m 41.87s | 64° 30′ 06.3″ | 136.099 | +4.934 | Abell 6 | 1955 | 3250+700 −490[1] |
20.5 | Cassiopeia | ~26,500 years old[3] | ||||
03h 03m 47.01s | 64° 54′ 35.5″ | 136.381 | +5.553 | PN HFG 1 | 1982 | 2335+37 −36[1] |
14.5 | Cassiopeia | ~34,700 years old[3] Extremely diffuse with a dense clump to the east | ||||
03h 04m 21.35s | 62° 18′ 01.0″ | 137.715 | +3.306 | PN LDu 14 | 2014 | 30000+10000 −15000[note 4] |
22.5 | Cassiopeia | Nearly invisible outside of Halpha | ||||
03h 10m 19.30s | 61° 19′ 00.9″ | 138.817 | +2.805 | IC 289 | 1888 | 5190+550 −450[1] |
11 | Cassiopeia | |||||
03h 11m 00.82s | 62° 47′ 50.3″ | 138.132 | +4.120 | HDW 2 | 1976 | 2844+85 −80[1] |
22 | Cassiopeia | ~36,000 years old[3] Possibly trinary central star. | ||||
03h 13m 45.12s | 61° 37′ 06.0″ | 139.014 | +3.273 | PN G139.0+03.2 | 2014 | 22 | Cassiopeia | ||||||
03h 14m 45.91s | 48° 12′ 05.8″ | 146.143 | -8.105 | [FMP2006b] Fr 2-23 | 2013 | 764.5+9.4 −9.2[1] |
14.0 | Andromeda | |||||
03h 16m 34.04s | 46° 53′ 37.3″ | 147.104 | -9.053 | PN HaWe 3 | 1987 | 10000+99999 −3400[1] |
17.0 | Andromeda | |||||
03h 21m 14.32s | 61° 05′ 26.6″ | 140.056 | +3.302 | FT Camelopardalis | 1999 | 813+18 −17[1] |
17.4 | Camelopardalis | Underwent a Dwarf nova eruption in 1998 | ||||
03h 23m 05.31s | 62° 47′ 06.5″ | 139.312 | +4.841 | Camelopardalis C | 1995 | 6000+800 −630[1] |
16.8 | Camelopardalis | Binary central star | ||||
03h 27m 15.41s | 45° 24′ 20.5″ | 149.499 | -9.277 | HDW 3 | 1996 | 2810+240 −210[1] |
17.0 | Perseus | ~24,400 years old[3] | ||||
03h 31m 05.30s | 55° 38′ 51.0″ | 144.159 | -0.501 | IRAS 03272+5528 | 2014 | 23 | Camelopardalis | Only visible in infrared due to Extinction | |||||
03h 31m 12.01s | 43° 54′ 15.5″ | 150.956 | -10.104 | GK Persei | 1901 | 1441+28 −27[1] |
14.0 | Perseus | Proto-planetary nebula; Underwent a nova eruption in 1901 | ||||
Robin's Egg Nebula | 03h 33m 14.65s | −25° 52′ 18.0″ | 220.363 | -53.934 | NGC 1360 | 1868 | 1278+43 −40[1] |
9.4 | Fornax | ~12,600 years old[3] | |||
03h 36m 08.08s | 60° 03′ 45.8″ | 142.150 | +3.487 | PN K 3-94 | 1972 | 26700+5300 −5300[2] |
17.2 | Camelopardalis | |||||
03h 41m 43.42s | 52° 17′ 00.3″ | 147.400 | -2.307 | PN M 1-4 | 1968 | 5600+25000 −2500[1] |
14.3 | Perseus | |||||
03h 45m 26.68s | 37° 48′ 52.2″ | 156.909 | -13.322 | PN HaWe 5 | 1987 | 1030+40 −37[1] |
17.4 | Perseus | |||||
03h 46m 59.67s | 48° 49′ 00.5″ | 150.186 | -4.541 | PN G150.1-04.5 | 2014 | 7400+1500 −1000[1] |
16.6 | Perseus | Binary central star | ||||
03h 47m 32.98s | 35° 02′ 48.6″ | 159.060 | -15.191 | IC 351 | 1890 | 10800+20800 −4300[1] |
12.3 | Perseus | |||||
03h 49m 05.91s | 50° 00′ 14.9″ | 149.715 | -3.398 | PN IsWe 1 | 1974 | 1452+56 −52[1] |
16.5 | Perseus | ~111,000 years old[3] | ||||
03h 53m 36.40s | 19° 29′ 38.5″ | 171.300 | -25.813 | PN Ba 1 | 1967 | 4550+1600 −940[1] |
14.3 | Taurus | ~5,280 years old[3] | ||||
03h 56m 21.99s | 33° 52′ 30.8″ | 161.277 | -14.891 | IC 2003 | 1907 | 16200+62000 −7200[1] |
11.9 | Perseus | |||||
04h 03m 29.53s | 52° 08′ 26.0″ | 150.074 | -0.308 | IRAS 03596+5200 | 2006 | 13700+3500 −2800[note 5] |
21.0 | Perseus | |||||
Oyster Nebula | 04h 06m 59.39s | 60° 55′ 14.3″ | 144.560 | +6.551 | NGC 1501 | 1787 | 5750+270 −250[1] |
13 | Camelopardalis | ||||
04h 07m 21.58s | 51° 24′ 22.4″ | 151.009 | -0.457 | PN Ou 1 | 2012 | 6800+18600 −2900[1] |
19.2 | Perseus | |||||
04h 09m 16.99s | 30° 46′ 33.5″ | 165.534 | -15.288 | NGC 1514 | 1790 | 1521+28 −27[1] |
9.4 | Taurus | Binary central star | ||||
04h 13m 15.03s | 56° 56′ 58.4″ | 147.872 | +4.195 | PN M 2-2 | 1968 | 17000+6800 −3800[1] |
15 | Camelopardalis | ~1,610 years old[3] | ||||
04h 13m 20.02s | 31° 10′ 47.3″ | 165.876 | -14.390 | HD 281789 | 1918 | 1089+19 −18[1] |
10.2 | Perseus | Proto-planetary nebula | ||||
04h 13m 27.25s | 51° 51′ 00.9″ | 151.402 | +0.511 | PN K 3-64 | 1969 | 18800+1800 −2500[note 5] |
16 | Perseus | |||||
04h 14m 15.77s | −12° 44′ 21.9″ | 206.477 | -40.565 | NGC 1535 | 1785 | 3960+330 −280[1] |
10.5 | Eridanus | |||||
04h 15m 54.53s | 48° 49′ 40.1″ | 153.770 | -1.407 | PN K 3-65 | 1969 | 35000+7000 −7000[2] |
17.0 | Perseus | |||||
04h 20m 45.20s | 56° 18′ 12.1″ | 149.066 | +4.452 | PN K 4-47 | 1969 | 33800+6800 −6800[2] |
18.0 | Camelopardalis | Prominent double-lobed shape | ||||
04h 22m 56.10s | 53° 47′ 09.4″ | 151.074 | +2.897 | 2MASS J04225609+5347093 | 2009 | 8200+99999 −5100[1] |
19.2 | Camelopardalis | Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula | ||||
04h 25m 50.84s | 60° 07′ 12.8″ | 146.795 | +7.601 | PN M 4-18 | 1970 | 33700+17300 −8500[1] |
14.0 | Camelopardalis | |||||
04h 27m 54.38s | 48° 10′ 08.6″ | 155.641 | -0.467 | 2MASS J04275437+4810085 | 2009 | 20.2 | Perseus | Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula | |||||
04h 29m 26.85s | 45° 16′ 10.2″ | 157.921 | -2.279 | 2MASS J04292684+4516101 | 2009 | 5030+970 −700[1] |
17.1 | Perseus | Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula | ||||
04h 36m 37.24s | 33° 39′ 30.1″ | 167.463 | -9.111 | PN K 3-66 | 1969 | 11500+32700 −4900[1] |
14.5 | Perseus | Binary central star | ||||
04h 37m 21.35s | 42° 47′ 10.1″ | 160.712 | -2.921 | PN G160.7-02.9 | 1994 | 20600+5300 −4300[note 5] |
20.0 | Perseus | |||||
04h 37m 23.43s | 25° 02′ 38.9″ | 174.248 | -14.605 | PN H 3-29 | 1953 | 29000+99999 −20000[1] |
14.8 | Taurus | |||||
04h 38m 26.06s | 48° 29′ 02.3″ | 156.477 | +1.141 | PN G156.4+01.1 | 2014 | 3000+500 −500[note 6] |
18.1 | Perseus | Central star not confirmed, binary central star if confirmed | ||||
04h 39m 47.93s | 36° 45′ 42.6″ | 165.543 | -6.574 | PN K 3-67 | 1969 | 11300+2300 −2300[2] |
13.2 | Perseus | |||||
04h 42m 53.62s | 36° 06′ 53.4″ | 166.446 | -6.528 | RAFGL 618 | 1975 | 11800+2400 −2400[2] |
13.0 | Perseus | Young planetary nebula | ||||
04h 43m 21.26s | 46° 42′ 05.8″ | 158.486 | +0.472 | SH 2-216 | 1955 | 410.8+3.5 −3.4[1] |
12.8 | Perseus | ~264,000 years old[3]; Second largest planetary nebula in the sky in angular size. | ||||
04h 44m 37.76s | 37° 39′ 15.2″ | 165.497 | -5.263 | PN Kn 37 | 2013 | 3440+2310 −990[1] |
18.3 | Perseus | |||||
04h 45m 20.08s | 59° 09′ 16.6″ | 149.179 | +8.794 | PN Kn 34 | 2013 | 5810+1390 −940[1] |
17.7 | Camelopardalis | Binary central star | ||||
04h 46m 43.04s | 44° 28′ 01.4″ | 160.564 | -0.540 | PN G160.5-00.5 | 1977 | 12300+3200 −2500[note 5] |
20.7 | Perseus | |||||
04h 53m 58.36s | 46° 58′ 43.5″ | 159.443 | +2.040 | PN G159.4+02.0 | 2014 | 20.6 | Auriga | Not confirmed as a planetary nebula, near the molecular cloud PGCC G160.03+01.82 | |||||
04h 54m 31.00s | 42° 16′ 40.8″ | 163.154 | -0.848 | PN G163.1-00.8 | 1977 | 13700+3600 −2800[note 5] |
18.5 | Auriga | |||||
04h 56m 25.14s | 43° 49′ 32.0″ | 162.167 | +0.394 | IPHAS J045625.15+434931.8 | 2009 | 2510+2050 −780[1] |
18.3 | Auriga | Proto-planetary nebula | ||||
04h 56m 28.21s | 50° 17′ 17.6″ | 157.118 | +4.435 | PN G157.1+04.4 | 2014 | 1680+590 −350[1] |
19.6 | Auriga | nearly invisible outside of Halpha | ||||
04h 58m 47.77s | 37° 36′ 39.8″ | 167.314 | -3.121 | PN G167.3-03.1 | 2014 | 21500+5600 −4400[note 5] |
20.5 | Auriga | |||||
05h 02m 19.46s | 48° 03′ 37.6″ | 159.469 | +3.817 | 2MASS J05021945+4803375 | 2009 | 9500+99999 −5700[1] |
18.6 | Auriga | Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula | ||||
05h 03m 01.73s | −39° 45′ 44.5″ | 243.833 | -37.109 | PN PRTM 1 | 1987 | 34000+36000 −11000[1] |
15.5 | Caelum | Halo nebula | ||||
05h 03m 07.53s | −15° 36′ 22.7″ | 215.570 | -30.855 | Abell 7 | 1955 | 1614+60 −56[1] |
15.5 | Lepus | |||||
05h 03m 27.55s | 41° 42′ 17.3″ | 164.633 | +0.101 | CoMaC 1 | 1983 | 25500+7600 −4800[1] |
13.6 | Auriga | Not confirmed as a planetary nebula | ||||
05h 03m 41.85s | −06° 10′ 03.0″ | 205.874 | -26.731 | PN MaC 2-1 | 1982 | 85000+99999 −74000[1] |
14.4 | Eridanus | |||||
05h 05m 34.28s | 10° 42′ 22.9″ | 190.393 | -17.760 | Jonckheere 320 | 1916 | 9600+3900 −2200[1] |
14.2 | Orion | |||||
05h 06m 38.42s | 39° 08′ 08.7″ | 167.044 | -0.973 | Abell 8 | 1955 | 2800+6200 −1200[1] |
19.0 | Auriga | |||||
05h 11m 52.58s | 30° 27′ 55.2″ | 174.669 | -5.260 | IPHASX J051151.3+302814 | 2013 | 17.0 | Auriga | Binary central star; extremely old and diffuse | |||||
05h 14m 07.77s | 13° 50′ 28.2″ | 188.857 | -14.294 | IRAS 05113+1347 | 1988 | 31000+99999 −21000[1] |
11.5 | Orion | Proto-planetary nebula | ||||
05h 17m 37.19s | 39° 30′ 07.0″ | 168.000 | +0.958 | PN G167.9+00.9 | 2014 | 5880+640 −520[1] |
15.5 | Auriga | Central star not confirmed (outside of nebula); binary central star | ||||
05h 25m 31.18s | 28° 19′ 46.7″ | 178.131 | -4.041 | PN G178.1-04.0 | 2011 | 68000+12000 −12000[6] |
18.5 | Taurus | Halo nebula | ||||
05h 25m 56.74s | 07° 48′ 23.2″ | 195.736 | -15.035 | PN Ga 1 | 2015 | 19.9 | Orion | ||||||
Spirograph Nebula | 05h 27m 28.21s | −12° 41′ 50.3″ | 215.212 | -24.284 | IC 418 | 1891 | 5050+450 −380[1] |
9.6 | Lepus | ||||
05h 28m 56.74s | 36° 03′ 05.3″ | 172.112 | +0.855 | Abell 9 | 1955 | 19.2 | Auriga | ||||||
05h 31m 35.85s | 28° 58′ 41.3″ | 178.327 | -2.571 | PN K 3-68 | 1969 | 6000+1500 −1200[note 5] |
18.5 | Taurus | |||||
05h 31m 45.69s | 06° 56′ 02.0″ | 197.271 | -14.238 | PN K 1-7 | 1963 | 12700+2500 −2500[2][note 7] |
17.0 | Orion | |||||
05h 32m 09.27s | 30° 18′ 53.1″ | 177.273 | -1.740 | 2MASS J05320926+3018531 | 2009 | 15000+99999 −8900[1] |
18.4 | Auriga | Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula | ||||
05h 37m 36.23s | 55° 32′ 15.8″ | 156.309 | +12.545 | PN HDW 4 | 1982 | 972+29 −27[1] |
16.5 | Auriga | Extremely diffuse | ||||
05h 37m 57.96s | 17° 06′ 18.5″ | 189.183 | -7.697 | PN Pa 9 | 2013 | 15000+99999 −13000[1] |
20.1 | Taurus | |||||
05h 38m 17.88s | 31° 39′ 34.8″ | 176.853 | +0.095 | 2MASS J05381788+3139349 | 2009 | 16400+17000 −5500[1] |
16.1 | Auriga | Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula | ||||
05h 40m 44.76s | 31° 44′ 31.3″ | 177.060 | +0.580 | Teutsch PN J0540.7+3144 | 2006 | 9800+2600 −2000[note 5] |
20.1 | Auriga | |||||
05h 40m 44.97s | 12° 21′ 22.5″ | 193.647 | -9.575 | PN H 3-75 | 1953 | 14100+2800 −2000[1] |
13.8 | Orion | |||||
05h 40m 57.05s | 10° 14′ 25.0″ | 195.524 | -10.607 | HD 246299 | 1918 | 3410+150 −140[1] |
10.5 | Orion | |||||
05h 41m 22.13s | 39° 15′ 08.0″ | 170.740 | +4.651 | PN K 3-69 | 1969 | 58000+12000 −12000[2] |
16.6 | Auriga | |||||
05h 42m 06.19s | 09° 05′ 10.6″ | 196.685 | -10.942 | NGC 2022 | 1785 | 6140+1070 −790[1] |
12.8 | Orion | |||||
05h 42m 34.15s | 36° 09′ 07.3″ | 173.511 | +3.227 | PN G173.5+03.2 | 1980 | 19.0 | Auriga | Possibly binary central star | |||||
05h 45m 58.26s | 02° 21′ 06.2″ | 203.172 | -13.407 | CRTS J054558.3+022106 | 2012 | 2120+3500 −810[1] |
18.7 | Orion | Cataclysmic variable binary central star | ||||
05h 46m 50.01s | 24° 22′ 02.8″ | 184.045 | -2.142 | PN M 1-5 | 1970 | 23400+4700 −4700[2] |
14.6 | Taurus | |||||
05h 52m 42.82s | 26° 21′ 16.0″ | 183.022 | +0.018 | IRAS 05495+2620 | 1989 | 9400+5500 −2500[1] |
17.1 | Taurus | |||||
05h 52m 48.46s | 28° 05′ 59.2″ | 181.530 | +0.923 | PN Pu 1 | 1978 | 6700+1300 −1300[2] |
18.8 | Taurus | |||||
05h 55m 06.61s | −22° 54′ 02.4″ | 228.214 | -22.143 | V* AB Lep | 1980 | 6220+330 −300[1] |
12.4 | ~23,500 years old[3] binary central star | |||||
05h 56m 23.90s | 46° 06′ 17.2″ | 166.156 | +10.475 | IC 2149 | 1906 | 13600+7900 −3700[1] |
10.6 | Auriga | |||||
05h 57m 02.17s | −75° 40′ 22.5″ | 286.877 | -29.577 | PN K 1-27 | 1977 | 2400+6000 −3600[1] |
16.5 | Mensa | |||||
05h 57m 07.99s | 15° 25′ 31.1″ | 192.994 | -4.595 | KLSS 1-5 | 1994 | 2400+3010 −860[1] |
20.0 | Orion | |||||
05h 58m 45.36s | 25° 18′ 43.9″ | 184.607 | +0.667 | PN K 3-70 | 1969 | 64000+13000 −13000[2] |
17.5 | Orion | |||||
05h 59m 24.87s | 10° 41′ 40.4″ | 197.405 | -6.442 | PN G197.4-06.4 | 1982 | 1810+140 −120[1] |
17.2 | Orion | ~96,900 years old,[3] extremely diffuse | ||||
06h 00m 04.54s | 16° 51′ 26.0″ | 192.099 | -3.271 | 2MASS J06000454+1651259 | 2009 | 9200+99999 −4800[1] |
19.0 | Orion | |||||
06h 02m 06.87s | −37° 25′ 25.2″ | 243.787 | -25.343 | PN K 2-12 | 1971 | 6990+790 −650[1] |
16.2 | Columba | Not confirmed as a planetary nebula | ||||
06h 02m 20.00s | 09° 39′ 13.7″ | 198.672 | -6.320 | Abell 12 | 1966 | 5200+5300 −1800[1] |
16.8 | Orion | Located behind Mu Orionis and difficult to see | ||||
06h 03m 28.16s | 15° 41′ 06.5″ | 193.522 | -3.139 | PN G193.5-03.1 | 2014 | 21800+5700 −4500[note 5] |
22.0 | Orion | |||||
06h 04m 12.29s | 19° 00′ 32.0″ | 190.709 | -1.356 | PN G190.7-01.3 | 2014 | 20700+5400 −4200[note 5] |
21.9 | Orion | |||||
06h 04m 16.27s | 13° 32′ 50.3″ | 195.486 | -4.014 | PN G195.4-04.0 | 2014 | 24800+10800 −5800[1] |
14.8 | Orion | Binary central star | ||||
06h 04m 47.90s | 03° 56′ 35.8″ | 204.024 | -8.516 | Abell 13 | 1955 | 6790+1400 −1400[2] |
19.5 | Orion | ~16,100 years old[3] | ||||
06h 05m 15.15s | 20° 40′ 36.6″ | 189.376 | -0.324 | IRAS 06022+2040 | 2009 | 17500+83200 −7900[1] |
18.1 | Orion | Proto-planetary nebula | ||||
06h 09m 26.79s | 24° 55′ 20.0″ | 186.135 | +2.584 | UCAC2 40488252 | 2009 | 6920+1220 −900[1] |
15.0 | Gemini | Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula | ||||
06h 11m 08.66s | 11° 46′ 43.8″ | 197.849 | -3.400 | Abell 14 | 1955 | 16700+3800 −2600[1] |
15.2 | Orion | Binary central star | ||||
06h 13m 17.53s | 15° 19′ 57.9″ | 194.977 | -1.239 | 2MASS J06131753+1519577 | 2009 | 19.7 | Orion | Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula | |||||
06h 13m 54.99s | 26° 52′ 57.2″ | 184.891 | +4.405 | PN K 3-71 | 1969 | 6000+1600 −1200[2] |
18.0 | Gemini | |||||
06h 14m 17.27s | 22° 54′ 18.6″ | 188.438 | +2.589 | 2MASS J06141726+2254185 | 2009 | 5400+3100 −1400[1] |
18.4 | Gemini | Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula | ||||
06h 14m 33.62s | 07° 34′ 30.1″ | 201.958 | -4.660 | PN We 1-4 | 1977 | 19900+5200 −4200[note 5] |
21.2 | Orion | |||||
06h 15m 20.36s | −00° 25′ 49.6″ | 209.176 | -8.223 | PHR J0615-0025 | 2006 | 9300+2400 −1900[note 5] |
20.2 | Orion | |||||
06h 16m 11.35s | 28° 11′ 11.0″ | 183.812 | +5.549 | PN G183.8+05.5 | 1981 | 21.0 | Gemini | Central star unidentified | |||||
06h 16m 15.38s | −00° 00′ 25.0″ | 208.902 | -7.825 | PN G208.9-07.8 | 1995 | 6000+8700 −2200[1] |
18.3 | Orion | Behind the 7.4 magnitude star HD 43443 | ||||
06h 19m 33.94s | 55° 36′ 43.91″ | 158.922 | +17.855 | PN PuWe 1 | 1980 | 1344+47 −44[1] |
15.4 | Lynx | ~38,400 years old;[3] Extremely diffuse | ||||
Red Rectangle | 06h 19m 58.22s | −10° 38′ 14.7″ | 218.968 | -11.765 | HD 44179 | 1915 | 2300+300 −300[7] |
9.0 | Monoceros | Proto-planetary nebula, Binary central star | |||
06h 21m 42.78s | −12° 59′ 14.0″ | 221.324 | -12.394 | IC 2165 | 1898 | 12100+2400 −2400[2] |
10.0 | Canis Major | |||||
06h 23m 37.15s | −10° 13′ 23.6″ | 218.987 | -10.777 | PN HDW 5 | 1983 | 3610+360 −300[1] |
16.1 | Monoceros | significantly weighted to the north | ||||
06h 23m 54.86s | 05° 30′ 13.4″ | 204.884 | -3.578 | PN K 3-72 | 1969 | 8400+2200 −1700[note 5] |
16.8 | Monoceros | |||||
06h 24m 23.36s | 09° 24′ 17.4″ | 201.484 | -1.655 | 2MASS J06242336+0924174 | 2009 | 11200+21500 −4400[1] |
18.2 | Monoceros | Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula | ||||
06h 25m 57.27s | 17° 47′ 27.1″ | 194.243 | +2.596 | PN VV 28 | 1916 | 12700+2500 −2500[2] |
12.5 | Gemini | |||||
06h 27m 02.04s | −25° 22′ 49.7″ | 233.533 | -16.314 | Abell 15 | 1966 | 21600+13100 −5900[1] |
15.7 | Canis Major | ~3,370 years old[3] | ||||
06h 28m 03.47s | 12° 46′ 16.1″ | 198.925 | +0.711 | IRAS 06252+1248 | 1988 | 4000+400 −330[1] |
9.6 | Gemini | proto-planetary nebula | ||||
06h 29m 33.96s | 71° 04′ 36.4″ | 143.595 | +23.818 | EGB 4 | 1983 | 1213+17 −17[1] |
13.3 | Camelopardalis | ~8,050 years old[3] | ||||
06h 29m 38.03s | 06° 52′ 17.5″ | 204.331 | -1.684 | PN G204.3-01.6 | 2014 | 6400+1700 −1100[1] |
17.1 | Monoceros | Binary central star, could be related to open cluster NGC 2236. | ||||
06h 32m 23.90s | 15° 04′ 12.6″ | 197.373 | +2.708 | PN G197.3+02.7 | 2014 | 22800+5900 −4700[note 5] |
22.1 | Gemini | |||||
06h 33m 09.62s | −01° 35′ 16.9″ | 212.262 | -4.790 | PN G212.2-04.7 | 2006 | 17400+4400 −3600[note 5] |
21.5 | Monoceros | |||||
06h 33m 24.89s | −18° 08′ 25.9″ | 227.321 | -12.029 | PN G227.3-12.0 | 2006 | 4500+12200 −1900[1] |
19.4 | Canis Major | |||||
06h 34m 07.35s | 44° 46′ 37.8″ | 170.314 | +15.872 | NGC 2242 | 1886 | 8000+3000 −1700[1] |
15.4 | Auriga | |||||
06h 35m 45.12s | −00° 05′ 37.4″ | 211.225 | -3.532 | PN M 1-6 | 1971 | 8900+9300 −3000[1] |
15.8 | Monoceros | Mostly invisible outside of Halpha | ||||
06h 37m 20.92s | 24° 00′ 35.4″ | 189.894 | +7.793 | PN M 1-7 | 1965 | 22000+4400 −4400[2] |
15.3 | Gemini | |||||
06h 37m 39.13s | −18° 57′ 23.7″ | 228.510 | -11.463 | PN G228.5-11.4 | 1994 | 28400+10400 −5800[note 5] |
22.6 | Canis Major | Almost invisbile outside of Halpha | ||||
06h 39m 34.25s | 06° 21′ 16.9″ | 205.927 | +0.269 | 2MASS J06393425+0621170 | 2009 | 2800+14600 −1300[1] |
20.0 | Monoceros | Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula | ||||
06h 39m 55.86s | 11° 06′ 30.8″ | 201.739 | +2.523 | PN K 4-48 | 1969 | 44600+8900 −8900[2] |
13.2 | Monoceros | |||||
06h 39m 58.13s | −05° 54′ 57.1″ | 216.907 | -5.237 | MPA J0639-0554 | 2008 | 99999+91000 −99999[1] |
18.3 | Monoceros | |||||
06h 40m 09.28s | 21° 24′ 48.6″ | 192.531 | +7.221 | PN HDW 6 | 1982 | 7400[3] | 20.0 | Gemini | ~20,300 years old[3] no central star (white dwarf outside of nebula) | ||||
06h 41m 34.59s | −05° 02′ 35.5″ | 216.307 | -4.486 | PN We 1-5 | 1977 | 3900+2300 −1100[1] |
18.4 | Monoceros | ~10,200 years old[3] | ||||
06h 42m 18.40s | −04° 17′ 48.8″ | 215.723 | -3.986 | PN G215.7-03.9 | 2008 | 1160+170 −130[1] |
18.7 | Monoceros | Extremely old and diffuse | ||||
06h 43m 26.12s | 16° 48′ 51.4″ | 197.022 | +5.864 | PN G197.0+05.8 | 1994 | 2420+920 −520[1] |
18.5 | Gemini | |||||
06h 43m 55.42s | 61° 47′ 24.6″ | 153.770 | +22.832 | Abell 16 | 1955 | 5800+6000 −2000[1] |
18.7 | Lynx | ~23,800 years old[3] | ||||
06h 45m 03.44s | −02° 17′ 52.5″ | 214.251 | -2.467 | PN G214.2-02.4 | 2006 | 20.4 | Monoceros | Central star unidentified | |||||
06h 46m 25.46s | −12° 35′ 52.4″ | 223.633 | -6.803 | PN G223.6-06.8 | 2006 | 20.4 | Canis Major | ||||||
06h 46m 25.95s | 08° 29′ 09.3″ | 204.806 | +2.755 | Riddle PN J0646.4+0828 | 2006 | 12300+3200 −2500[note 5] |
20.6 | Monoceros | |||||
06h 47m 04.17s | 04° 37′ 17.7″ | 208.321 | +1.136 | PN K 4-50 | 1969 | 39000+55000 −14000[1] |
16.2 | Monoceros | Proto-planetary nebula | ||||
06h 48m 43.45s | −07° 19′ 42.7″ | 219.157 | -3.935 | PN G219.1-03.9 | 2006 | 21.0 | Monoceros | Not confirmed as a planetary nebula | |||||
06h 49m 02.77s | −18° 16′ 38.7″ | 229.062 | -8.733 | MPA J0649-1816 | 2008 | 18.7 | Canis Major | ||||||
06h 50m 40.42s | 00° 13′ 41.9″ | 212.642 | -0.066 | PHR J0650+0013 | 2006 | 32000+99999 −14000[1] |
15.2 | Monoceros | Binary central star | ||||
06h 50m 40.71s | −22° 26′ 11.5″ | 233.034 | -10.181 | PN G233.0-10.1 | 1987 | 2320+4590 −930[1] |
20.1 | Canis Major | |||||
06h 51m 07.20s | −02° 57′ 07.0″ | 215.523 | -1.416 | PN G215.5-01.4 | 2006 | 19.9 | Monoceros | Behind magnitude 7.7 star HD 50025; central star unidentified | |||||
06h 52m 19.74s | −12° 40′ 41.3″ | 224.351 | -5.549 | PHR J0652-1240 | 2006 | 5200+20000 −2300[1] |
19.6 | Canis Major | |||||
06h 52m 20.20s | −09° 51′ 34.7″ | 221.825 | -4.281 | PHR J0652-0951 | 2006 | 21.3 | Monoceros | ||||||
06h 52m 23.17s | 09° 57′ 55.8″ | 204.150 | +4.734 | PN K 2-2 | 1963 | 2820+150 −140[1] |
14.3 | Monoceros | ~62,100 years old[3] | ||||
06h 53m 22.53s | 02° 58′ 34.9″ | 210.503 | +1.787 | IRAS 06507+0302 | 1988 | 65000+99999 −27000[1] |
15.3 | Monoceros | Not confirmed as a planetary nebula | ||||
06h 53m 28.81s | 30° 55′ 04.3″ | 185.054 | +13.951 | IRAS F06502+3058 | 1988 | 3190+260 −220[1] |
12.2 | Gemini | Proto-planetary nebula; binary central star | ||||
06h 53m 33.75s | 03° 08′ 27.0″ | 210.378 | +1.904 | PN M 1-8 | 1968 | 13400+2700 −2700[note 5] |
12.5 | Monoceros | |||||
06h 54m 13.44s | −10° 45′ 38.3″ | 222.841 | -4.273 | IRAS 06518-1041 | 1988 | 57000+43000 −17000[1] |
13.8 | Monoceros | Binary central star | ||||
06h 54m 20.80s | −25° 24′ 33.6″ | 236.132 | -10.687 | PN HaWe 9 | 1987 | 11500+99999 −6900[1] |
19.5 | Canis Major | |||||
06h 54m 09.00s | −44° 57′ 59.0″ | 254.742 | -18.348 | [FMP2006b] Fr 2-24 | 2013 | 20.0 | Puppis | Central star not identified | |||||
06h 55m 12.24s | −29° 07′ 28.9″ | 239.654 | -12.073 | ESO 427-19 | 1983 | 56000+99999 −52000[1] |
18.9 | Canis Major | |||||
06h 55m 31.82s | −02° 17′ 28.2″ | 215.437 | -0.135 | IRAS 06530-0213 | 1988 | 99999+84000 −99999[1] |
14.1 | Monoceros | Proto-planetary nebula | ||||
06h 55m 59.95s | −23° 56′ 49.4″ | 234.951 | -9.723 | PN G234.9-09.7 | 2008 | 9600+24800 −4000[1] |
19.1 | Canis Major | |||||
06h 56m 14.61s | −02° 53′ 07.9″ | 216.048 | -0.247 | Abell 18 | 1955 | 12400+3200 −2600[note 5] |
20.9 | Monoceros | |||||
06h 57m 07.10s | −23° 34′ 24.4″ | 234.721 | -9.331 | IRAS 06549-2330 | 1988 | 6700+99999 −3600[1] |
15.6 | Canis Major | Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula | ||||
06h 59m 23.77s | 18° 26′ 49.7″ | 197.225 | +9.997 | PN Kn 39 | 2013 | 10300+2700 −2100[note 5] |
20.1 | Gemini | |||||
06h 59m 26.41s | −79° 38′ 47.1″ | 291.375 | -26.294 | PN Vo 1 | 1986 | 1980+490 −330[1] |
15.8 | Mensa | Proto-planetary nebula | ||||
06h 59m 56.43s | 14° 36′ 34.0″ | 200.786 | +8.451 | Abell 19 | 1955 | 7600+1500 −1500[note 5] |
20.2 | Gemini | ~20,700 years old[3] central star obscured | ||||
Glowing eye | NGC 6751 | 6.5 | 11.9 | Aquila | |||||||||
NGC 6210 | 4.7 | 9.3 | Hercules | ||||||||||
Ghost of Jupiter | NGC 3242 | 1785 | 1.4 | 8.6 | Hydra | ||||||||
Blinking Planetary | NGC 6826 | 2.0 | 8.8 | Cygnus | |||||||||
Dumbbell Nebula | M27 | NGC 6853 | 1764 | 1.36 +0.16 −0.21 |
7.5 | Vulpecula | |||||||
Ring Nebula | M57 | NGC 6720 | 1779 | 2.3 +1.5 −0.7 |
9 | Lyra | |||||||
Eskimo Nebula | NGC 2392 | 1787 | 2.9 (approx.) | 10.1 | Gemini | ||||||||
Cat's Eye Nebula | NGC 6543 | 1786 | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 9.8B | Draco | ||||||||
Little Ghost Nebula | NGC 6369 | 1800 (prior to) | 9.9 | Ophiuchus | |||||||||
Medusa Nebula | 1955 | 1.0 (approx.) | 15.99 | Gemini | |||||||||
NGC 7027 | 1878 | 3.0 (approx.) | 10 | Cygnus | |||||||||
Helix Nebula | NGC 7293 | 1824 | 0.68 +0.15 −0.08 |
7.6 | Aquarius | ||||||||
Owl Nebula | M97 | NGC 3587 | 1781 | 2.6 (approx.) | 9.9 | Ursa Major | |||||||
Twin Jet Nebula or Butterfly Nebula |
M2-9 | 1947 | 2.1 | 14.7 | Ophiuchus | ||||||||
Footprint Nebula | M1-92 | 1946 | 15.0 (maximum) | 11.7 | Cygnus | ||||||||
Butterfly Nebula | NGC 2346 | 1802 | 3.9 (approx.) | 11.9 | Monoceros | ||||||||
Abell 39 | 1955 | 6.8 (approx.) | 13.7 | Hercules | |||||||||
Jones-Emberson 1 | PK 164+31.1 | 1939 | 1.6 (approx.) | 14.0 | Lynx | ||||||||
Lemon Slice Nebula | IC 3568 | 1918 | 4.5 (approx.) | 12 | Camelopardalis | ||||||||
Soap Bubble Nebula | PN G75.5 1.7 | 2008 | 4 (approx.) | Cygnus | |||||||||
IC 4593 | 1907 | 12 | 10.84 | Hercules | |||||||||
IC 4997 | 8 | 11 | Sagitta | ||||||||||
NGC 2371 | 1785 | 4.3 | 13 | Gemini | |||||||||
NGC 6572 | 1825 | 2.5 | 8.1 | Ophiuchus | |||||||||
NGC 6781 | 1788 | 2.5 | 11.4 | Aquila | |||||||||
NGC 6790 | 1882 | 11 | 10.5 | Aquila | |||||||||
NGC 6881 | 1881 | 13.8 | Cygnus | ||||||||||
NGC 6884 | 1883 | 6.5 | 10.9 | Cygnus | |||||||||
NGC 6891 | 1884 | 7.2 | 10.5 | Delphinus | |||||||||
NGC 6905 | 1784 | 7.5 (approx.) | 10.9 | Delphinus | |||||||||
Fetus Nebula | NGC 7008 | 1787 | 2.7 | 12 | Cygnus | ||||||||
Blue Snowball Nebula | NGC 7662 | 1784 | 8.6 | Andromeda | |||||||||
Abell 78 | 1966 | 13 | Cygnus | ||||||||||
Abell 31 | 1955 | 2 | 12.2 | Cancer | |||||||||
Soccer Ball Nebula | Kronberger 61 | 2011 | 13 | 18.4 | Cygnus | ||||||||
Hen 2-47 | 6.6 | Carina | |||||||||||
Red Spider Nebula | NGC 6537 | 1888 (prior to) | 3.9 (approx.) | 11.9 | Sagittarius | ||||||||
NGC 6565 | 14 | Sagittarius | |||||||||||
Bug Nebula | NGC 6302 | 1888 (prior to) | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 7.1B | Scorpius | ||||||||
Saturn Nebula | NGC 7009 | 1782 | 3.0 (approx.) | 8.0 | Aquarius | ||||||||
Eight-burst Nebula | NGC 3132 | 1888 (prior to) | 2.6 (approx.) | 9.87 | Vela | ||||||||
NGC 2438 | 1786 | 2.9 (approx.) | 11.5 | Puppis | |||||||||
Retina Nebula | IC 4406 | 1888–1907 | 2.0 (approx.) | Lupus | |||||||||
NGC 2440 | 1790 | 3.6 (approx.) | 9.3 | Puppis | |||||||||
Stingray Nebula | Hen 3-1357 | 1989 | 18 (approx.) | 10.75 | Ara | ||||||||
Spiral Planetary Nebula | NGC 5189 | 1835 | 2.6 (approx.) | 9.5 | Musca | ||||||||
Mz 1 | 1922 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 12.0 | Norma | |||||||||
Ant Nebula | Mz 3 | 1922 | 8.0 (approx.) | 13.8 | Norma | ||||||||
Shapley 1 | PLN 329+2.1 | 1936 | ~1 | 12.6 | Norma | ||||||||
Hourglass Nebula | MyCn18 | 1996 | 8.0 (approx.) | 13.0 | Musca | ||||||||
NGC 3918 | 1834 | 4.9 | 8.5 | Centaurus | |||||||||
Fleming 1 | G290.5+07.9 ESO 170-6 |
1888? | 7.9 | 13.1 | Centaurus | ||||||||
Southern Owl Nebula | PN K 1-22 ESO 378-1 |
1971[8] | 4.3[9] | 17.4[10] | Hydra | ||||||||
IC 4191 | 1907 | 11.6 | Musca | ||||||||||
IC 4634 | 1893 | 7.5 | 11.3 | Ophiuchus | |||||||||
IC 4637 | 1901 | 7.8 | 12.5 | Scorpius | |||||||||
NGC 2792 | 1835 | 11.6 | Vela | ||||||||||
NGC 4361 | 1785 | 3 (approx.) | 10.9 | Corvus | |||||||||
NGC 5307 | 1836 | 10 | 11.2 | Centaurus | |||||||||
NGC 5315 | 1883 | 7 (approx.) | 9.8 | Circinus | |||||||||
NGC 5882 | 1834 | 9.4 | Lupus | ||||||||||
Box Nebula | NGC 6309 | 1876 | 11.5 | Ophiuchus | |||||||||
NGC 6326 | 1826 | 11 | 12.2 | Ara | |||||||||
NGC 6563 | 1826 | 11 | Sagittarius | ||||||||||
NGC 6629 | 1784 | 11.3 | Sagittarius | ||||||||||
Phantom Streak Nebula | NGC 6741 | 1882 | 7 | 11 | Aquila | ||||||||
Little Gem Nebula | NGC 6818 | 1787 | 6 | 9.3 | Sagittarius | ||||||||
Abell 36 | 1955 | 0.78 | Virgo | ||||||||||
M 1-42 | 10 | Sagittarius |
Notes
[edit]- ^ Gaia DR2 has a distance measurement of Abell 2's central white dwarf, but the measured parallax is an impossible -0.67 ± 0.57 mas, only ruling out the star being closer than 10,000 light-years away.
- ^ upper limit for distance based on H-R diagram dynamics
- ^ The central star has a measured parallax in Gaia DR2 of -0.33 +/- 0.34 mas, which conflicts highly with other distance estimations.
- ^ based on the luminosity of the central white dwarf
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u based on luminosity of the central star
- ^ Gaia parallax is almost certainly in error, value is based on assumptions about companion star luminosity
- ^ Gaia measures a parallax of the central star as an impossible -1.24 ± 0.37 mas.
Data values are sourced from the individual articles, where available, for each nebula. Please see the article of the nebula in question for data references.
Many distances are estimates (denoted by the approx. suffix), as true distances are difficult to infer for planetary nebulae. Please see main article, Planetary nebulae, for more details on distance estimates.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef Gaia
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Haywood, M.; Stanghellini, L. (3 March 2010). "The Galactic structure and chemical evolution traced by the population of planetary nebulae". doi:10.1088/0004-637X/714/2/1096. Retrieved 13 February 2019.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Ali, A.; Sabin, L.; Snaid, S.; Basurah, H. M. (10 May 2012). "Interacting planetary nebulae". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 541: A98. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118389.
{{cite journal}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help) - ^ Preite-Martinez, A. (December 1988). "Possible new planetary nebulae in the IRAS point source catalogue". ui.adsabs.harvard.edu. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
- ^ Henry, R. B. C.; Kwitter, Karen B.; Jaskot, Anne E.; Balick, Bruce; Morrison, Michael A.; Milingo, Jacquelynne B. (20 November 2010). "ABUNDANCES OF GALACTIC ANTICENTER PLANETARY NEBULAE AND THE OXYGEN ABUNDANCE GRADIENT IN THE GALACTIC DISK". The Astrophysical Journal. 724 (1): 748–761. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/724/1/748. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
- ^ Viironen, K.; Mampaso, A.; Corradi, R. L. M.; Drew, J. E.; Frew, D. J.; Giammanco, C.; Greimel, R.; Liimets, T.; Lindberg, J. E.; Rodríguez, M.; Sabin, L.; Sale, S. E.; Wilson, P. A.; Zijlstra, A. (19 May 2011). "A new planetary nebula in the outer reaches of the Galaxy". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 530: A107. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014897.
{{cite journal}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help) - ^ Men'shchikov, A. B.; Schertl, D.; Tuthill, P. G.; Weigelt, G.; Yungelson, L. R. (1 October 2002). "Properties of the close binary and circumbinary torus of the Red Rectangle". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 393 (3): 867–885. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020859. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
- ^ Kohoutek, L. (1971). "New planetary nebula". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 13: 493. Bibcode:1971A&A....13..493K.
- ^ Jacob, R.; Schönberner, D.; Steffen, M. (2013). "The evolution of planetary nebulae". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 558: A78. arXiv:1307.6189. Bibcode:2013A&A...558A..78J. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321532. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Phillips, J. P. (2005). "The distances of highly evolved planetary nebulae". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 357 (2): 619–625. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.357..619P. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08676.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
List of neutron stars
[edit]The following is a list of known neutron stars.
Name | RA | DEC | Distance (LY) | Age (Myr) | Spin rate (Hz) | Radial velocity (km/s) | Proper motion velocity (km/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PSR J0437-47 | 04h 37m 15.93s | −47° 15′ 09.3″ | 392+35 −29 |
1590 | 0.0057575 | 80.9+8.3 −7.1 | |
RX J1856.6-3754 | 18h 56m 35.11s | −37° 54′ 30.5″ | 400+50 −40 |
3.76 | 7.0552 | 193+25 −20 | |
PSR J2144-3939 | 21h 04m 12.10s | −39° 33′ 55.2″ | 539+55 −46 |
272 | 8.5098 | ||
PSR B1749-28 | 17h 52m 58.69s | −28° 06′ 36.3″ | 1960+1420 −580 |
1.1 | 0.56256 |
List of supernovae in 2019
[edit]The following is a list of supernovae either less than 200 million light-years from the Milky Way, brighter than magnitude 17, occurring in a notable galaxy, or notable for other reasons, that occurred in 2019.
Date | Name | RA | DEC | Host galaxy | Separation from galaxy core (arcsec) |
Redshift | Distance (mly) |
Type | Peak apparent magnitude |
Absolute magnitude |
Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019-01-02 | SN 2019be | 13h 00m 14.52s | 27° 57′ 24.2″ | NGC 4898 | 40.9 | 0.02303 | 305 | Ia (91bg-like) | 18.5 | -16.4 | In the Coma Cluster |
2019-01-02 | SN 2019el | 00h 02m 56.70s | 32° 32′ 52.3″ | N/A | N/A | 0.0005 | 7 | IIn | 17.4 | -9.3 | |
2019-01-08 | SN 2019lc | 11h 52m 30.70s | 20° 37′ 32.2″ | IC 2968 | 2.9 | 0.02204 | 292 | 16.3 | -18.5 | ||
2019-01-08 | SN 2019ail | 10h 28m 27.28s | 12° 42′ 21.8″ | NGC 3253 | 7.2 | 0.03234 | 427 | IIb | 18.8 | -16.9 | |
2019-01-09 | SN 2019np | 10h 29m 21.98s | 29° 30′ 38.3″ | NGC 3254 | 74.2 | 0.00456 | 120 | Ia | 13.9 | -18.9 | |
2019-01-10 | SN 2019ow | 12h 03m 46.45s | 03° 32′ 47.8″ | NGC 4058 | 39.3 | 0.01935 | 256 | 18.1 | -16.4 | ||
2019-01-11 | SN 2019rf | 03h 12m 13.52s | 67° 24′ 35.0″ | LEDA 165356 | 27.8 | 0.01042 | 138 | 17.9 | -15.3 | ||
2019-01-12 | SN 2019rn | 02h 17m 59.61s | 14° 32′ 00.4″ | NGC 877 | 37.8 | 0.01341 | 154 | IIb | 16.6 | -16.8 | |
2019-01-14 | SN 2019so | 12h 42m 36.42s | −40° 44′ 46.8″ | NGC 4622 | 15.5 | 0.01457 | 193 | Ia (91bg-like) | 18.5 | -15.1 | |
2019-01-16 | SN 2019ui | 16h 48m 03.48s | 26° 12′ 42.5″ | NGC 6228 | 12.8 | 0.03419 | 451 | II | 18.6 | -17.2 | |
2019-01-17 | SN 2019va | 13h 35m 14.69s | 44° 45′ 58.7″ | UGC 8577 | 23.8 | 0.00881 | 117 | IIP | 15.9 | -16.9 | |
2019-01-17 | SN 2019aai | 16h 32m 20.74s | 19° 50′ 24.4″ | NGC 6181 | 48.7 | 0.00791 | 105 | II | 17.8 | -14.8 | |
2019-01-20 | SN 2019yz | 15h 41m 57.30s | 00° 42′ 39.4″ | UGC 9977 | 34.7 | 0.00639 | 88 | Ic | 15.9 | -16.3 | |
2019-01-22 | SN 2019yc | 00h 39m 34.99s | 00° 52′ 04.7″ | NGC 201 | 28.9 | 0.01461 | 194 | II | 16.7 | -17.2 | |
2019-01-29 | SN 2019ahg | 13h 31m 48.01s | −02° 36′ 30.9″ | IC 893 | 14.1 | 0.02025 | 268 | Ic | 17.9 | -16.7 | |
2019-01-30 | SN 2019aik | 10h 37m 38.38s | 37° 27′ 29.5″ | NGC 3304 | 10.9 | 0.02314 | 306 | Ia | 15.6 | -19.3 | |
2019-01-31 | SN 2019all | 06h 06m 51.41s | −75° 21′ 47.8″ | IC 2164 | 5.9 | 0.03747 | 494 | Ib/c | 19.1 | -16.9 | |
2019-06-01 | SN 2019guc | 06h 47m 49.79s | 74° 29′ 46.0″ | NGC 2258 | 53.3 | 0.01329 | 186 | 16.7 | -17.1 | ||
2019-06-01 | AT 2019gwl | 20h 56m 52.70s | −16° 35′ 09.2″ | IC 1337 | 0.4 | 0.03079 | 430 | 19.1 | -16.6 | Not confirmed to be a supernova | |
2019-06-02 | SN 2019gsc | 14h 37m 45.20s | 52° 43′ 36.3″ | LEDA 52275 | 11.0 | 0.01130 | 158 | Iax (02xc-like) | 19.7 | -13.9 | |
2019-06-07 | SN 2019hez | 17h 49m 43.96s | 48° 27′ 36.1″ | 2MFGC 14062 | 10.8 | 0.0113 | 158 | Ia | 18.8 | -14.8 | |
2019-06-10 | SN 2019hhk | 14h 54m 12.52s | 04° 44′ 59.4″ | IC 1071 | 0.6 | 0.02769 | 366 | 16.7 | -18.6 |
List of largest uninhabited islands
[edit]Rank | Name | Area (km2) | Country or countries | Latitude |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Devon Island | 55247 | Canada | +75 08 00 |
2 | Alexander Island | 49070 | Antarctica | -71 00 00 |
3 | Severny Island | 48904 | Russia | +75 30 00 |
4 | Berkner Island | 43873 | Antarctica | -79 30 00 |
5 | Axel Heiberg Island | 43178 | Canada | +79 26 00 |
6 | Melville Island | 42149 | Canada | +75 30 00 |
7 | Prince of Wales Island | 33339 | Canada | +72 40 00 |
8 | Yuzhny Island | 33260 | Russia | +72 00 00 |
9 | Somerset Island | 24786 | Canada | +73 15 00 |
10 | Bathurst Island | 16042 | Canada | +75 46 00 |
11 | Prince Patrick Island | 15848 | Canada | +76 45 00 |
12 | Thurston Island | 15700 | Antarctica | -72 06 00 |
13 | Nordauslandet | 14450 | Norway | +79 48 00 |
14 | October Revolution Island | 14190 | Russia | +79 30 00 |
15 | Ellef Ringnes Island | 11295 | Canada | +78 37 00 |
16 | Bolshevik Island | 11250 | Russia | +78 38 00 |
17 | Bylot Island | 11067 | Canada | +73 16 00 |
18 | Prince Charles Island | 9521 | Canada | +67 47 00 |
19 | Komsomolets Island | 8900 | Russia | +80 29 03 |
20 | Carney Island | 8500 | Antarctica | -73 57 00 |
21 | Roosevelt Island | 7700 | Antarctica | -79 25 00 |
22 | Wrangel Island | 7700 | Russia | +71 14 00 |
24 | Siple Island | 6390 | Antarctica | -73 51 00 |
25 | New Siberia | 6200 | Russia | +75 05 14 |
26 | Coats Island | 5498 | Canada | +62 35 00 |
27 | Amund Ringnes ISland | 5255 | Canada | +78 20 00 |
28 | Bolshoy Lyakovsky Island | 5157 | Russia | +73 24 00 |
29 | Edgeøya | 5073 | Norway | +77 45 00 |
30 | Mackenzie King Island | 5048 | Canada | +77 45 00 |
31 | Stefansson Island | 4463 | Canada | +73 30 00 |
32 | Spaatz Island | 4100 | Antarctica | -73 12 00 |
33 | Milne Land | 3913 | Greenland | +70 41 00 |
34 | Santa Inés Island | 3688 | Chile | -53 45 00 |
35 | Traill Island | 3542 | Greenland | +72 32 00 |
36 | Vaygach Island | 3350 | Russia | +69 59 49 |
37 | Mansel Island | 3180 | Canada | +62 00 00 |
38 | Akimiski Island | 3001 | Canada | +53 00 00 |
List of comet groups
[edit]The following is a list of known families of comets in the Solar System. Comets are exceptionally prone to breaking apart among Solar System objects, due to the forces involved in their slow disintegration as the ices and volatiles they are marde up of slowly evaporate.
Kreutz Sungrazers
[edit]- C/1668 E1
- C/1843 D1
Kracht Group
[edit]Meyer group
[edit]Marsden group
[edit]C/1742 C1 group
[edit]- C/1742 C1
- C/1907 G1
C/1844 Y1 group
[edit]- C/1844 Y1
- C/2019 Y4
C/1915 R1 group
[edit]- C/1915 R1
- C/2016 R3
C/1988 A1 (Liller) Group
[edit]Name | Semimajor axis | Perihelion distance | Eccentricity | Inclination | Longitude of the ascending node | Argument of perihelion | Perihelion date | Obital period | M1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C/1988 A1 (Liller) | 245.24±0.63 | 0.84134769±0.00000076 | 0.9965692±0.0000088 | 73.32227±0.00009 | 31.51563±0.00017 | 57.38917±0.00009 | 1988-03-31 | 3840±15 | 9.7±1.0 |
C/1996 Q1 (Tabur) | 601±69 | 0.839802±0.000016 | 0.99860±0.00016 | 73.3555±0.0014 | 31.3996±0.0012 | 57.4131±0.0036 | 1996-11-03 | 14700±2500 | 11.0±1.0 |
C/2015 F3 (SWAN) | 231.8±3.1 | 0.834442±0.000017 | 0.996400±0.000048 | 73.38651±0.00033 | 31.63951±0.00058 | 57.5663±0.0017 | 2015-03-09 | 3529±70 | 14.2±1.0 |
C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS) | 240.03±0.17 | 0.83782418±0.00000034 | 0.9965095±0.0000024 | 73.348145±0.000023 | 31.366317±0.000040 | 57.498232±0.000035 | 2020-03-15 | 3718.9±3.9 | 11.9±1.0 |
List of temporary moons of Jupiter
[edit]The following comets between 1800 and 2200 will become, or have been briefly gravitationally bound to Jupiter as temporary satellites:
D/1977 C1 (Skiff-Kozai) may have been orbiting Jupiter during 1973 and earlier, but with only 8 recorded observations over 27 days, its orbit is too poor to know for certain. P/1999 XN120 39P 74P (2081-2085)
Name | date captured | date escaped/impacted | timespan (years) |
---|---|---|---|
111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett | 1843 | 1845 | 2 |
82P/Gehrels | 1871 | 1873 | 2 |
129P/Shoemaker–Levy | 1909 | 1913 | 4 |
345P/LINEAR | 1916 | 1919 | 3 |
39P/Oterma | 1935 | 1939 | 4 |
111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett | 1940 | 1943 | 3 |
147P/Kushida–Muramatsu | 1949 | 1962 | 13 |
39P/Oterma | 1961 | 1965 | 4 |
82P/Gehrels | 1966 | 1974 | 8 |
111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett | 1967 | 1985 | 18 |
D/1993 F2 (Shoemaker–Levy 9) | 1973 | 1994 | 21 |
P/1996 R2 (Lagerkvist) | 1983 | 1993 | 10 |
345P/LINEAR | 2000 | 2004 | 4 |
147P/Kushida–Muramatsu | 2021 | 2022 | 1 |
39P/Oterma | 2024 | 2025 | 1 |
74P/Smirnova–Chernykh | 2025 | 2031 | 6 |
82P/Gehrels | 2056 | 2064 | 8 |
111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett | 2068 | 2086 | 18 |
345P/LINEAR | 2087 | 2090 | 3 |
345P/LINEAR | 2127 | 2129 | 2 |
82P/Gehrels | 2145 | 2151 | 6 |
345P/LINEAR | 2153 | 2159 | 6 |
39P/Oterma | 2154 | 2155 | 1 |
302P/Lemmon-PANSTARRS | 2166 | 2167 | 1 |
158P/Kowal-LINEAR entered orbit of Saturn some time in 1935 or 1936.
Temporary cometary moons
[edit]Due to its large gravity and the large population of short-period comets, a number of quasi-Hilda comets will occasionally become temporarily trapped in Jupiter's gravity. The most famous example, Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 orbited Jupiter for at least two decades before eventually breaking up and impacting the planet in July 1994. However, the majority of comets captured by Jupiter are eventually ejected, often before finishing a complete orbit.
The following known comets have been, are, or will be captured by Jupiter's gravity between 1800 and 2200:
Comet | Date entered orbit[note 1] | Date left orbit[note 1] | Days in orbit[note 1] | Closest approach to Jupiter (km) | Original perihelion distance (au) | Escaping perihelion distance (au) | Comet discovery date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann | 1819/01/03 | 1819/01/15 | 12 | 1459000 | 2.93 | 3.21 | 1929/01/17 |
82P/Gehrels | 1834/04/18 | 1835/05/28 | 405 | 162448000 | 5.48 | 5.56 | 1989/01/02 |
39P/Oterma | 1843/04/29 | 1843/08/07 | 100 | 263382000 | 5.79 | 5.79 | 1943/04/08 |
65P/Gunn | 1879/02/12 | 1880/07/22 | 527 | 80859000 | 4.21 | 3.49 | 1970/10/27 |
39P/Oterma | 1902/05/26 | 1903/01/13 | 232 | 215211000 | 5.81 | 5.82 | 1943/04/08 |
82P/Gehrels | 1928/06/28 | 1932/10/25 | 1580 | 2639000 | 5.50 | 3.83 | 1989/01/02 |
39P/Oterma | 1935/03/11 | 1939/04/09 | 1490 | 24660000 | 5.84 | 3.39 | 1943/04/08 |
99P/Kowal | 1936/10/12 | 1937/03/24 | 164 | 159666000 | 4.35 | 4.26 | 1977/04/24 |
65P/Gunn | 1939/02/04 | 1939/02/27 | 23 | 205323000 | 3.57 | 3.29 | 1970/10/27 |
94P/Russell | 1941/01/17 | 1941/02/23 | 38 | 267690000 | 2.24 | 2.43 | 1984/03/07 |
39P/Oterma | 1961/12/05 | 1965/04/08 | 1220 | 14234000 | 3.39 | 5.50 | 1943/04/08 |
82P/Gehrels | 1968/06/20 | 1974/07/12 | 2213 | 246700 | 3.84 | 3.43 | 1989/01/02 |
111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett[note 2] | 1974/03/08 | 1985/07/09 | 4142 | 2889000 | 3.84 | 3.47 | 1989/01/02 |
65P/Gunn | 2014/09/16 | 2015/01/09 | 116 | 84436000 | 2.44 | 2.91 | 1970/10/27 |
39P/Oterma | 2024/03/09 | 2025/08/12 | 521 | 132949000 | 5.75 | 5.95 | 1943/04/08 |
74P/Smirnova–Chernykh | 2025/08/11 | 2031/05/30 | 2119 | 43291000 | 3.55 | 3.84 | 1975/03/04 |
99P/Kowal | 2053/10/13 | 2054/08/24 | 316 | 50510000 | 4.70 | 4.92 | 1977/04/24 |
82P/Gehrels | 2056/02/19 | 2064/07/24 | 3078 | 11055000 | 3.51 | 3.14 | 1989/01/02 |
111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett | 2068/04/20 | 2086/07/20 | 6666 | 5406000 | 3.56 | 3.44 | 1989/01/02 |
65P/Gunn | 2074/03/24 | 2074/12/28 | 280 | 136142000 | 2.68 | 3.01 | 1970/10/27 |
74P/Smirnova–Chernykh | 2081/03/10 | 2083/03/22 | 743 | 84815000 | 3.84 | 3.18 | 1975/03/04 |
65P/Gunn | 2098/02/03 | 2099/03/26 | 417 | 159337000 | 3.02 | 3.63 | 1970/10/27 |
82P/Gehrels | 2145/12/04 | 2152/02/22 | 2271 | 2251000 | 3.23 | 4.11 | 1989/01/02 |
39P/Oterma | 2154/03/25 | 2155/12/09 | 624 | 115376000 | 5.88 | 5.93 | 1943/04/08 |
111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett | 2166/11/09 | >2175/01/03[note 3] | >2978 | 4059000 | 3.41 | ? | 1989/01/02 |
74P/Smirnova–Chernykh | 2169/04/23 | 2172/08/21 | 1217 | 70055000 | 3.15 | 4.73 | 1975/03/04 |
82P/Gehrels | 2187/01/14 | 2194/01/19 | 2562 | 3798000 | 4.10 | 3.29 | 1989/01/02 |
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