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User:Mati Roy/Books/Cognitive Bias

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Buy the book here: http://pediapress.com/books/setup/f858ee2b317294a08615774963283b/ Inspired from this article: https://betterhumans.coach.me/cognitive-bias-cheat-sheet-55a472476b18#.rppp3yeod

Cognitive Bias

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Cheat Sheet. Not.

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List: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YJTQy-_TcKF-G4sGysVSrIh0vzUm0vpWy5Mz5ELFUE4
Part 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Mathieu.roy.37/Books/Cognitive_Biases:_Too_Much_Information
Part 2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Mathieu.roy.37/Books/Cognitive_Biases:_Not_Enough_Meaning
Part 3: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Mathieu.roy.37/Books/Cognitive_Biases:_Need_to_Act_Fast
Part 4: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Mathieu.roy.37/Books/Cognitive_Biases:_What_Should_We_Remember%3F


List of cognitive biases
Problem 1
Too much information
We notice things that are already primed in memory or repeated often.
Availability heuristic
Attentional bias
Illusory truth effect
Mere-exposure effect
Cue-dependent forgetting
Empathy gap
Omission bias
Base rate fallacy
Bizarre/funny/visually-striking/anthropomorphic things stick out more than non-bizarre/unfunny things.
Bizarreness effect
Von Restorff effect
Picture superiority effect
Self-reference effect
We notice when something has changed.
Anchoring
Money illusion
Framing effect (psychology)
Weber–Fechner law
Conservatism (belief revision)
Distinction bias
We are drawn to details that confirm our own existing beliefs.
Confirmation bias
Congruence bias
Choice-supportive bias
Selective perception
Observer-expectancy effect
Ostrich effect
Subjective validation
Semmelweis reflex
We notice flaws in others more easily than flaws in ourselves.
Bias blind spot
Naïve cynicism
Naïve realism (psychology)
Problem 2
Not enough meaning
We find stories and patterns even in sparse data.
Confabulation
Clustering illusion
Insensitivity to sample size
Neglect of probability
Illusion of validity
Masked-man fallacy
Recency illusion
Gambler's fallacy
Hot-hand fallacy
Illusory correlation
Pareidolia
Anthropomorphism
We fill in characteristics from stereotypes, generalities, and prior histories whenever there are new specific instances or gaps in information.
Group attribution error
Ultimate attribution error
Stereotype
Essentialism
Functional fixedness
Moral credential effect
Just-world hypothesis
Argument from fallacy
Authority bias
Automation bias
Bandwagon effect
Placebo
We imagine things and people we’re familiar with or fond of as better than things and people we aren’t familiar with or fond of.
Halo effect
In-group favoritism
Out-group homogeneity
Cross-race effect
Cheerleader effect
Well travelled road effect
Not invented here
Reactive devaluation
Positivity effect
We simplify probabilities and numbers to make them easier to think about.
Mental accounting
Normalcy bias
Appeal to probability
Murphy's law
Subadditivity effect
Survivorship bias
Denomination effect
The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two
We think we know what others are thinking.
Curse of knowledge
Illusion of transparency
Spotlight effect
Illusion of external agency
Illusion of asymmetric insight
Extrinsic incentives bias
We project our current mindset and assumptions onto the past and future.
Hindsight bias
Outcome bias
Moral luck
Declinism
Telescoping effect
Rosy retrospection
Impact bias
Optimism bias
Planning fallacy
Time-saving bias
Pro-innovation bias
Affective forecasting
Restraint bias
Problem 3
Need to act fast
In order to act, we need to be confident in our ability to make an impact and to feel like what we do is important.
Overconfidence effect
Egocentric bias
Social desirability bias
Third-person effect
Barnum effect
Illusion of control
False-consensus effect
Dunning–Kruger effect
Hard–easy effect
Illusory superiority
Lake Wobegon
Self-serving bias
Fundamental attribution error
Defensive attribution hypothesis
Trait ascription bias
Effort justification
Risk compensation
In order to stay focused, we favor the immediate, relatable thing in front of us over the delayed and distant.
Hyperbolic discounting
Appeal to novelty
Identifiable victim effect
In order to get anything done, we’re motivated to complete things that we’ve already invested time and energy in.
Sunk costs
Escalation of commitment
Loss aversion
IKEA effect
Generation effect
Zero-risk bias
Disposition effect
Pseudocertainty effect
Endowment effect
In order to avoid mistakes, we’re motivated to preserve our autonomy and status in a group, and to avoid irreversible decisions.
System justification
Reverse psychology
Decoy effect
Social comparison bias
Status quo bias
We favor options that appear simple or that have more complete information over more complex, ambiguous options.
Ambiguity effect
Information bias (psychology)
Belief bias
Rhyme-as-reason effect
Law of triviality
Conjunction fallacy
Occam's razor
Less-is-better effect
Problem 4
What should we remember?
We edit and reinforce some memories after the fact.
Misattribution of memory
Cryptomnesia
Suggestibility
Spacing effect
We discard specifics to form generalities.
Implicit stereotype
Prejudice
Negativity bias
Fading affect bias
We reduce events and lists to their key elements.
Peak–end rule
Leveling and sharpening
Misinformation effect
Duration neglect
Recall (memory)
Modality effect
Memory inhibition
Serial position effect
We store memories differently based on how they were experienced.
Levels-of-processing effect
Testing effect
Absent-mindedness
Tip of the tongue
Google effect