Vigo
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2015) |
Vigo | |
|---|---|
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
| Nickname: The Olive City | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Galicia |
| Province | Pontevedra |
| Comarca | Vigo |
| Parishes | List
|
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor-council |
| • Body | Concello de Vigo |
| • Mayor | Abel Caballero (PSdeG-PSOE) |
| Area | |
| • City | 109.1 km2 (42.1 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population (2014)INE | |
| • City | 294,997 |
| • Density | 2,700/km2 (7,000/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 481,268 |
| Demonym(s) | vigués (m), viguesa (f) olívico (m), olívica (f) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postcode | 36200-36392 |
| Area code | +34 986 |
| Website | hoxe |
Vigo (/ˈviːɡoʊ/, Galician: [ˈbiɣo], locally [ˈbiħo, -xo], Spanish: [ˈbiɣo]) is a city on the Atlantic Ocean in the province of Pontevedra, in Galicia, north-west Spain.
Vigo is the most populous municipality in Galicia, and the 14th in Spain.
Vigo is in the south-west of Galicia, in the southern part of Vigo Bay. In the north-east, it borders the municipality of Redondela, in the east Mos, in the south O Porriño and Gondomar, and in the south-west Nigrán. On the other side of the bay are the municipalities of Cangas and Moaña. They are all part of the southern Galician region called Rias Baixas. Vigo is located just north of the border with Portugal and its nearest larger city is Portugal's second largest city of Porto.
Vigo and its metropolitan area is one of the main economic agents of the region.
History
|
In the Middle Ages, the small village of Vigo was part of the territory of Galician speaking neighbouring towns, particularly Tui, and suffered several Viking attacks. However, the number of inhabitants was so small that, historically, Vigo was not considered to be a real village until around the 15th century, when the earliest records began.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, the city was attacked several times. In 1585 and 1589, Francis Drake raided the city and temporarily occupied it, leaving many buildings burnt. Several decades later a Turkish fleet tried to attack the city. As a result, the walls of the city were built in 1656 in the reign of Philip IV of Spain. They are still partially preserved.
At this time, and in spite of the attacks, the city of Vigo developed its earliest commerce, and was given several privileges by the kings of Spain.
In 1702, the Battle of Vigo Bay occurred, and in 1719, because a Spanish fleet which departed from Vigo attempted to invade Scotland in support of the Jacobites, the city was occupied for ten days by a British force.
In 1808, the French Army annexed Spain to the Napoleonic Empire, although Vigo remained unconquered until January, 1809. Vigo was also the first city of Galicia to be freed from French rule in what is now celebrated as the Reconquista (reconquest from the French in the context of the Peninsular War) on 28 March each year. In 1833 the city of Pontevedra was designated the provincial capital.
The city grew very rapidly in the 19th and 20th centuries. This resulted in continuous urban planning changes, making Vigo less structured than other Galician cities as Pontevedra or A Coruña.
Toponym
The urban area of Vigo is built over both a hill-fort (Castro) and a Roman settlement. It is generally accepted that the name Vigo is derived from the Latin word vicus spacorum, meaning small village.
The standard pronunciation of Vigo in both Galician and Spanish is [ˈbiɣo].
The nickname (cidade olívica) was used because it is said that, after the conflict between the Isabel de Castilla and Juana la Beltraneja where Galician nobility took part for the latter, the winner ordered to cut all the olive trees in Galicia because they symbolized the peace, but she couldn't unroot the one in Vigo because it was planted in sacred ground. The plant was then in the city seal and one descendant of that olive tree is still alive in Vigo city centre.
Population
The city of Vigo has 294,997 inhabitants (2014), with an extended metropolitan population of 481,268, making it the 14th-largest metropolitan area of Spain.
In 2010, 16,735 foreigners lived in the city, 5.6% of the total population. The main nationalities are Portuguese (16%), Brazilians (11%) and Colombians (7%).[citation needed]
By language, according to 2008 data, 7% of the population speak always in Galician, 43% speak always in Spanish and the rest use both interchangeably. This makes Vigo the least Galician-speaking city in Galicia.[citation needed]
- Demographic development of Vigo from 1842
Geography
Climate
Vigo's climate is usually classified as oceanic (Köppen climate classification Cfb); however, the summers tend to be warmer (and drier) and the winters milder than most areas of similar classification. In actuality, with its noticeable drying trend in the summer, Vigo's climate is more similar to the variant of the oceanic climate commonly seen in the Pacific Northwest region of North America; though with noticeably warmer winters. Substantial rainfall throughout the year prevents it from being classified as a Mediterranean climate, even though there is a drying trend in summer. The average annual temperature in Vigo is 15 °C (59 °F).[2] Compared to many other Galician towns, Vigo experiences warmer summer temperatures than A Coruña and milder winters than inland areas. This is due to its sheltered location, surrounded by mountains inland and the Illas Cíes out in the bay towards the sea.[3] The all-time record high for the city is 39.7 °C (103 °F) set on July 5, 2013.[4] Vigo is known for its extreme rainfall in winter. In December 1978 925.6 millimetres (36.44 in) fell at the weather station in a single month.[5] During that month on 7 December, 175 millimetres (6.9 in) fell on a single day.[6] Normal values for 1981-2010 was 1,791 millimetres (70.5 in) falling on just 129.2 days indicating heavy rain to be common.[7] The airport where values are taken are at a higher elevation than the city centre, which likely is warmer year-round.
| Climate data for Vigo (Vigo Airport 261m) (1981-2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.8 (71.2) |
27.6 (81.7) |
28.0 (82.4) |
29.6 (85.3) |
33.6 (92.5) |
38.6 (101.5) |
39.7 (103.5) |
37.8 (100.0) |
36.0 (96.8) |
30.5 (86.9) |
24.5 (76.1) |
23.2 (73.8) |
39.7 (103.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 11.9 (53.4) |
13.2 (55.8) |
15.7 (60.3) |
16.6 (61.9) |
18.8 (65.8) |
22.5 (72.5) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.7 (76.5) |
22.8 (73.0) |
18.8 (65.8) |
14.9 (58.8) |
12.4 (54.3) |
18.0 (64.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.6 (47.5) |
9.6 (49.3) |
11.5 (52.7) |
12.4 (54.3) |
14.6 (58.3) |
17.9 (64.2) |
19.6 (67.3) |
19.8 (67.6) |
18.3 (64.9) |
15.0 (59.0) |
11.5 (52.7) |
9.3 (48.7) |
14.0 (57.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.4 (41.7) |
5.8 (42.4) |
7.3 (45.1) |
8.2 (46.8) |
10.4 (50.7) |
13.2 (55.8) |
14.8 (58.6) |
15.0 (59.0) |
13.8 (56.8) |
11.2 (52.2) |
8.2 (46.8) |
6.3 (43.3) |
9.9 (49.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −4.0 (24.8) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
2.0 (35.6) |
4.6 (40.3) |
7.6 (45.7) |
7.2 (45.0) |
5.0 (41.0) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 208 (8.2) |
162 (6.4) |
141 (5.6) |
157 (6.2) |
127 (5.0) |
62 (2.4) |
44 (1.7) |
45 (1.8) |
102 (4.0) |
231 (9.1) |
246 (9.7) |
262 (10.3) |
1,791 (70.5) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 14 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 12 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 129 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84 | 78 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 74 | 81 | 84 | 84 | 77 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 114 | 131 | 178 | 193 | 228 | 273 | 296 | 287 | 212 | 154 | 112 | 101 | 2,269 |
| Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[8] | |||||||||||||
Districts
Vigo is administratively divided into 23 districts (parroquias), which are further subdivided into wards (barrios)
- Alcabre: Ameixeira, Barreiro, Carregal, Castañal, Cristo, Forte, Gándara, Igrexa, Pardaíña, Roade, Sobreira, Viñagrande
- Beade: Babio, Balde, Carballo do Pazo, Coutada, Gándara, Porto, A Pena, Quintián, O Seixo, A Venda, Sáa
- Bembrive: Baruxans, Carballal, Chans, Xestoso, Mosteiro, Outeiro, San Cibrán, Segade, Areeiro, Eifonso, Mouteira, Recaré, Xesteira
- Bouzas
- Cabral: Becerreira, Carballal, Sello, Figueiras
- Candeán: Igrexa, Candeán de Arriba, Rabadeira, Fonte Oscura
- Castrelos: Alvite, Castreliños, Costa, Chantada, Espedrigada o Pereiró, A Pousa, Falcoa, Macal, Pazó, Portoloureiro, Viloura
- Coia
- Comesaña: Casas, Cocheiros, Comesaña, Eidos, Igrexa, Muíños, Pazo, Pedra Branca, Pedreira, Pereiras, Ponte, Romeu, Rodeira, Sanin, Tombo, Viña da Veiga
- Coruxo: Roteas, Río, Molans, Cean, Fontela, Breadouro, Silveira, Combro, Calzada, Cotarelo, Romeu, Verdeal, Melcas, Taberna, Burdes, Abade, Igrexa, Quintas, Carballal, Rozo, Coto de Arriba, Coto de Abaixo, Carrasqueira, Muiños, Gándara, Longra, Luz, Bouzas, Tarrío, Gato, San Lourenzo, Torre de Abaixo, Torre de Arriba, Laxes, Viño, Pedreira, Parrocha, Fragoselo, Tintureira
- Freixeiro: Mantelas, A Salgueira, Riobó
- Lavadores: Arriero, A Bagunda, Barreiro, Cambeses, A Ceboleira, O Couto, Gandariña, Gandarón, Naia, Pardavila, Riomaio, San Paio de Abaixo, San Paio, Igrexa
- Matamá: Balsa, Balvis, Barxa, Beirán, Campos, Carapuxa, Carneiras, Dehesa, Castro, Igrexa, Lagarella, Moo, Outeiro, Parada, Pazos, Pereiro, Revolta, Rivas, Ribelas, Roupeiro, San Amaro, Vilar
- Navia: Devesa, Gándara, Goberna, Pereiras, Quintela, Redondo, Samil, Tomada, Torre, Xuncal
- Oia: Bouzo, Cabo Estai, Canido Praia, Carretera Cortada, Cerqueiro, Cruceiro, Curras, Eiras, Estea, Esteriz, Estomada, Figueiras, Gontade, Grades, Hermida, Igrexa, Loureiro, Estación, Lantexa, Lavandeira, Liñares, A Maris, Matoca, Mide, Oia, Outeiro, Poza, Rochas, Rozo, Senra de Arriba, Senra de Abaixo, Silval, Toxal, Toucido, Verdella, Xistro
- Saiáns: Carballido, Cal do Outeiro, Garcias, Aral, Fontán, Gándara, Cova da Becha, Curbeira, Horta, Orxas, Castañal, Borreiros, Portiño, Tomada, San Xurxo, Capela, Misarelas, Estea, Pinal, Budiases, Souto, Cova da Barxa, Domeira, Cachoa, Dovesa, Fortiñon, Gondufe, Volta, Vilaverde
- San Paio
- San Xoán do Monte
- Sárdoma
- Teis: Cacharela, Mouta, Ferreira, Paradela, Fervenza, Ríos, Travesán, Presa, Chumba, Igrexa, Trapa, Arnel, Praixal, Rorís, Balbarda, A Guía, Oliveira, Espiñeiro, Frian, Santa Tegra, Bellavista, Calzada, Coutadas, Os Caños, Tovel, A Rabuda, Guixar, Barrio das Frores, Montecelo
- Valadares
- Vigo centro
- Zamáns: Casal de Abade, Cidáns, A Igrexa (San Mamede), As Lagoas, Marcosende, A Menda, Paredes, Vilariño, Vilaverde, Erville.
Metropolitan area
The following towns are in the Vigo metropolitan area:
| Municipality | Population (2013) |
Area (km²) |
Density (h/km²) (2013) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vigo | 296,479 | 109.10 | 2717.5 |
| Cangas do Morrazo | 26,173 | 38.10 | 686.96 |
| Moaña | 19,309 | 31,50 | 612.98 |
| Soutomaior | 7,302 | 24.97 | 292.43 |
| Fornelos de Montes | 1,864 | 83.10 | 22.43 |
| Pazos de Borbén | 3,113 | 50.00 | 62.26 |
| Redondela | 29,918 | 51.90 | 576.45 |
| Nigrán | 17,738 | 34.90 | 508.25 |
| Baiona | 12,035 | 35.35 | 340.45 |
| Gondomar | 14,005 | 74.50 | 187.99 |
| Mos | 15,367 | 52.00 | 295.52 |
| Porriño | 18,908 | 61.20 | 308.95 |
| Salceda de Caselas | 8,887 | 35.90 | 247.55 |
| Salvaterra de Miño | 9,816 | 62.00 | 158.32 |
| Total | 480,914 | 744.52 | 645.94 |
Main sights
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- Casco Vello (historic centre)
- Porta do Sol, Policarpo Sanz and Alameda area (modern centre)
- Príncipe and Urzaiz Streets (commercial area)
- Celtic Castro ruins
- Castro fortress
- Collegiate church of Santa Maria de Vigo
Museums
- Naturnova Museum: Museum dedicated to environment. Interactive contents.
- Museum of the Sea: Museum dedicated to the Sea, and to tinned food and to naval. Important building designed by famous architects Aldo Rossi and Cesar Portela.
- Museum of Contemporary Art, Vigo: One of the most important museums of Contemporary Art in Spain.
- Museum of Castrelos.
- Verbum, Casa das palabras. A museum dedicated to languages and communication. Important building designed by famous architect Cesar Portela.
- Pinacoteca de Vigo
- Galician Center of Photography
- Ethnographic Museum Liste
- Pedro Barrié de la Maza Foundation
Romanesque architecture of Vigo
The municipality of Vigo is not only one of the major industrial cities in Galicia, but it is also one of the more important Roman centers of Pontevedra. Although within the city one will not find much Romanesque architecture, it can be seen a few kilometers away from the city center. In many of the municipality's neighborhoods and parishes a large number of Roman ruins remain. Such is the importance of the Roman remains in Vigo that many Spanish authors have come to coin the term Romanesque Vigo (románico vigués in Spanish). Vigo retains some interesting examples of Romanesque churches in southern Galicia:[9]
- Santa Maria de Castrelos
- Santiago de Bembrive
- San Salvador de Coruxo
Beaches
- Samil beach
- Carril beach
- Canido beach
- Vao beach
Transport
Vigo is served by Vigo-Peinador Airport with flights to Paris and three domestic destinations. Passenger numbers decreased in recent years, due to the proximity of Porto (Portugal) airport.
A ferry service operates between the Port of Vigo and Cíes Islands, 15 kilometres away from the city, part of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park, the only National Park in Galicia. European route E01 goes through the town. This highway goes south through Lisbon and north to the A Coruña area.
The A-52 road goes inland, east to Ourense from O Porriño.
The railway allows direct connections to Porto across the border in Portugal, and an AVE train station is being built in the centre of the city to connect the city to Spain's high-speed rail network.
Urban transport is provided by buses by Vitrasa progestin.
Governance
The city is governed by a mayor-council form of government. Following the May 22, 2011 municipal elections the mayor of Vigo is Abel Caballero of the Socialist Party of Galicia (PSdeG).[10] The city council ([concello] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)) is governed by the Socialist Party of Galicia (11 councilors, to the People's Party of Galicia 13 and the Galician Nationalist Bloc 3).
Economy
|
Vigo is characterized by a diversified economy linked to the fishing sector, industry, trade, tourism and services. It is often considered the economic and industrial engine of Galicia. Significantly, Vigo was the municipality with the highest GDP in Galicia in 2013.
Vigo is the leading industrial area in Galicia, with car factories, shipyards, and auxiliary industry in both automotive and marine sectors. Situated in Vigo is Galicia's leading employer, French factory PSA Peugeot Citroën, which in 2007 produced a total of 545,000 vehicles, of which more than 82% were sold outside Spain.
In addition, Vigo has the largest fishing port in Europe and is the home port of the world's largest fishing company, Pescanova and the most important centre of the Galician canned fish industry. The headquarters of the European Fisheries Control Agency are also located in the city.
The publishing industry in Galician is very prominent in the city, with Editorial Galaxia and Editorial Xerais among others.
Port of Vigo
The Port of Vigo covers a length of more than 20 km and offers more than 9 km of docks. The largest port traffic is general freight, highlighting container traffic, RO-RO of vehicles (the second in Spain in Ro-Ro traffic for new vehicles), natural stone and granite (the first of Spain in granite traffic), wood and preserved food.
Education
The University of Vigo is situated in a mountainous area on the outskirts of the city. It is an important center for studies related to ocean-based industries. The university has other campuses in Pontevedra and Ourense. The campus of Vigo is a modern project of the architect Enric Miralles, 15 kilometers away from the city.
The School of Mining Engineering is a school established in 1992. Its current[when?] director is Benito Vázquez Dorrío. it has undergone recent renovations in 2005 for more facilities.
Ocastro British School is situated in Mos on the outskirts of Vigo.
Culture
Arts and entertainment
"A movida viguesa" was a hedonistic cultural movement that took place in Vigo during the 1980s triggered by the explosion of liberties after the death of dictator Francisco Franco. The most important artists of this postmodern movement were musicians; particularly punk and new wave bands such as Siniestro Total, Golpes Bajos, Aerolíneas Federales, Semen Up or Os Resentidos.
At the moment, the city still has notorious bands like Iván Ferreiro (ex-singer of Los Piratas) and Mon.
The locally produced award-winning feature movie Mondays In The Sun (original title Los lunes al sol) depicts the life of several men who have lost their work at the Port of Vigo. This film is not based on a single individual's experiences but on the perceived collective experiences of many local port workers.
Media
Vigo has two daily newspapers; the Faro de Vigo, the oldest newspaper in Spain still in circulation, and the Atlántico Diario, a little local newspaper.
Sport
Basketball
Vigo has one of the most important women's basketball team, Celta, more commonly referred to today by its sponsorship name of Celta Indepo. They usually compete in the top category of women's championship. They won the championship three times. For the season 2012-2013, and after several economic problems, the team will play in the Spanish women basketball second division.
Football
Vigo has a football team, Real Club Celta de Vigo, which (as of 2014–15) plays in La Liga. The women's team from the area, Federación Viguesa de Peñas Recreativas El Olivo, was the first team from Galicia to compete in the Women's Primera División.[11]
Sailing
|
The Rías Baixas offer a privileged environment for the practice of the nautical sports. Institutions as the Real Club Nautico de Vigo (RCNV), founded in 1906, and the Liceo Marítimo de Bouzas (LMB), founded in 1907, are good examples of promotion of the nautical sports, especially sailing.
The RCNV organizes important events like the Atlantic Week, that in September 2006 received the World Championship of the Platu 25 class. The RCNV also organizes every year in August one of the races with more sailboats of the Iberian peninsula: the Regata Rías Baixas, that in the 2006 edition included the participation of 130 sailboats of different nationalities.
The LMB is a yacht club that agglutinates around 400 associates. The LMB has a long and intense activity in sailing and recreational fishing. The LMB organizes two important regattas of the Galician calendar of sail: the Regata Vila de Bouzas and a Regata de Solitarios y a Dos.
The Regata Vila de Bouzas honors the neighborhood where is located the LMB. The Regata de Solitarios y a Dos is sponsored by the firm Aister and is for crews of one and two members. It is a difficult race with two steps. One step consists of a race through the coastal inside the bay of Vigo and the other step is longer race around the Cies Islands (and/or Ons Islands). Likewise, the LMB has schools of sailing and fishing. Yearly it organizes a cephalopods fishing competition.
Notable people
- Antonio M. Pérez, CEO of Eastman Kodak
- Carlos Núñez, musician
- Méndez Núñez, military officer
- Concepcion Picciotto, peace activist
- Francisco Marcó del Pont, last governor of Chile under Spanish rule
- Iago Falqué Silva, footballer
- Iván Ferreiro, singer-songwriter
- Manuel Manquiña, actor
- Martín Codax, poet
- Ramón Souto, composer
- Ricardo Mella, anarchist activist
- Roberto Losada Rodríguez, footballer
- Serafín Avendaño, painter
In popular culture
Vigo Bay is one of the settings for Jules Verne's novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. The book's protagonist, Captain Nemo, draws his wealth and the funding for his submarine Nautilus from the cargoes of the galleons sunk by the British during the Battle of Vigo Bay in 1702, which are depicted as never having offloaded their treasure and as being easily accessible to divers.[12]
International relations
Twin towns – Sister cities
| This section needs additional citations for verification. (March 2015) |
Vigo is twinned with:
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|
See also
References
- ^ INEbase. Variaciones intercensales. Alteraciones de los municipios en los censos de población desde 1842. Online: http://www.ine.es/intercensal/ Retrieved 17-06-2011.
- ^ "Geography". vigo.com.
- ^ "Vigo". galiciaguide.com. Retrieved 17 November 2010.
- ^ "Vigo". Retrieved 5 July 2013.
- ^ "Extreme Values for Vigo Airport". Aemet.es. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
- ^ "Extreme values for Vigo Airport". Aemet.es. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
- ^ "Standard climate values for Vigo Airport". Aemet.es. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
- ^ "Guía resumida del clima en España (1981-2010)".
- ^ "Igrexas Romanicas en Vigo". Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ^ "Abel Caballero achieves the best results for the socialists in twenty years" (in Spanish). FarodeVigo.es. 2011-05-23.
- ^ "Quiero que sepan que hay futuro en el fútbol femenino". lavozdegalicia.es. Retrieved 2011-12-09.
- ^ Verne, Jules (1871). "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas". J. Hetzel et Cie. Retrieved 2014-02-22.
- ^ "International Relations of the City of Porto" (PDF). © 2006-2009 Municipal Directorate of the Presidency Services International Relations Office. Retrieved 2009-07-10.
External links
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Cities in Galicia | ||
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