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Westerham

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Westerham
A view across Westerham Green
Population4,475 (2011)
OS grid referenceTQ445545
Civil parish
  • Westerham
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townWESTERHAM
Postcode districtTN16
Dialling code01959
PoliceKent
FireKent
AmbulanceSouth East Coast
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Kent
See also: Feldkirchen-Westerham

Westerham is a town and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent. It is located on the border of Kent with Greater London and Surrey, bordering Bromley and the Tandridge District. It is located west of Sevenoaks.

It is recorded as early as the 9th century, and was mentioned in the Domesday Book in a Norman form, Oistreham (compare Ouistreham in Normandy, Oistreham in 1086).Hām is Old English for a village or homestead, and so Westerham means a westerly homestead. The River Darent flows through the town, and formerly powered three watermills.

(The spelling Oistreham is probably the result of a confusion with Ouistreham in Normandy facing England. The etymology of the name Oistreham > Ouistreham is probably a confusion between "west" and "east". Old Saxon *Westarham or Old English *Westreham should have given *Westreham > *Vestreham or *Estreham in medieval Norman, see Étréham. Oistreham (Normandy) is much better explained by Old Saxon ōstar = "east", with similar phonetic evolution as Latin ostrea = "oyster", Old French oistre > English "oyster". We cannot exclude an artificial influence of this word that would have corrupted the initial Westre- to Oistre-, but it is impossible to prove. That is the reason why the Old Saxon ōstar is a better solution for Ouistreham.)

History

View of Westerham, Kent ca. 1831, from W. H. Ireland's History of Kent.

There is evidence that the area around Westerham has been settled for thousands of years: finds such as a Celtic fortification (c 2000 BC) and a Roman road are close by, along with the remains of a Roman encampment just past the ruins a of tower south of the town at the summit of Tower Woods.

The tower dates back to the 18th century, and was originally constructed by an ancestor of the Warde family, the present owners of Squerryes Court as a folly for their children's amusement. A romantic, if erroneous, theory is that the folly is in fact a medieval watchtower, a tale which has been further embellished by a few fanciful locals who insist that it may have been the holding place for Anne Boleyn on her journey from Hever Castle to London for her trial and execution. (Anne Boleyn's family originally hailed from Chiddingstone and then, later, owned and lived at Hever Castle. King Henry VIII is reported to have, on Anne Boleyn's execution, confiscated Hever Castle and kept it as his own). No evidence for this theory exists, and indeed it conflicts with the knowledge and belief of the Warde family themselves.

The manor was originally run by Godwin, Earl of Wessex and later by his son Harold Godwinson the last Saxon King of England. The first Norman lord of Westerham was Eustace II of Boulogne, and the town appears in the Domesday Book as Oistreham. By 1227 Henry III granted Westerham a market charter, making the new village a major player in the buying and selling of cattle in Kent, a tradition that survived to 1961 when the last cattle market was held. St Mary's Church is thought to date from the 13th century, although it is much altered in Victorian times. In 1503 the Protestant martyr John Frith was born in the town.

The Warde family have lived at Squerryes Court since 1731, their home is a tourist attraction.[citation needed] Interior and exterior scenes for the 2009 BBC mini-series Emma were shot at Squerryes Court with the house appearing as Emma Woodhouse's home Hartfield, while exterior scenes were shot at Chilham, Kent.[1]

General James Wolfe was born in the town in 1727 at what is now known as the Old Vicarage due to a terrible storm on the night he was born. He lived in Quebec House - many streets and buildings are named after him and St Mary's contains not only the font in which he was baptised but also a memorial window to him by Edward Burne-Jones. The town square contains statues to both Wolfe and Churchill.

Alice Liddell, cited as the inspiration for Lewis Carroll's children's book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland lived in the Vicarage for a brief period. Alice rented 'The Breaches' just before she died and then when she became very ill she went to stay with her sister Rhoda at Hoseyrigge in Westerham' She was born at Westminster and when she died aged 82 a memorial service was held for at St Mary's Church. She was not buried in Westerham. Record producer Brian Higgins, whose Xenomania production team produced hit singles and albums for artists such as Girls Aloud, Kylie Minogue, Sugababes, Pet Shop Boys, Texas and Franz Ferdinand, now occupy what used to be known as the Old Vicarage.

BBC Children's TV founders Freda Lingstrom and Maria Bird lived together in Westerham and named their production company Westerham Arts which was commissioned by the BBC to create The Woodentops, Andy Pandy, Muffin the Mule and Bill and Ben the Flower Pot Men.[2]

During a January 1967 visit to Knole Park in Sevenoaks to shoot a promotional film for Strawberry Fields Forever and Penny Lane, John Lennon stopped at a Westerham antiques shop and purchased a poster for Pablo Fanque's Circus Royal, which later inspired the song, "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!"[3]

As well as the parish church (a Grade II*-listed building),[4] there is a Grade II-listed chapel associated with the Congregational Federation[5][6] and a Roman Catholic church. Westerham Evangelical Congregational Church dates from 1839[5] and St John the Baptist's Catholic Parish Church opened in 1955.[7]

Economy

Westerham was home to the Black Eagle Brewery, which was taken over by Taylor Walker & Co in the 1950s, becoming part of Ind Coope in 1959 and closing in 1965. Yeast from the brewery was preserved at the National Collection of Yeast Cultures and is now used by the present day Westerham Brewery which was established in 2004 by Robert Wicks.[8] The brewery produces a range of ales,[9] including Westerham British Bulldog.[10]

Westerham was home to Crayford Engineering, a successful car conversion company, from 1962 to the 1980s, working from a workshop at Squerryes Mede.

Chartwell

Main article: Chartwell
Chartwell House Facade, Westerham

In 1922 Winston Churchill MP purchased Chartwell Manor on the outskirts of Westerham, which, apart from the time he spent at 10 Downing Street, was his home for the rest of his life. Chartwell is now administered by the National Trust.

There is a statue of Sir Winston Churchill on the village green at Westerham. It was sculpted by Oscar Nemon and stands on a base of Yugoslavian stone, the gift of Marshal Josip Broz Tito.

Chartwell is accessible from the B2026 from either Westerham to the north or from Edenbridge to the south. From the M25-junction 6, then east along the A25 via Oxted and the B269, or M25-junction 5/M26/A21, then west along the A25 near Sevenoaks and south down the B2026.

Transport

Westerham is served by the Transport for London bus service 246 with services to Bromley via Hayes and Biggin Hill, as well as the go route 401 to Sevenoaks and Southdown 594 and 595 to Tatsfield, Limpsfield and Oxted. The nearest rail link to Westerham is at Oxted station.

Westerham is on the A25 road running along the Vale of Holmesdale, slightly south of the M25 motorway. The A233 road goes north to Biggin Hill and Bromley.

Local sports clubs

Westerham is home to a football team, Westerham football club. It was founded in 1888 and has been deeply rooted in football in Kent and Sevenoaks ever since. Located at King George V Playing Fields, they play on Saturday afternoons from September til May.

  • Westerham village green.
    Westerham village green.
  • Another view of Westerham village green, showing the statue of General Wolfe.
    Another view of Westerham village green, showing the statue of General Wolfe.
  • St Mary's Church.
    St Mary's Church.
  • The Churchill statue.
    The Churchill statue.
  • Westerham Mill c. 1912.
    Westerham Mill c. 1912.

See also

References

  1. ^ Adam Williams (2 October 2009). "A classic setting". Kent Messenger (What's on section, p3).
  2. ^ "Bear Alley web-site". Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  3. ^ Turner, Steve, "A Hard Days Write" (1994). HarperCollins.
  4. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1244024)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
  5. ^ a b Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1243951)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
  6. ^ "History". Westerham Congregational Church. 2012. Archived from the original on 13 November 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ Bell, Christopher (2012). "A Short History by Christopher Bell". St John the Baptist, Westerham. Archived from the original on 13 November 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ "Westerham Brewery - Home Page". www.westerhambrewery.co.uk. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
  9. ^ "Westerham". ratebeer.com. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
  10. ^ "Westerham British Bulldog BB from Westerham - Ratebeer". ratebeer.com. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
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