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Yingjiang County

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Yingjiang County
County
Chinese transcription(s)
 • Simplified盈江县
 • Traditional盈江縣
 • PinyinYíngjiāng Xiàn
CountryChina
ProvinceYunnan
PrefectureDehong
Area
 • Total4,429 km2 (1,710 sq mi)
Population
 (2003[1])
 • Total270,000
 • Density61/km2 (160/sq mi)
Postal code
679300
Area code0692
Websitehttp://www.yjzs.gov.cn/

Yingjiang County (simplified Chinese: 盈江县; traditional Chinese: 盈江縣; pinyin: Yíngjiāng Xiàn) is a county in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, southwestern China.

Geography

Yingjiang county has a border of 214.6 km with Kachin State, Myanmar in the west. Danzha River (胆扎河) (Dănzhá Hé) and Binglangjiang River (槟榔江) (Bīnglángjiāng) meet each other near Jiucheng (舊城) (Jiùchéng) and change the name to Dayingjiang (大盈江) (Dàyíngjiāng). Then the Dayingjiang River runs through Yingjiang county into Myanmar and then becomes a tributary of the Irrawaddy River, with the confluence near Bhamo, Myanmar. Dayingjiang is also spelled as Ta Ying Chiang. The western part of Dayingjiang River is also known as the Taping River (太平江) (Tàipíngjiāng) in some modern western documents.[2] [1] [3] [4]

Yingjiang county is mountainous with several alluvial plains. The county has various climate types, with ranges from the tropical, the subtropical, to the temperate zones. Intact forests can be seen in the mountains above 2000m. The elevations vary between 210m and 3404.6m.[1]

Yingjiang is abundant in hydroelectric, forest, and geothermal resources. There are 21 hot springs, 6 of which are above 90°C. Most of the hot springs are distributed within the Dayingjiang river system.[5]

The county is within a very active seismic zone, and have been struck in 2008, 2009 and 2011 by violent earthquakes.

History

Yingjiang county became part of Chinese territory for the first time in the Western Han dynasty. It was under control of Yizhou Prefecture (益州郡) (Yìzhōu jùn) in the Western Han dynasty. During the Eastern Han, the Shu Han, the Western Jin, and the Eastern Jin, it was governed by Ailao county (哀牢縣) (Āiláo xiàn), Yongchang Prefecture (永昌郡) (Yŏngchāng jùn), and then by Xicheng county (西城縣) (Xīchéng xiàn) from the Southern Qi dynasty in 479.[1]

Actually, from 320s on, the Cuan (爨) (Cuàn) family began to control Yunnan. China was very unstable during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the central governments had no force to control Yunnan. The Cuan family took the strategy by which they recognized the nominal sovereignty of the central governments while remaining themselves as the real local rulers. In this way, the Cuan family had controlled Yunnan for more than 400 years until it was conquered by Nanzhao in 769.[6] [7]

Yingjiang was ruled by Nanzhao and later by Dali from the 8th to the 13th century and hence was not governed by China during the Tang dynasty and the Song dynasty[8]. It was conquered by the Mongols and again became part of the Chinese territory. During the Ming dynasty and the Qing dynasty, Yingjiang was governed by local chiefs under the "Tusi system" (土司制度) (Tŭsī Zhìdù), i.e. the Native Chieftain system, in which the central government had the nominal sovereignty. [1]

Sights

  • Yunyan Pagoda (允燕塔)(Yŭnyàn Tă).
A great flood occurred in Yingjiang in 1946. For Buddha's blessing, a pagoda was proposed. The construction of Yuyan Pagoda began in 1947 and was completed in 1952. The Yuyan Pagoda was built on Ertaipo (二台坡)(Èrtáipō), Yuyan Mountain (允燕山)(Yŭnyàn Shān), 2 km east of the Pingyuan Township (平原鎮)(Píngyuán Zhèn), where the county seat resides.[9]
  • Hutiaoshi (虎跳石)(Hŭtiàoshí)
Once several hundred meter wide, the Dayingjiang River is narrowed to only 7 to 8 meters wide when passing through Hutiaoshi. With the waterfall and the steep cliffs, Hutiaoshi is a famous attraction.[10]
  • Tongbiguan Natural Protection Area (銅壁關自然保護區)(Tóngbìguān Zìrán Bǎohùqū)
The Tongbiguan Natural Protection Area was established in 1986. With an area of 341.6 km2, it covers part of Yingjiang and Longchuan counties as well as Ruili city. The vegetation in the area displays an obvious vertical distribution. The Tongbiguan Natural Protection Area offers a shelter to many rare or endangered species.[11]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e 盈江-索有百科
  2. ^ 大盈江 - 天文地理 - 互动百科
  3. ^ http://www.fao.org/legal/legstud/ls55-ef.pdf
  4. ^ 雲南旅遊-昆明康輝旅行社
  5. ^ >[1]
  6. ^ ´MÅw¦Êªá¤s ³X¥jÆy©³¤U
  7. ^ ©ø©ú
  8. ^ http://www.meet-greatwall.org/gwmz/wen/mzs/mzs86.htm
  9. ^ http://big5.fjnet.com/whys/whysnr/200806/t20080617_73722.htm
  10. ^ http://www.yn678.com/big5/zt_show.php?ztid=173&ztkind=7
  11. ^ http://www.chinabaike.com/article/316/tour/2007/20071106623480.html
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