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Zaire ebolavirus (species)

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For the member virus responsible for several disease outbreaks, see Ebola virus.

Species Zaire ebolavirus
Virus classification
Group:
Group V ((−)ssRNA)
Order:
Mononegavirales
Family:
Filoviridae
Genus:
Ebolavirus
Species:
Zaire ebolavirus
Member virus (Abbreviation)

Ebola virus (EBOV)

The species Zaire ebolavirus is a virological taxon included in the genus Ebolavirus, family Filoviridae, order Mononegavirales. The species has a single virus member, Ebola virus (EBOV), and it is the type species for the genus Ebolavirus.[1] The members of the species are called Zaire ebolaviruses.[1]

Nomenclature

See also: Ebola virus § History and nomenclature

The name Zaire ebolavirus is derived from Zaire and the taxonomic suffix ebolavirus (which denotes an ebolavirus species and refers to the Ebola River).[1]

According to the rules for taxon naming established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the name Zaire ebolavirus is always to be capitalized, italicized, and to be preceded by the word "species". The names of its members (Zaire ebolaviruses) are to be capitalized, are not italicized, and used without articles.[1]

The species was introduced in 1998 as Zaire Ebola virus.[2][3] In 2002, the name was changed to Zaire ebolavirus.[4][5]

Species inclusion criteria

See also: Ebola virus § Virus inclusion criteria

A virus of the genus Ebolavirus is a member of the species Zaire ebolavirus if:[1]

Evolutionary history

Zaire ebolavirus diverged from its ancestors between 1960-1976.[6] The genetic diversity of Ebolavirus remained constant before 1900.[6][7] Then, around the 1960s, most likely due to climate change or human activities, the genetic diversity of the virus dropped rapidly and most lineages became extinct.[7] As the number of susceptible hosts declines, so does the effective population size and its genetic diversity. This genetic bottleneck effect has implications for the species' ability to cause Ebola virus disease in human hosts.

Zaire ebolavirus -Makona variant caused the 2014 West Africa outbreak.[8] The outbreak was characterized by the longest instance of human-to-human transmission of the viral species.[8] Pressures to adapt to the human host were seen at this time, however, there were no phenotypic changes in the virus (such as increased transmission, increased immune evasion by the virus) were seen.[9]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Kuhn, Jens H.; Becker, Stephan; Ebihara, Hideki; Geisbert, Thomas W.; Johnson, Karl M.; Kawaoka, Yoshihiro; Lipkin, W. Ian; Negredo, Ana I; et al. (2010). "Proposal for a revised taxonomy of the family Filoviridae: Classification, names of taxa and viruses, and virus abbreviations". Archives of Virology. 155 (12): 2083–103. doi:10.1007/s00705-010-0814-x. PMC 3074192. PMID 21046175.
  2. ^ Netesov, S. V.; Feldmann, H.; Jahrling, P. B.; Klenk, H. D.; Sanchez, A. (2000). "Family Filoviridae". In van Regenmortel, M. H. V.; Fauquet, C. M.; Bishop, D. H. L.; Carstens, E. B.; Estes, M. K.; Lemon, S. M.; Maniloff, J.; Mayo, M. A.; McGeoch, D. J.; Wickner, R. B. (eds.). Virus Taxonomy—Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. San Diego, USA: Academic Press. pp. 539–48. ISBN 0-12-370200-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  3. ^ Pringle, C. R. (1998). "Virus taxonomy-San Diego 1998". Archives of Virology. 143 (7): 1449–59. doi:10.1007/s007050050389. PMID 9742051.
  4. ^ Feldmann, H.; Geisbert, T. W.; Jahrling, P. B.; Klenk, H.-D.; Netesov, S. V.; Peters, C. J.; Sanchez, A.; Swanepoel, R.; Volchkov, V. E. (2005). "Family Filoviridae". In Fauquet, C. M.; Mayo, M. A.; Maniloff, J.; Desselberger, U.; Ball, L. A. (eds.). Virus Taxonomy—Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. San Diego, USA: Elsevier/Academic Press. pp. 645–653. ISBN 0-12-249951-4. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  5. ^ Mayo, M. A. (2002). "ICTV at the Paris ICV: results of the plenary session and the binomial ballot". Archives of Virology. 147 (11): 2254–60. doi:10.1007/s007050200052.
  6. ^ a b Carroll, S.A. (2012). "Molecular Evolution of Viruses of the Family Filoviridae Based on 97 Whole-Genome Sequences". Journal of Virology. 87: 2608–2616.
  7. ^ a b Li, Y.H. (2013). "Evolutionary history of Ebola virus". Epidemiology of Infection. 142: 1138–1145.
  8. ^ a b "Outbreaks Chronology: Ebola Virus Disease | Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2 August 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  9. ^ Olabode, S.A. (2015). "Ebola virus is evolving but not changing: no evidence for functional change in EBOV from 1976 to the 2014". bioRxiv 014480. {{cite bioRxiv}}: Check |biorxiv= value (help)

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