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Šarplaninac

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Šarplaninac
Other names
  • Ilirski Ovčar
  • Illyrian Shepherd Dog
  • Jugoslovenski Ovčarski Pas – Šarplaninac
  • Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog – Sharplanina
  • Jugoslovenski Ovčarski Pas
  • Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog
  • Sarplaninac
  • Sharplanina
Origin
DistributionŠar Mountains
Traits
Height Males
62 cm (24 in)
Females
58 cm (23 in)
Weight Males
35–45 kg (75–100 lb)
Females
30–40 kg (65–90 lb)
Coat double; guard hair long, flat and coarse, undercoat thick and fine[2]
Colour any solid colour, without white markings; iron grey or dark grey preferred[2]
Kennel club standards
Kinološki Savez Republike Srbije standard
Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard
Dog (domestic dog)

The Šarplaninac[a] or Sharr dog[b][3] is a breed of dog of livestock guardian type.[4] It is named for the Šar Mountains or Šar Planina range in the Balkans, where it is principally found. It was recognised by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale as the Illyrian Shepherd Dog or Ilirski Ovčar[c] from 1939 until 1957, when the name was changed to Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog – Sharplanina or Jugoslovenski Ovčarski Pas – Šarplaninac.[d]

In Ottoman times, the dogs moved with the flocks of sheep, spending the summer in the area of the Šar Mountains and the winter in Thessaly, where they were known as Greek Shepherd Dogs.[1]: 124 

History

Šarplaninac service dogs of the Royal Yugoslav Army
Training of Šarplaninac in Yugoslav People's Army

The origins of the Šarplaninac are not known.[2] It was traditionally used to guard cattle[2] or sheep.[1]: 124  In the transhumant system of management, livestock was moved twice a year, to the high mountain pastures for the summer, and to the warmer plains for the winter. In the southern Balkans, very large numbers of sheep were moved in this way, accompanied by men and dogs.[5]: 35  In Ottoman times, dogs of this type moved with the flocks of sheep, spending the summer in the area of the Šar Mountains and the winter in Thessaly – where they were known as 'Greek Shepherd Dogs'.[1]: 124 

In 1939 it was recognised by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale as a Yugoslav breed with the name 'Ilirski Ovčar' or 'Illyrian Shepherd Dog';[2] In 1957, following a request from the Yugoslav Federation of Cynology (Jugoslovenski Kinološki Savez), the Fédération Cynologique Internationale agreed to change the official international names of the breed to 'Jugoslovenski Ovcarski Pas – Sarplaninac' and 'Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog – Sharplanina'.[4][2] In 1968 the Kraški Ovčar or Karst Shepherd Dog, which had previously been considered a sub-type, was recognised as a separate breed.[6]

Breed numbers were much reduced by the conflicts associated with the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s.[7]: 299  Following these events, the Fédération Cynologique Internationale recognised North Macedonia and Serbia as the countries of origin.[2]

The Šarplaninac is found mainly in the Šar Mountains, where it is thought to have originated and from which the name 'Šarplaninac' derives.[1]: 124 [8]: 25  It is also distributed in the areas of the Jablanica, Korab and Pelister mountains.[9]: 358 

Characteristics

The Šarplaninac is a large and strongly built dog. The body is slightly longer than the height at the withers, and the front legs account for approximately 55% of the height. The head is large but proportional to the body, with dark eyes.

It is a robust, well-proportioned dog with plenty of bone, of a size that is well above the average and with a thick, long, rather coarse coat that emphasises the short-coupled appearance.[citation needed] Dogs weigh some 35–45 kg, bitches about 5 kg less.[2] The average height at the withers is 62 cm for dogs and 58 cm for bitches.[2]

It is always solid in colour: fawn, iron grey, white or almost black; usually sable or grey with darker "overalls" on the head and back, the undercoat being paler. The colour need not be completely uniform, and most Šarplaninac have several different shades of the same colour fading into one another.

The dogs may be expected to live for some 11–13 years.[10]: 43 

Guarding sheep near Lake Peak in Kosovo

Legislation

The Šarplaninac is on the list of banned dog breeds in Denmark.[11] The Danish list includes 13 breeds and it is considered controversial, having received criticism from dog owners and several political parties because eight of the 13 breeds have no reports of any incident. Among the eight is Šarplaninac.[12]

It is viewed on the one Macedonian denar coin.[13]

Notes

  1. ^ Serbian: шарпланинац, romanized: šarplaninac; Macedonian: шарпланинец, romanized: šarplaninec; colloquially also Šarac, Serbian: шарац, romanized: šarac; Macedonian: шарец, romanized: šarec
  2. ^ Albanian: qeni i Sharrit
  3. ^ Serbian: илирски овчар, romanized: ilirski ovčar; Macedonian: илирски овчар, romanized: ilirski ovčar; Albanian: deltari Ilir
  4. ^ The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia broke up in 1991–1992

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sarplaninac.
  1. ^ a b c d e Raymond Coppinger, Lorna Coppinger (2002). Dogs: A New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior and Evolution Archived 18 November 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226115634.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i FCI-Standard N° 41: Jugoslovenski Ovcarski Pas – Sarplaninac (Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog – Sharplanina) Archived 23 January 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed June 2023.
  3. ^ Shukriu, Edi (2008). "Prehistory and Antique History of Kosova" (PDF). Thesis Kosova. 1: 11–12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  4. ^ a b FCI breeds nomenclature: Jugoslovenski Ovcarski Pas – Sarplaninac (41) Archived 2 January 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed January 2023.
  5. ^ Petko Hristov (2015). The Balkan Gurbet: Traditional Patterns and New Trends Archived 18 November 2023 at the Wayback Machine. In: Hans Vermeulen, Martin Baldwin-Edwards, Riki van Boeschoten (editors). Migration in the Southern Balkans: From Ottoman Territory to Globalized Nation States. IMISCOE Research Series. Cham: Springer. ISBN 9783319137193. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13719-3.
  6. ^ FCI-Standard N° 278: Karst Shepherd Dog (Kraski Ovčar) Archived 25 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed January 2023.
  7. ^ David Alderton (2010 [2008]). Encyclopedia of Dogs. Bath: Parragon. ISBN 9781445408538.
  8. ^ Yann Arthus-Bertrand; André Pittion-Rossillon (2000). Dogs Archived 18 November 2023 at the Wayback Machine. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. ISBN 9780760722183.
  9. ^ Vladimir Dimitrijević, Slobodan J. Jovanović, Mila Savić, Ružica Trailović (2005). Genetic polymorphism of blood proteins in Yugoslav shepherd dog Archived 23 January 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Acta Veterinaria (Beograd). 55 (5-6): 357-365.
  10. ^ Kim Dennis-Bryan (2020 [2012]). The Complete Dog Breed Book, second edition. London: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 9780241412732.
  11. ^ "Danish Legislation on Dogs". Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark. 13 March 2019. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  12. ^ Government won't change criticised list of illegal dog breeds at cphpost.dk, 21 October 2013, Retrieved 14 September 2019 Archived 23 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ "Sharplaninec - The Macedonian Shepherd Dog". Discovering Macedonia. 14 April 2018. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
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