Haplogroup K2b (Y-DNA): Difference between revisions
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! [[Lebanon]]<ref> |
! [[Lebanon]]<ref>{{cite journal | pmc = 2427286| title= Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events | pmid=18374297 | doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.020 | volume=82 | issue=4 | date=April 2008 | pages=873–82 | journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics}}</ref> |
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****<ref>http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v505/n7481/full/nature12736.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20140102</ref><ref>http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v506/n7487/full/nature13025.html</ref><ref>http://www.fsigenetics.com/article/S1872-4973(14)00116-1/abstract</ref><ref>http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2148-9-181.pdf</ref> Ancient dna. |
****<ref>http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v505/n7481/full/nature12736.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20140102</ref><ref>http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v506/n7487/full/nature13025.html</ref><ref>http://www.fsigenetics.com/article/S1872-4973(14)00116-1/abstract</ref><ref>http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2148-9-181.pdf</ref> Ancient dna. |
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*****<ref>http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0041252</ref><ref>http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/journals/journal/ca.html</ref> |
*****<ref>http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0041252</ref><ref>http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/journals/journal/ca.html</ref> |
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<ref> |
<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0034288 }}</ref> |
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<ref> |
<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0056775 }}</ref> |
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<ref>{{cite journal | pmc=1287948 | pmid=11078479 | doi=10.1086/316890 | volume=67 | issue=6 | title=Y-chromosomal diversity in Europe is clinal and influenced primarily by geography, rather than by language | date=December 2000 | pages=1526–43 | journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics}}</ref> |
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<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1287948/</ref> |
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<ref>Genetic Structure in Contemporary South Tyrolean Isolated Populations Revealed by Analysis of Y-Chromosome, mtDNA, and Alu Polymorphisms</ref> |
<ref>Genetic Structure in Contemporary South Tyrolean Isolated Populations Revealed by Analysis of Y-Chromosome, mtDNA, and Alu Polymorphisms</ref> |
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<ref>Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in a population sample from continental Greece, and the islands of Crete and Chios</ref> |
<ref>Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in a population sample from continental Greece, and the islands of Crete and Chios</ref> |
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<ref>http://www.krepublishers.com/06-Special%20Volume-Journal/T-Anth-00-Special%20Volumes/T-Anth-SI-03-Anth-Today-Web/Anth-SI-03-31-Trivedi-R/Anth-SI-03-31-Trivedi-R-Tt.pdf</ref> |
<ref>http://www.krepublishers.com/06-Special%20Volume-Journal/T-Anth-00-Special%20Volumes/T-Anth-SI-03-Anth-Today-Web/Anth-SI-03-31-Trivedi-R/Anth-SI-03-31-Trivedi-R-Tt.pdf</ref> |
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<ref>http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/11443</ref> |
<ref>http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/11443</ref> |
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<ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513103016352</ref><ref> |
<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513103016352 | doi=10.1016/S0531-5131(03)01635-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 20051990 | doi=10.1038/ejhg.2009.231 | volume=18 | issue=7 | title=Human Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88: a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans-Saharan connections and the spread of Chadic languages | pmc=2987365 | date=July 2010 | pages=800–7 | journal=European Journal of Human Genetics}}</ref><ref>yhrd.org</ref><ref>http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/1/717.long</ref> Modern Populations+Ancient Basques |
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*<ref name="phylotree.org"/><ref>http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2013/12/13/000802</ref> y-dna haplogroup X. |
*<ref name="phylotree.org"/><ref>http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2013/12/13/000802</ref> y-dna haplogroup X. |
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Revision as of 13:52, 11 March 2015
Haplogroup K2b-P331 | |
---|---|
Possible time of origin | About 3,000 years younger than K-M9 40,000-50,000 years old |
Possible place of origin | Probably Southeast Asia, possibly South Asia if an extinction event took place. |
Ancestor | K2 (also known as KxLT) |
Descendants | P-P295, and MS-P397 |
Defining mutations | P331, CTS2019/M1205, PF5990/L405, PF5969,[1][2] |
Haplogroup K2b-P331 (also known as MPS [1] or MP) is a human y-chromosome haplogroup that is thought to be less than 3,000 years younger than K, and less than 10,000 years younger than F, meaning it probably is around 50,000 years old, according to the age estimates of Karafat et al. 2014. All presently discovered K2b is either K2b1-p397 or K2b2-p295. K2b2-p295 is also known as P, but is only estimated to be 2,000 years younger than K2-P331, while according to Karafat its subclade QR-m27 is 14,300 years younger than K2b.
Distribution
K2b1 (MS)
K2b1 is found In 83% of males of Papua New Guinea, and is the sole native K -y dna of Australia, and is Associated with the Melanesians, Micronesians, and Aeta, but rare in Polynesia where it is generally found only at 5-10%.[3] K2b1 was found in the hair of an Australian Aborigine who died around 1900.
Population | K2b1/MS % (old K* in Oceania is assumed to be K2b1) |
---|---|
Papua New Guinea | 82.76% |
New Zealand | 03.82% (1.95% ) 51% of Maori have native y-dna |
Fiji | 60.75% |
Solomon Islands | 71.9% |
French Polynesia | 08% |
Vanuatu | 76.5% |
New Caledonia | ? |
Guam | 33.3% (small sample size) |
Samoa | 08.04% |
Kiribati | 0% (small sample size) |
Tonga | 20.69% |
Micronesia FDR | 66.67% |
Marshall Islands | 63.64% |
American Samoa | ? |
Northern Mariana Islands | ? |
Palau | 61.5% small sample size |
Cook Islands | 03.9% |
Wallis and Futuna | 26% |
Tuvalu | 36% |
Nauru | 28.6% (small sample size) |
Norfolk Island | ? |
Niue | 0% (small sample size) |
Tokelau | 50% (small sample size) |
Hawaii | 20% (small sample size from FTDNA) |
Australia | 45.29% (13.94%) around 30% of Australian Aborigines have native y-dna. |
Timor | 25% |
Aeta | 60% |
Filipino Austronesian | 04.0% |
Malay | 06.4% |
Flores | 35% |
Sulawesi | 11.3% |
East Indonesia | 25.9% |
Java Indonesia | 0% |
Bali Indonesia | 0.9% |
Sumatra Indonesia | 0% |
Borneo Indonesia | 05.8% |
West Papua Province | 52.6% |
Papua Province | 82.6% |
Sumba Indonesia | 25.2% |
Chukkese people Micronesia | 76.5% |
Pohnpeian people Micronesia | 70% (small sample size) |
P(K2b2)
P0
K2b2 (P) has two subclades the one discussed here is P0 and it is found in the Aeta at 28% but also found in some eastern Indonesian islands where it peaks in Timor at 10.8%, and may have been found as a singleton in PNG under Kaysar et al.2006 although this has not been verified.[3]
Population | P0 % |
---|---|
Papua New Guinea | 0.69 (assumed from Kayser et al. 2006 1 P* found) |
New Zealand | 0 |
Fiji | 0 |
Solomon Islands | 0 |
French Polynesia | 0 |
Vanuatu | 0 |
New Caledonia | ? |
Guam | 0 |
Samoa | 0 |
Kiribati | ? |
Tonga | 0 |
Micronesia FDR | 0 |
Marshall Islands | 0 |
American Samoa | ? |
Northern Mariana Islands | ? |
Palau | ? |
Cook Islands | 0 |
Wallis and Futuna | 0 |
Tuvalu | 0 |
Nauru | ? |
Norfolk Island | ? |
Niue | 0 (small sample size) |
Tokelau | 0 (small sample size) |
Hawaii | 0 (small sample size from FTDNA) |
Australia | 0 |
Timor | 10.8 |
Aeta | 28 |
Filipino Austronesian | 0 |
Malay | 0 |
Flores | 0 |
Sulawesi | 0.6 |
East Indonesia | 0 |
Java Indonesia | 0 |
Bali Indonesia | 0 |
Sumatra Indonesia | 0 |
Borneo Indonesia | 0 |
West Papua Province | 0 |
Papua Province | 0 |
Sumba Indonesia | 03.2 |
QR
QR is hundreds of times more common than P0 and is also known as K2b2-P27 it includes haplogroup Q, and haplogroup R and is estimated at 14,300 younger than K2b in karafat et al., although this may be an exaggeration, in any case QR form a much younger group than P.[3]
R
The only discovered case of R that does not belong to R1 or R2 is the Mal'ta Boy.
R1a
Continental | Country | Population | Sample | R1a1 = SRY1532.2 positive, M17/M198 not tested (%) | R1a1* = SRY1532.2 positive, M17/M198 negative (%) | R1a1a = SRY1532.2 positive, M17/M198 positive (%) | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caucasus | Ossetians | North | 134 | NA | 0.00 | 0.75 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Europe | Estonia | 100 | NA | 0.00 | 35.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Europe | Romania | 335 | NA | 0.00 | 17.01 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Europe | Croatia | Krk (island) | 74 | NA | 0.00 | 36.49 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Europe | Croatia | Brac (island) | 49 | NA | 0.00 | 24.49 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Europe | Croatia | Hvar (island) | 91 | NA | 0.00 | 6.59 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Europe | Croatia | Korcula (island) | 134 | NA | 0.00 | 15.67 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Europe | Croatia | mainland | 108 | NA | 0.00 | 26.85 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Europe | Bosnia-Herzegovina | Herzegovina | 141 | NA | 0.00 | 12.06 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Europe | Kosovo | Albanians | 114 | NA | 0.00 | 3.51 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Europe | Serbia | 113 | NA | 0.00 | 18.58 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Europe | Republic of Macedonia | Macedonia | 79 | NA | 0.00 | 13.92 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Europe | Czech Republic | 53 | NA | 0.00 | 37.74 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Europe | Belarus | Brest | 97 | NA | 0.00 | 58.8 | Underhill et al. (2014) |
Europe | Belarus | 267 | NA | 0.00 | 54.7 | Underhill et al. (2014) | |
Europe | Belarus | 50 | NA | 0.00 | 42.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Europe | Russia | Russians | 39 | NA | 0.00 | 38.46 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Central Asia | Tajiks, Turkmens | 38 | NA | 0.00 | 7.89 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
North Asia | Russia | Tuvas | 104 | NA | 0.00 | 7.69 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
North Asia | Russia | Altaians | 58 | NA | 0.00 | 41.38 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Jammu Jharkhand | 61 | NA | 0.00 | 37.70 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Andhra-Pradesh Jharkhand | 19 | NA | 0.00 | 26.32 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Madhya-Pradesh Madhya-Pradesh | 54 | NA | 0.00 | 35.19 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Khatri-Punjab/Haryana | 15 | NA | 0.00 | 67.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Ahir-Punjab/Haryana | 24 | NA | 0.00 | 63.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Uttar-Pradesh Jharkhand | 171 | NA | 0.00 | 49.71 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Uttranchal Jharkhand | 21 | NA | 0.00 | 47.62 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | West-Bengal Chattishgarh | 49 | NA | 0.00 | 48.98 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Asur Maharashtra | 88 | NA | 0.00 | 5.68 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Ho Madhya-Pradesh | 45 | NA | 0.00 | 0.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Mawasi Orissa | 27 | NA | 0.00 | 3.70 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Mawasi Chattishgarh | 12 | NA | 0.00 | 8.33 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Mahali Orissa | 32 | NA | 0.00 | 9.38 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Santhal Meghalaya | 20 | NA | 0.00 | 10.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Birhor Meghalaya | 27 | NA | 0.00 | 3.70 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Birhor | 35 | NA | 0.00 | 2.86 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Baiga | 23 | NA | 0.00 | 8.70 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Baiga | 42 | NA | 0.00 | 2.38 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Kharia | 37 | NA | 0.00 | 5.41 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Savara | 21 | NA | 0.00 | 9.52 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Meghwal Rajasthan | 50 | NA | 0.00 | 30.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Garo | 25 | NA | 0.00 | 4.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Lohana Gujarat | 20 | NA | 0.00 | 60.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Khasi | 21 | NA | 0.00 | 4.76 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | Iran | 87 | NA | 0.00 | 10.34 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
South Asia | Pakistan | Sindhi | 134 | NA | 0.00 | 49.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Mohanna | 70 | NA | 0.00 | 71.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Europe | Turkey | 89 | NA | 0.00 | 3.37 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Armenia | 25 | NA | 0.00 | 4.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Megrels | 67 | NA | 0.00 | 8.96 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Abkhazes | 162 | NA | 0.00 | 9.26 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Avars | 42 | NA | 0.00 | 2.38 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Chamalals | 27 | NA | 0.00 | 7.41 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Bagvalals | 28 | NA | 0.00 | 3.57 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Andis | 49 | NA | 0.00 | 2.04 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Lezgis | 31 | NA | 0.00 | 0.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Darginians | 68 | NA | 0.00 | 0.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Tabasarans | 43 | NA | 0.00 | 2.33 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Adyghes | 160 | NA | 0.00 | 11.25 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Karachays | 69 | NA | 0.00 | 27.54 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Kumyks | 76 | NA | 0.00 | 13.16 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Balkars | 136 | NA | 0.00 | 25.74 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Cherkessians | 126 | NA | 0.00 | 12.70 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Kabardians | 141 | NA | 0.71 | 13.48 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Abazas | 89 | NA | 0.00 | 19.10 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Nogays | 87 | NA | 0.00 | 12.64 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Karanogays | 77 | NA | 0.00 | 9.09 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Tats | 10 | NA | 0.00 | 0.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Europe | Crete | 193 | NA | 0.00 | 8.81 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Middle East | Oman | 121 | NA | 0.00 | 9.09 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Middle East | Iran | 150 | NA | 0.67 | 12.67 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Middle East | United Arab Emirates | 164 | NA | 0.00 | 7.32 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Europe | Turkey | 523 | NA | 0.00 | 6.88 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Europe | Lithuania | Aukštaičiai | 106 | 45.3 | NA | NA | Kasperaviciūte et al. (2005) |
Europe | Lithuania | Žemaičiai | 90 | 44.4 | NA | NA | Kasperaviciūte et al. (2005) |
Europe | Norway | North | 377 | 27.1 | NA | NA | Dupuy et al. (2005) |
Europe | Norway | Middle | 317 | 31.5 | NA | NA | Dupuy et al. (2005) |
Europe | Norway | West | 301 | 24.3 | NA | NA | Dupuy et al. (2005) |
Europe | Norway | East | 493 | 26.8 | NA | NA | Dupuy et al. (2005) |
Europe | Norway | Bergen | 93 | 28 | NA | NA | Dupuy et al. (2005) |
Europe | Norway | Oslo | 109 | 19.3 | NA | NA | Dupuy et al. (2005) |
Europe | Norway | South | 76 | 13.2 | NA | NA | Dupuy et al. (2005) |
Europe | Spain/Portugal | large survey | 1140 | NA | 0.00 | 1.2 | Adams et al. (2008) |
Europe | Greece | Greeks | 92 | NA | 0.00 | 16.3 | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Europe | Greece | Macedonian Greeks | 57 | NA | 1.80 | 10.5 | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Europe | Albania | 55 | NA | 0.00 | 9.1 | Battaglia et al. (2008) | |
Europe | Bosnia | Serbs | 81 | NA | 0.00 | 13.6 | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Europe | Bosnia | Bosniacs | 84 | NA | 0.00 | 15.5 | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Europe | Bosnia | Croats | 90 | NA | 0.00 | 12.2 | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Europe | Croatia | 89 | NA | 0.00 | 27.0 | Battaglia et al. (2008) | |
Europe | Hungary | 53 | NA | 0.00 | 56.6 | Battaglia et al. (2008) | |
Europe | Czech Republic | 75 | NA | 0.00 | 41.3 | Battaglia et al. (2008) | |
Europe | Poland | 99 | NA | 0.00 | 56.6 | Battaglia et al. (2008) | |
Europe | Ukraine | 92 | NA | 0.00 | 50.0 | Battaglia et al. (2008) | |
Europe | Georgia | 66 | NA | 0.00 | 10.6 | Battaglia et al. (2008) | |
Europe | Russia | Balkarians | 38 | NA | 0.00 | 13.2 | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Europe | Republic of Macedonia | Albanian language | 64 | NA | 0.00 | 1.6 | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Europe | Croatia | Osijek | 29 | NA | 0.00 | 37.9 | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Europe | Slovenia | Slovenians | 75 | NA | 0.00 | 38.70 | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Europe | Italy | North East | 67 | NA | 0.00 | 10.4 | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
- | - | Ashkenazi Cohen | 76 | NA | 0.00 | 1.3 | Behar et al. (2003) |
- | - | Sephardi Cohen | 69 | NA | 0.00 | 5.8 | Behar et al. (2003) |
Europe | - | Ashkenazi Levite | 60 | NA | 0.00 | 51.7 | Behar et al. (2003) |
- | - | Sephardi Levite | 31 | NA | 0.00 | 3.2 | Behar et al. (2003) |
Middle East | Israel | Ashkenazi | 100 | NA | 0.00 | 4.0 | Behar et al. (2003) |
Middle East | Israel | Sephardi | 63 | NA | 0.00 | 1.6 | Behar et al. (2003) |
Europe | Germany | 88 | NA | 0.00 | 12.5 | Behar et al. (2003) | |
Europe | Norway | 83 | NA | 0.00 | 21.7 | Behar et al. (2003) | |
Europe | Germany | Sorbs | 112 | NA | 0.00 | 63.4 | Behar et al. (2003) |
Europe | Belorussia | 306 | NA | 0.33 | 51.0 | Behar et al. (2003) | |
Europe | Spain | Spanish Basques | 42 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | British Crown | Channel Islands | 128 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | Chippenham | 52 | NA | NA | 6.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | Cornwall | 52 | NA | NA | 6.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | Dorchester | 73 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | Faversham | 55 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | Midhurst | 80 | NA | NA | 1.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | Morpeth | 95 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | Norfolk | 121 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | Penrith | 90 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | Southwell | 70 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | Uttoxeter | 84 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | York | 46 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Denmark/Germany | Denmark/Schleswig-Holstein | 190 | NA | NA | 8.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Ireland | Castlerea | 43 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | British Crown | Isle of Man | 62 | NA | NA | 8.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Norway | 201 | NA | NA | 12.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) | |
Europe | Scotland | Orkney | 121 | NA | NA | 7.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Ireland | Rush, Dublin | 76 | NA | NA | 1.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Scotland | Durness | 51 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Scotland | Oban | 42 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Scotland | Pitlochry | 41 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Scotland | Stonehaven | 44 | NA | NA | 5.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Scotland | Western Isles | 88 | NA | NA | 3.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Scotland | Shetland | 63 | NA | NA | 6.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Wales | Haverfordwest | 59 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Wales | Llangefni | 80 | NA | NA | 1.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Wales | Llanidloes | 57 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Turkey | 523 | NA | NA | 6.9 | Cinnioğlu et al. (2004) | |
Europe | Italy | Sicily | 236 | NA | NA | 5.5 | Di Gaetano et al. (2008) |
Europe | Greece | 77 | NA | NA | 15.6 | Firasat et al. (2007) | |
South Asia | Pakistan | Burusho | 97 | NA | NA | 25.8 | Firasat et al. (2007) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Kalash | 44 | NA | NA | 18.2 | Firasat et al. (2007) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Pathan (Pashtun) | 96 | NA | NA | 44.8 | Firasat et al. (2007) |
South Asia | Pakistan | 638 | NA | NA | 37.1 | Firasat et al. (2007) | |
South Asia | Nepal | Tharu Chitwan C. Terai 1 | 57 | NA | 0.00 | 10.5 | Fornarino et al. (2009) |
South Asia | Nepal | Tharu Chitwan C. Terai 2 | 77 | NA | 0.00 | 3.9 | Fornarino et al. (2009) |
South Asia | Nepal | Tharu Chitwan E. Terai | 37 | NA | 0.00 | 16.2 | Fornarino et al. (2009) |
South Asia | Nepal/India | Hindus (proxy for Indian ancestry) Chitwan, Nepal | 26 | NA | 0.00 | 69.2 | Fornarino et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Hindus New Delhi | 49 | NA | 0.00 | 34.7 | Fornarino et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Andhara Pradesh tribal | 29 | NA | 0.00 | 27.6 | Fornarino et al. (2009) |
Europe | Poland | 913 | NA | NA | 57.0 | Kayser et al. (2005) | |
Europe | Germany | 1215 | NA | NA | 17.9 | Kayser et al. (2005) | |
Europe | Germany | Berlin | 103 | NA | NA | 22.3 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Germany | Leipzig | 144 | NA | NA | 27.1 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Germany | Magdeburg | 100 | NA | NA | 21 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Germany | Rostock | 96 | NA | NA | 31.3 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Germany | Greifswald | 104 | NA | NA | 19.2 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Germany | Hamburg | 161 | NA | NA | 16.8 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Germany | Münster | 102 | NA | NA | 7.8 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Germany | Freiburg | 102 | NA | NA | 10.8 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Germany | Cologne | 96 | NA | NA | 15.6 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Germany | Mainz | 95 | NA | NA | 8.4 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Germany | Munich | 95 | NA | NA | 14.3 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Greece | Nea Nikomedeia | 57 | NA | 0.00 | 21.1 | King et al. (2008) |
Europe | Greece | Sesklo/Dimini | 57 | NA | 0.00 | 10.5 | King et al. (2008) |
Europe | Greece | Lerna/Franchthi | 57 | NA | 0.00 | 1.8 | King et al. (2008) |
Europe | Greece | Crete | 193 | NA | 0.50 | 8.3 | King et al. (2008) |
Europe | Greece | Crete, Heraklion Prefecture | 104 | NA | 0.00 | 8.7 | Martinez et al. (2007) |
Europe | Greece | Crete, Lasithi Plateau | 41 | NA | 0.00 | 29.3 | Martinez et al. (2007) |
Europe | Greece | Crete, Lasithi Prefecture | 23 | NA | 0.00 | 17.4 | Martinez et al. (2007) |
Europe | Ukraine | 94 | NA | NA | 43.6 | Kharkov et al. (2004) | |
Europe | Belorussia | 68 | NA | NA | 45.6 | Kharkov et al. (2005) | |
North Asia | Russia (Altai Republic) | Northern Altaians (Gorno-Altaisk) | 20 | NA | NA | 50.0 | Kharkov et al. (2007) |
North Asia | Russia (Altai Republic) | Northern Altaians (Kurmach-Baigol) | 11 | NA | NA | 18.2 | Kharkov et al. (2007) |
North Asia | Russia (Altai Republic) | Northern Altaians (Turochak) | 19 | NA | NA | 36.8 | Kharkov et al. (2007) |
North Asia | Russia (Altai Republic) | Southern Altaians (Beshpel'tir) | 43 | NA | NA | 58.1 | Kharkov et al. (2007) |
North Asia | Russia (Altai Republic) | Southern Altaians (Kulada) | 46 | NA | NA | 52.2 | Kharkov et al. (2007) |
North Asia | Russia (Altai Republic) | Southern Altaians (Kosh-Agach) | 7 | NA | NA | 28.6 | Kharkov et al. (2007) |
Europe | England | West Lancashire (2 gens) | 49 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Bowden et al. (2008) |
Europe | England | Wirral (2 gens) | 100 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Bowden et al. (2008) |
Europe | England | West Lancashire (medieval?) | 42 | NA | NA | 16.7 | Bowden et al. (2008) |
Europe | England | Wirral (medieval?) | 37 | NA | NA | 13.5 | Bowden et al. (2008) |
South Asia | India | South India, Chenchu | 41 | NA | NA | 26.8 | Kivisild et al. (2003) |
South Asia | India | South India, Koya | 41 | NA | NA | 2.4 | Kivisild et al. (2003) |
South Asia | India | West Bengal | 31 | NA | NA | 38.7 | Kivisild et al. (2003) |
South Asia | India | Konkanastha Brahmins, Bombay | 43 | NA | NA | 41.9 | Kivisild et al. (2003) |
South Asia | India | Gujarat | 29 | NA | NA | 24.1 | Kivisild et al. (2003) |
South Asia | India | Lambadi | 35 | NA | NA | 8.6 | Kivisild et al. (2003) |
South Asia | India | Punjab | 66 | NA | NA | 47.0 | Kivisild et al. (2003) |
South Asia | Sri Lanka | Sinhalese | 39 | NA | NA | 12.8 | Kivisild et al. (2003) |
North Asia | Russia | Tuvan | 40 | NA | NA | 7.5 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Tofalar | 19 | NA | NA | 5.3 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Buryat | 13 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Yenisey Evenk | 31 | NA | NA | 9.7 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Okhotsk Evenk | 16 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Ulchi/Nanai | 53 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Upriver Negidal | 10 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Downriver Negidal | 7 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Ugedey | 20 | NA | NA | 5.0 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Nivkh | 17 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Kamchatka, Koryak | 27 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Kamchatka, Itel\'man | 18 | NA | NA | 22.2 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Chukotka, Chukchi | 24 | NA | NA | 4.2 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Chukotka, Asiatic Eskimo | 33 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Lell et al. (2002) |
Caucasus | Russia | Abazinians | 14 | NA | NA | 14.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Russia | Chechenians | 19 | NA | NA | 5.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Russia | Darginians | 26 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Russia | Ingushians | 22 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Russia | Kabardinians | 59 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Russia | Lezgi (Dagestan) | 25 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Russia | Ossetians (Ardon) | 28 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Russia | Ossetians (Digora) | 31 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Russia | Rutulians | 24 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Georgia | Abkhazians | 12 | NA | NA | 33.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Armenia | Armenians | 100 | NA | NA | 6.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Azerbaijan | Azerbaijanians | 72 | NA | NA | 7.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Georgia | Georgians | 77 | NA | NA | 10.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Europe | Turkey | 39 | NA | NA | 13.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) | |
Middle East | Iran | Isfahan | 50 | NA | NA | 18.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Middle East | Iran | Tehran | 80 | NA | NA | 20.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Balti | 13 | NA | NA | 15.0 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Brahui | 110 | NA | NA | 8.2 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Burusho | 94 | NA | NA | 27.7 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Pakistan Hazara | 23 | NA | NA | 60.9 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Kalash | 44 | NA | NA | 9.1 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Pakistan Kashmiri | 12 | NA | NA | 25.0 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Makrani Baluch | 25 | NA | NA | 24.0 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Makrani Negroid | 33 | NA | NA | 18.2 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Pakistan Parsi | 90 | NA | NA | 26.7 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Pathan (Pashtun) | 93 | NA | NA | 10.8 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Pakistan Sindhi | 122 | NA | NA | 12.3 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
Europe | Albania | Albanian | 51 | NA | NA | 9.8 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | France | French Basque | 22 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Spain | Spanish Basque | 45 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Italy | Calabrian | 37 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Spain | Catalan | 24 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Italy | Central/Northern | 50 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Croatia | Croatian | 58 | NA | NA | 29.3 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Czech Republic/Slovakia | Czech/Slovak | 45 | NA | NA | 26.7 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Netherlands | Dutch | 27 | NA | NA | 3.7 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Georgia | Georgian | 63 | NA | NA | 7.9 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Germany | German | 16 | NA | NA | 6.2 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Greece | Greek | 76 | NA | NA | 11.8 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Hungary | Hungarian | 45 | NA | NA | 60.0 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Middle East | Lebanon | Lebanese | 31 | NA | NA | 9.7 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Republic of Macedonia | Macedonian | 20 | NA | NA | 35.0 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Poland | Polish | 55 | NA | NA | 56.4 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Saami | 24 | NA | NA | 8.3 | Semino et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Italy | Sardinian | 77 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Syria | Syrian | 20 | NA | NA | 10.0 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Turkey | Turkish | 30 | NA | NA | 6.6 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Asia | Russia | Udmurt | 43 | NA | NA | 37.2 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Ukraine | Ukrainian | 50 | NA | NA | 54.0 | Semino et al. (2000) |
South Asia | Pakistan | 85 | NA | NA | 16.5 | Sengupta et al. (2005) | |
South Asia | India | Rajput(Rajasthan) | 29 | NA | NA | 31.3 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Southern | 91 | NA | NA | 31.9 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
Southeast Asia | Cambodia | 6 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Sengupta et al. (2005) | |
East Asia | China | 128 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Sengupta et al. (2005) | |
East Asia | Japan | 23 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Sengupta et al. (2005) | |
North Asia | Siberia | 18 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Sengupta et al. (2005) | |
South Asia | India | Tribe (Austro-Asiatic) | 64 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | India | Tribe (Dravidian) | 18 | NA | NA | 2.8 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | India | Tribe (Tibeto-Burman) | 87 | NA | NA | 4.6 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | India | Tribe (Indo-European) | 21 | NA | NA | 19.1 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | India | Dravidian Upper Caste | 59 | NA | NA | 28.8 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | India | Dravidian Middle Caste | 85 | NA | NA | 11.8 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | India | Dravidian Lower Caste | 29 | NA | NA | 24.1 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | India | Indo-European Upper Caste | 86 | NA | NA | 45.4 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | India | Indo-European Middle Caste | 48 | NA | NA | 50.4 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | India | Indo-European Lower Caste | 50 | NA | NA | 26.0 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | India | Kashmiri (Gujars) | 49 | NA | 0.00 | 40.86 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Kashmiri (Pandits) | 51 | NA | 3.92 | 19.61 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Gujarat (Brahmins) | 64 | NA | 0.00 | 32.81 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Bihar (Paswan) | 27 | NA | 0.00 | 40.74 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Bihar (Brahmins) | 38 | NA | 0.00 | 60.53 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Himachal Pradesh (Brahmin) | 30 | NA | 0.00 | 47.37 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Indian Punjab (Brahmins) | 49 | NA | 0.00 | 35.71 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | West Bengal (Brahmins) | 30 | NA | 0.00 | 72.22 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Uttar Pradesh (Brahmins) | 31 | NA | 0.00 | 67.74 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Uttar Pradesh (Kols) | 38 | NA | 0.00 | 14.81 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Madhya Pradesh (Saharia) | 57 | NA | 22.8 | 28.07 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Madhya Pradesh (Brahmins) | 42 | NA | 0.00 | 38.1 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Maharashtra (Brahmins) | 32 | NA | 0.00 | 43.33 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
Europe | Moldova | Moldavians, Karahasan | 72 | NA | NA | 34.7 | Varzari (2006) |
Europe | Moldava | Moldavians Sofia, Moldava | 54 | NA | NA | 20.4 | Varzari (2006) |
Europe | Romania | Dniester-Carpathian | - | NA | NA | 20.4 | Varzari (2006) |
Europe | Ukraine | Ukrainians, Rashkovo | 53 | NA | NA | 41.5 | Varzari (2006) |
Europe | Moldava | Gagauzes, Kongaz | 48 | NA | NA | 12.5 | Varzari (2006) |
Europe | Ukraine | Gagauzes, Etulia | 41 | NA | NA | 26.8 | Varzari (2006) |
East Asia | China | Dongxiang (Mongolian descent) | 49 | NA | 0? | 28.0 | Wang et al. (2003) |
East Asia | China | Salar (Central Asian Turkish descent?) | 52 | NA | 0? | 17.0 | Wang et al. (2003) |
East Asia | China | Bo\'an (Bonan) Mongolian descent | 47 | NA | 0? | 26.0 | Wang et al. (2003) |
Caucasus | Armenia | Ararat | 44 | NA | 0.00 | 0.0 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Armenia/Georgia | \"Northern Armenians\" | 189 | NA | 0.53 | 4.2 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Armenia | Syunik (South Armenia) | 140 | NA | 0.00 | 9.3 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Azerbaijan/Armenia | Karabakh | 215 | NA | 0.00 | 5.6 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Middle East | Iran | Isfahan, New Julfa, (Armenian descent) | 56 | NA | 0.00 | 1.8 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Europe | Turkey | near Armenia | 90 | NA | 1.11 | 3.3 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Europe | Turkey | Istanbul University | 173 | NA | 0.00 | 10.4 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Azerbaijan | Baku | 29 | NA | 0.00 | 10.3 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Middle East | Syria | Damascus University | 44 | NA | 0.00 | 2.3 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Georgia | Tbilisi | 68 | NA | 0.00 | 4.4 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Europe | Greece | Athens | 132 | NA | 0.00 | 6.1 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Europe | Mongolia | soldiers mainly from Khalkh | 402 | NA | 0.00 | 2.5 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Europe | Hungary | 215 | NA | 1.40 | 24.2 | Völgyi et al. (2008) | |
Europe | Wales | North Wales | 98 | NA | NA | 1.0 | Weale et al. (2002) |
Europe | England | English Midlands | 136 | NA | NA | 4.4 | Weale et al. (2002) |
Europe | England | East Anglia | 173 | NA | NA | 4.6 | Weale et al. (2002) |
Europe | Netherlands | Friesland | 94 | NA | NA | 7.4 | Weale et al. (2002) |
Europe | Norway | 83 | NA | NA | 21.7 | Weale et al. (2002) | |
Europe | England/Scotland/Wales? | British | 25 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Europe | Scotland | Orkney | 26 | NA | NA | 27.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Europe | Russia | Pomor | 28 | NA | NA | 36.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Europe | Russia | Russian, North | 49 | NA | NA | 43.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Asia | Russia | Russian, Tashkent | 89 | NA | NA | 47.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Europe | Russia | Kazan Tatar | 38 | NA | NA | 24.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Europe | Russia | Saami | 23 | NA | NA | 22.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Asia | Russia | Nenets | 54 | NA | NA | 11.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Middle East | Lebanon | 50 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Wells et al. (2001) | |
Middle East | Iran | Tehran | 24 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Middle East | Iran | Shiraz | 12 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Middle East | Iran | Esfahan | 16 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Georgia | Svans (Svanetians) | 25 | NA | NA | 8.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Georgia | Kazbegi | 25 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Georgia | South Ossetians | 17 | NA | NA | 6.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Azerbaijan | Lezgi in Azerbaijan | 12 | NA | NA | 8.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Azerbaijan | Azerbaijanians | 21 | NA | NA | 10.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Armenia | Armenians | 47 | NA | NA | 9.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Afghanistan | Pashtuns | 49 | NA | NA | 51.02 | Haber et al. (2012) |
Central Asia | Afghanistan | Tajiks | 56 | NA | NA | 30.36 | Haber et al. (2012) |
Central Asia | Afghanistan | Hazara | 60 | NA | NA | 6.66 | Haber et al. (2012) |
Central Asia | Afghanistan | Uzbeks | 17 | NA | NA | 17.64 | Haber et al. (2012) |
Central Asia | Afghanistan | Balochs | 13 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Haber et al. (2012) |
Central Asia | Afghanistan | Nuristanis | 5 | NA | NA | 60.0 | Haber et al. (2012) |
Central Asia | Turkmenistan | Turkmen | 30 | NA | NA | 7.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Turkmenistan | Turkmenistan Kurd | 17 | NA | NA | 12.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Sinte Romani | 15 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Iranian (Samarkand) | 53 | NA | NA | 11.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Tajik (Samarkand) | 40 | NA | NA | 25.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Arab Bukhara | 42 | NA | NA | 19.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Crimean Tartar | 22 | NA | NA | 32.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Karakalpak | 44 | NA | NA | 18.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Uzbek/ Kashkadarya | 19 | NA | NA | 16.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Uzbek/ Bukhara | 58 | NA | NA | 28.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Uzbek/ Surkhandarya | 68 | NA | NA | 29.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Uzbek/ Khorezm | 70 | NA | NA | 30.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Uzbek/ Tashkent | 43 | NA | NA | 28.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Uzbek/ Fergana Valley | 63 | NA | NA | 22.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Samarkand | 45 | NA | NA | 13.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Tajikistan | Ishkashimi (near Afghanistan) | 25 | NA | NA | 68.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Tajikistan | Bartangi | 30 | NA | NA | 40.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Tajikistan | Shugnan | 44 | NA | NA | 23.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Tajikistan | Yagnobi | 31 | NA | NA | 16.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Tajikistan | Tajiks/Panjikent | 22 | NA | NA | 64.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Tajikistan | Tajiks/Dushanbe | 16 | NA | NA | 19.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyz | 52 | NA | NA | 63.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Kyrgyzstan | Dungan (Sino-Tibetan) | 40 | NA | NA | 10.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Kazakhstan | Kazakhs | 54 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Kazakhstan | Uighur | 41 | NA | NA | 22.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
South Asia | India | South India Sourashtran | 46 | NA | NA | 39.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
South Asia | India | South India Kallar Dravidian | 84 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
South Asia | India | South India Yadhava | 129 | NA | NA | 13.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
North Asia | Russia | Tuvinian | 42 | NA | NA | 14.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
North Asia | Mongolia | 24 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Wells et al. (2001) | |
East Asia | Korea | 45 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Wells et al. (2001) | |
East Asia | China | Liqian from Yongchang | 87 | NA | NA | 1.1 | Zhou et al. (2007) |
East Asia | China | Yugur from Su\'nan | 52 | NA | NA | 1.9 | Zhou et al. (2007) |
East Asia | China | Tibetan from Guide, Qinghai | 39 | NA | NA | 2.6 | Zhou et al. (2007) |
East Asia | China | Uygurs from Urumqi | 49 | NA | NA | NA | Zhou et al. (2007) |
Europe | Italy | Sardinia | 10 | 0.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | England | Cornwall | 51 | 0.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Spain | Basque | 26 | 0.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Portugal | Northern | 328 | 0.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
North Africa | Algeria | 27 | 0.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
North Africa | 129 | 0.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | ||
North Africa | Tunisia | Jerbian Arabs | 46 | NA | 4.3 | 4.3 | Ennafaa et al. (2011) |
Europe | Finland | 57 | 10.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Bulgaria | 24 | 12.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Netherlands | 84 | 13.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Germany | Bavarian | 80 | 15.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Sweden | Gotlander | 64 | 16.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Yugoslavian | 100 | 16.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Russia | Chuvash | 17 | 18.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Sweden | Northern | 48 | 19.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Romania | 45 | 20.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Iceland | 28 | 21.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Saami | 48 | 21.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Hungary | 36 | 22.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Estonia | 207 | 27.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Russia | Mari | 48 | 29.0 (Tambets disagrees) | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Ukraine | Ukraine | 27 | 30.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Germany | 30 | 30.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Norway | 52 | 31.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Lithuania | 38 | 34.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Slovenia | 70 | 37.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Czech Republic | 53 | 38.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Belarusia | 41 | 39.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Latvia | 34 | 41.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Asia | Russia | 122 | 47.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Slovakia | 70 | 47.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Poland | 112 | 54.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Ireland | 57 | 1.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Ossetia | 47 | 2.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Cyprus | 45 | 2.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Italy | 99 | 2.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Spain | 126 | 2.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Portugal | Southern | 57 | 2.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Belgium | 92 | 4.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Turkey | 167 | 5.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | France | 40 | 5.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Georgia | 64 | 6.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Armenia | 89 | 6.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Denmark | 56 | 7.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Scotland | Western | 120 | 7.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Scotland | 43 | 7.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Greece | 36 | 8.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | England | East Anglia | 172 | 9.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Iceland | 181 | 23.8 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Norway | 112 | 17.9 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Sweden | 110 | 17.3 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Denmark | 12 | 16.7 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Ireland | 222 | 0.5 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Scotland | 61 | 6.6 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Britain | 32 | 9.4 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Germany | 32 | 9.4 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Greece | 42 | 4.8 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Italy | 332 | 2.7 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Asia | Russia | 30 | 43.3 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Estonia | 74 | 36.5 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) | |
Europe | Russia | Komi-Permiak | 42 | 23.8 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Russia | Russian (Perm) | 37 | 43.2 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Russia - Mordovia | Mordovian Erzya | 46 | 39.1 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Russia - Mordovia | Mordovian Moksi | 46 | 21.7 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Estonia | Estonia Russian | 26 | 26.9 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Ukraine | Ukrainian | 6 | 50.0 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Bulgaria | Bulgarian | 808 | 17.5 | NA | NA | Template:Karachanak et al. |
Europe | Turkey | Northeast Turkish | 11 | 18.2 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Turkey | Central Anatolian | 18 | 11.1 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Turkey | Southwest Turkish | 29 | 10.3 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Turkey | Southeast Turkish | 13 | 15.4 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Cyprus | Turkish Cypriots | 22 | 13.6 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Middle East | Talysh | 20 | 10.0 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) | |
Caucasus | Azerbaijan | Azeri | 24 | 12.5 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Croatia | Mainland | 108 | 34.3 | NA | NA | Pericic et al. (2005) |
Europe | Bosnia-Herzogivina | Bosnians | 69 | 24.6 | NA | NA | Pericic et al. (2005) |
Europe | Bosnia-Herzogivina | Herzogivinians | 141 | 12.1 | NA | NA | Pericic et al. (2005) |
Europe | Serbia | Serbians | 113 | 15.9 | NA | NA | Pericic et al. (2005) |
Europe | Kosova | Albanians | 114 | 4.4 | NA | NA | Pericic et al. (2005) |
Europe | Republic of Macedonia | Macedonians | 79 | 15.2 | NA | NA | Pericic et al. (2005) |
Europe | Republic of Macedonia | Romani | 57 | 1.8 | NA | NA | Pericic et al. (2005) |
Europe | Croatia | Mainland | 109 | 33.9 | NA | NA | Barać et al. (2003) |
Europe | Croatia | Krk | 74 | 28.0 | NA | NA | Barać et al. (2003) |
Europe | Croatia | Brač | 49 | 13.0 | NA | NA | Barać et al. (2003) |
Europe | Croatia | Hvar | 91 | 8.0 | NA | NA | Barać et al. (2003) |
Europe | Croatia | Korčula | 134 | 27.0 | NA | NA | Barać et al. (2003) |
Europe | Russia | North | 380 | 34.20 | NA | NA | Balanovsky et al. (2008) |
Europe | Russia | Central | 364 | 46.50 | NA | NA | Balanovsky et al. (2008) |
Europe | Russia | South | 484 | 55.40 | NA | NA | Balanovsky et al. (2008) |
Europe | Portugal | 553 | 1.27 | NA | NA | Gonçalves et al. (2005) | |
Europe | Sweden | Swedes | 141 | 18.4 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Estonia | Estonians | 209 | 33.5 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Latvia | Latvians | 86 | 38.4 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Russia | Mari | 111 | 47.7 (Rosser disagrees) | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Russia | Mordvin | 83 | 26.5 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Russia | Komi | 94 | 33 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Russia | Udmurt | 87 | 10.3 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Russia | Chuvash | 79 | 31.6 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Russia | Volga Tatars | 126 | 34.1 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | France | French | 61 | 0 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Hungary | Hungarians | 113 | 20.4 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Russia | Russians | 61 | 42.6 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Khant | 47 | 4.3 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Nganasan | 38 | 0 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Nenets | 148 | 0 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Selkup | 131 | 19.1 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Ket | 48 | 0 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Dolgan | 67 | 16.4 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Yakut | 155 | 1.9 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Buryat | 81 | 1.2 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Evenk | 96 | 1 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Evens | 31 | 6.5 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Altaians | 98 | 46.9 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Norway | Norwegians | 72 | 23.6 | NA | NA | Passarino et al. (2002) |
Europe | Denmark | Danes | 194 | 16.5 | NA | NA | Sanchez et al. (2003) |
Europe | Turkey | Kurds Zazaki speakers | 27 | NA | NA | 25.9 | Nasidze et al. (2005) |
Europe | Turkey | Kurds Kurmanji speakers | 87 | NA | NA | 12.7 | Nasidze et al. (2005) |
Middle East | Iraq | Kurds | 95 | NA | NA | 11.6 | Brinkmann et al. (1999) |
Caucasus | Georgia | Kurds | 25 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Nasidze et al. (2005) |
Middle East | Jordan | Amman | 101 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Flores et al. (2005) |
Middle East | Jordan | Dead Sea | 45 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Flores et al. (2005) |
Middle East | Iraq | Baghdad, different ethnic groups | 139 | NA | NA | 6.5 | Al Zahery et al. (2003) |
Europe | Russia | Arkhangelsk | 28 | NA | 0.00 | 17.9 | Mirabal et al. (2009) |
North Asia | Russia | Khanty | 27 | NA | 0.00 | 14.8 | Mirabal et al. (2009) |
Europe | Russia | Izhenski Komi | 54 | NA | 0.00 | 29.6 | Mirabal et al. (2009) |
Europe | Russia | Priluzki Komi | 49 | NA | 0.00 | 32.7 | Mirabal et al. (2009) |
Europe | Russia | Kursk region Russian | 40 | NA | 0.00 | 52.5 | Mirabal et al. (2009) |
Europe | Russia | Tver region Russian | 38 | NA | 0.00 | 57.9 | Mirabal et al. (2009) |
R1b
Continent | Population | #No. | Total% | R-P25* | R-V88 | R-M269 | R-M73 |
Africa | Northern Africa | 691 | 5.9% | 0.0% | 5.2% | 0.7% | 0.0% |
Africa | Central Sahel Region | 461 | 23.0% | 0.0% | 23.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Africa | Western Africa | 123 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Africa | Eastern Africa | 442 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Africa | Southern Africa | 105 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Europe | Western Europeans | 465 | 57.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 57.8% | 0.0% |
Europe | North western Europeans | 43 | 55.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 55.8% | 0.0% |
Europe | Central Europeans | 77 | 42.9% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 42.9% | 0.0% |
Europe | North Eastern Europeans | 74 | 1.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.4% | 0.0% |
Europe | Russians | 60 | 6.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 6.7% | 0.0% |
Europe | Eastern Europeans | 149 | 20.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 20.8% | 0.0% |
Europe | South eastern Europeans | 510 | 13.1% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 12.9% | 0.0% |
Asia | Western Asians | 328 | 5.8% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 5.5% | 0.0% |
Asia | Southern Asians | 288 | 4.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.7% | 3.1% |
Asia | South eastern Asians | 10 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Asia | North eastern Asians | 30 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Asia | Eastern Asians | 156 | 0.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.6% | 0.0% |
TOTAL | 5326 |
R2a
Tibeto-Burman | Austro-Asiatic | Dravidian | Indo-European | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tribe | 5.75% | 10.94% | 5.00% | - |
Lower Caste | - | - | 13.79% | 10.00% |
Middle Caste | - | - | 3.53% | 18.75% |
Upper Caste | - | - | 10.17% | 16.28% |
Count | Sample Size | R-M124 Fequency % | |
---|---|---|---|
UAE[4] | 8 | 217 | 3.69% |
Qatar[5] | 1 | 72 | 1.39% |
Kuwait[6] | 1 | 153 | 0.65% |
Yemen[5] | 1 | 104 | 0.96% |
Jordan[7] | 2 | 146 | 1.37% |
Lebanon[8] | 2 | 935 | 0.21% |
Palestine[9] | 1 | 49 | 2.04% |
Egypt[10] | 1 | 147 | 0.68% |
R2b
R2b% | Population |
---|---|
10.3% | Burusho, |
6.8% | Kalash, |
1.0% | Pashtuns |
3.4% | Gujarat |
0.63% | Pakistan |
Q
Near universal in pure native Americans as well as the Kets (95%), although only 50-90% in the Na-Dene, although some have suggested that in the north East of the United States and Canada have native R, the brother of Q. Common at 25-50% in the Nivks, the Selkups, the Tuvans, the Chucki, the Siberian Eskimos, the Northern Altains, and found in 30% of Turkmens.
Subgroups
Haplogroup L and T (K1). Spotty with L being found at its highest frequency in Baloch of Afghanistan and western cost of India and Pakistan , while T is most common among some Jewish communities, Ethiopan Somalians, some alpine cities, some Aegean Islands and a few tribes of India | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
K2* |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See also
- Ancient populations haplogroups are assumed from small ancient sample sizes.
[18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25][26][27][28] Modern Populations+Ancient Basques
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
References
- ^ a b c http://www.phylotree.org/Y/tree/index.htm
- ^ Karafat 2014
- ^ a b c Karafet 2014
- ^ Alshamali et al. (2009), "Local Population Structure in Arabian Peninsula Revealed by Y-STR Diversity."
- ^ a b Cadenas et al. (2007), "Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman."
- ^ Mohammad et al. (2009), "Genetic structure of nomadic Bedouin from Kuwait."
- ^ Flores et al. (2005), "Isolates in a corridor of migrations: a high-resolution analysis of Y-chromosome variation in Jordan."
- ^ "Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 82 (4): 873–82. April 2008. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.020. PMC 2427286. PMID 18374297.
- ^ Myres et al. (2010), "A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe."
- ^ Luis et al. (2004), "The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations."
- ^ http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ejhg2014106a.html
- ^ http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v505/n7481/full/nature12736.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20140102
- ^ http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v506/n7487/full/nature13025.html
- ^ http://www.fsigenetics.com/article/S1872-4973(14)00116-1/abstract
- ^ http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2148-9-181.pdf
- ^ http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0041252
- ^ http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/journals/journal/ca.html
- ^ . doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034288.
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(help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ "Y-chromosomal diversity in Europe is clinal and influenced primarily by geography, rather than by language". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 67 (6): 1526–43. December 2000. doi:10.1086/316890. PMC 1287948. PMID 11078479.
- ^ Genetic Structure in Contemporary South Tyrolean Isolated Populations Revealed by Analysis of Y-Chromosome, mtDNA, and Alu Polymorphisms
- ^ Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in a population sample from continental Greece, and the islands of Crete and Chios
- ^ http://www.krepublishers.com/06-Special%20Volume-Journal/T-Anth-00-Special%20Volumes/T-Anth-SI-03-Anth-Today-Web/Anth-SI-03-31-Trivedi-R/Anth-SI-03-31-Trivedi-R-Tt.pdf
- ^ http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/11443
- ^ . doi:10.1016/S0531-5131(03)01635-2 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513103016352.
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(help) - ^ "Human Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88: a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans-Saharan connections and the spread of Chadic languages". European Journal of Human Genetics. 18 (7): 800–7. July 2010. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.231. PMC 2987365. PMID 20051990.
- ^ yhrd.org
- ^ http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/1/717.long
- ^ http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2013/12/13/000802
Notes
[Assuming B70 ky for the TMRCA of M168 chromosomes,10 we estimate the interval of time between the diversification of K-M9 and that of K-P331 to be <3 ky. This rapid diversification has also been assessed using whole Y-chromosome sequence data.22 In addition, we estimate the total time between the common ancestor of K-M9 and that of P-P295 to be <5 ky, and the time between the common ancestor P-P295 and that of P-P27 to be 12.3 ky (95% CI: 6.6–20 ky).http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ejhg2014106a.html]