1010s in England
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Events from the 1010s in England.
Incumbents
- Monarch – Ethelred (to December 1013), Sweyn (December 1013 to 3 February 1014), Ethelred (3 February 1014 to 23 April 1016), Edmund II (23 April to 30 November 1016), then Canute
Events
- 1010
- 5 May – Battle of Ringmere: Danish leader Thorkell the Tall defeats an English army under Ulfcytel Snillingr and ravages East Anglia and Mercia.[1]
- 1011
- 29 September – Siege of Canterbury: Danes capture Canterbury after a siege, taking Ælfheah, Archbishop of Canterbury, as a prisoner.[1]
- Byrhtferth of Ramsey Abbey writes his Manual (Enchiridion) on the divine order of the universe and time.[1]
- 1012
- Late 1011 or early 1012 (?) – Battle of Nýjamóđa ("Newmouth") near Orford, Suffolk, fought between English and Danes.
- Heregeld tax is introduced to pay Anglo-Scandinavian mercenaries to fight the Danes.
- April – King Æthelred the Unready pays £48,000 Danegeld.[1]
- 19 April – Danes kill Ælfheah of Canterbury, probably at Greenwich, before leaving the country.[2]
- 1013
- July – Sweyn Forkbeard, King of Denmark, having invaded the country, is proclaimed as King within the Danelaw.[1]
- 25 December – Sweyn is proclaimed King of all England in London, forcing Æthelred to flee to Normandy.[1][2]
- Lyfing is appointed by Æthelred as Archbishop of Canterbury.
- 1014
- 3 February – Sweyn dies at Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, and his son Cnut is proclaimed King of England by the Vikings.[2]
- March – Æthelred returns to reclaim his throne at the invitation of English nobles.[3]
- April – Cnut returns to Denmark to enforce his rule there.
- Possible date – Olaf II Haraldsson of Norway perhaps attacks London in support of Æthelred.[4]
- Wulfstan II, Archbishop of York preaches his Latin homily Sermo Lupi ad Anglos ("Wulf's Address to the English"), describing the Danes as "God's judgement on England".[1]
- 1015
- Sigeferth and Morcar, chief thegns of the Five Boroughs of the Danelaw, come to an assembly in Oxford where they are murdered by Eadric Streona. Æthelred orders that Sigeferth's widow, probably named Ealdgyth, be seized and brought to Malmesbury Abbey, but Æthelred's son, Edmund Ironside, seizes and marries her by mid-August.[5]
- August – Cnut launches an invasion of England.[2]
- 1016
- 23 April – King Æthelred dies, and is succeeded by his son Edmund Ironside.[2]
- May – Battle of Brentford: King Edmund defeats Cnut, who then besieges London.[1]
- 18 October – Battle of Ashingdon: Cnut defeats King Edmund, leaving the latter as king of Wessex only.[2]
- 30 November – King Edmund dies and Cnut takes control of the whole country.[2]
- 1017
- c. July – Cnut marries Æthelred's widow Emma of Normandy.[1]
- Cnut divides England into the four Earldoms of Wessex, Mercia, East Anglia, and Northumbria controlled by himself, Eadric Streona, Thorkell the Tall, and Eric Haakonsson respectively.[1]
- Christmas – Cnut has Eadric killed and Leofric becomes Earl of Mercia.
- 1018
- Cnut succeeds his brother Harald II of Denmark on the Danish throne.[2]
- Buckfast Abbey founded in Devon.
- Cnut levies £10,500 to pay heregeld.
- 1019
- Exeter monastery restored by Cnut.
Births
- 1015 or 1016
- King Harold Harefoot (died 1040)
- c. 1018
- King Harthacnut (died 1042)
Deaths
- 1010
- Ælfric of Eynsham, abbot (born c. 955)
- 1012
- 19 April – Archbishop Ælfheah of Canterbury (born 954)
- 1016
- 23 April – King Æthelred the Unready (born c. 968)
- 30 November – King Edmund Ironside
- 1017
- December – Eadric Streona, ealdorman
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Palmer, Alan Warwick; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 48–49. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 105–106. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ "Athelred (II The Unready, King of the English 978-1013, 1014-1016)". Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ Snorri Sturluson (c. 1230), Heimskringla. Although attested in Skaldic poetry, there is no reference to this event in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. See: Hagland, Jan Ragnar; Watson, Bruce (Spring 2005). "Fact or folklore: the Viking attack on London Bridge" (PDF). London Archaeologist. 12: 328–33.
- ^ Lavelle, Ryan (2008). Aethelred II: King of the English. Stroud: The History Press. pp. 169–172.