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Ambassadors of the United States

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Flag of ambassadors of the United States of America
President Kennedy with a group of ambassadors in March 1961

Ambassadors of the United States are persons nominated by the president to serve as the country's diplomatic representatives to foreign nations, international organizations, and as ambassadors-at-large. Under Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, their appointment must be confirmed by the United States Senate;[1] while an ambassador may be appointed during a recess, they can serve only until the end of the next session of Congress, unless subsequently confirmed.[2]

Ambassadors are the highest-ranking diplomats of the U.S. and are usually based in the embassy in the host country. They are under the jurisdiction of the Department of State and answer directly to the secretary of state; however, ambassadors serve "at the pleasure of the President", meaning they can be dismissed at any time. Appointments change regularly for various reasons, such as reassignment or retirement.

An ambassador may be a career Foreign Service Officer (career diplomat – CD) or a political appointee (PA). In most cases, career foreign service officers serve a tour of approximately three years per ambassadorship, whereas political appointees customarily tender their resignations upon the inauguration of a new president.

The State Department provides lists of ambassadors that are updated periodically; the most recent listing was published 1 November 2021.[3][4] A listing by country of past chiefs of mission is maintained by the Office of the Historian of the U.S. Department of State,[5] along with the names and appointment dates of past and present ambassadors-at-large[6] and mission to international organizations.[7]

Current U.S. ambassadors

Note that the information in this list is subject to change due to regular personnel changes resulting from retirements and reassignments. The State Department posts updated lists of ambassadors approximately monthly, accessible via an interactive menu-based website.[8][9]

Host country List Ambassador Background Website Position established Confirmed
 Afghanistan List The U.S. Embassy in Kabul transferred operations to Doha, Qatar, on August 31, 2021, following the fall of Kabul to the Taliban (see Other chiefs of mission).[10][11] Since December 31, 2021, the U.S. Interests Section at the Embassy of Qatar in Kabul has served as the protecting power for the U.S. in Afghanistan.[12]
 Albania List Yuri Kim CD Tirana 1922 December 19, 2019
 Algeria List Elizabeth Moore Aubin CD Algiers 1962 December 18, 2021
 Andorra[13] List Julissa Reynoso Pantaleón PA Madrid 1998 December 18, 2021
 Angola[14] List Tulinabo S. Mushingi CD Luanda 1994 December 18, 2021
 Antigua and Barbuda[15] List Linda Swartz Taglialatela CD Bridgetown 1981 December 9, 2015
 Argentina List Marc R. Stanley PA Buenos Aires 1823 December 18, 2021
 Armenia List Lynne M. Tracy CD Yerevan [1] 1993 January 2, 2019
 Australia List Caroline Kennedy PA Canberra [2] 1940 May 5, 2022
 Austria List Victoria Reggie Kennedy PA Vienna [3] 1838 October 26, 2021
 Azerbaijan List Vacant since July 26, 2022
Hugo Guevara, Chargé d'affaires a.i. 		CD Baku 1992
The Bahamas Bahamas List Vacant since November 21, 2011
Usha E. Pitts, Chargé d'affaires a.i. 		(N/A) Nassau 1973
 Bahrain List Steven C. Bondy CD Manama [4] 1971 December 18, 2021
 Bangladesh List Peter D. Haas CD Dhaka [5] 1974 December 18, 2021
 Barbados[15] List Linda Swartz Taglialatela CD Bridgetown 1966 December 9, 2015
 Belarus List Vacant since June 9, 2022
Ruben Harutunian, Chargé d'affaires a.i. 		(N/A) Minsk 1992
 Belgium List Michael M. Adler PA Brussels 1832 December 18, 2021
 Belize List Michelle Kwan PA Belmopan 1981 September 29, 2022
 Benin List Brian Wesley Shukan CD Cotonou 1960 December 18, 2021
 Bhutan The United States does not maintain formal diplomatic relations with Bhutan. Informal contact through the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi.
 Bolivia List Vacant since September 15, 2008
Jarahn Hillsman, Chargé d'affaires[16] 		(N/A) La Paz 1849
 Bosnia and Herzegovina List Michael J. Murphy CD Sarajevo [6] 1993 December 18, 2021
 Botswana List Vacant since May 24, 2022
Amanda S. Jacobsen, Chargé d'affaires a.i. 		(N/A) Gaborone 1966
 Brazil List Vacant since July 28, 2021
Douglas Koneff, Chargé d'affaires a.i.[17] 		(N/A) Brasilia 1825
 Brunei List Caryn R. McClelland CD Bandar Seri Begawan 1984 December 18, 2021
 Bulgaria List Herro Mustafa CD Sofia 1901 September 26, 2019
 Burkina Faso List Sandra E. Clark CD Ouagadougou 1960 August 6, 2020
 Burma (Myanmar)[18] List Thomas Vajda CD Yangon [7] 1947 November 18, 2020
 Burundi List Melanie Harris Higgins CD Bujumbura 1962 November 18, 2020
 Cabo Verde (Cape Verde) List Jeff Daigle CD Praia 1976 May 23, 2019
 Cambodia List W. Patrick Murphy CD Phnom Penh 1950 August 1, 2019
 Cameroon List Christopher John Lamora CD Yaoundé 1960 December 18, 2021
 Canada List David L. Cohen PA Ottawa [8] 1927 December 7, 2021
 Central African Republic[19][20][21] List Patricia A. Mahoney CD Bangui 1960 December 18, 2021
 Chad List Alexander Mark Laskaris CD N'Djamena 1961 July 14, 2022
 Chile List Bernadette M. Meehan PA Santiago 1824 July 20, 2022
 China List R. Nicholas Burns PA Beijing [9] 1844 December 16, 2021
 Colombia List Vacant since June 1, 2022
Francisco Palmieri, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Bogotá 1823
 Comoros[22] List Claire A. Pierangelo CD Antananarivo 1977 March 2, 2022
Republic of the Congo Congo-Brazzaville List Eugene S. Young CD Brazzaville 1960 December 18, 2021
Democratic Republic of the Congo Congo-Kinshasa (DRC) List Vacant since July 9, 2022
Stephanie Miley, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Kinshasa 1960
 Costa Rica List Cynthia A. Telles PA San José 1853 December 18, 2021
 Croatia List Vacant since January 13, 2021
Mark Fleming, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Zagreb 1992
 Cuba List Vacant since October 28, 1960
Benjamin G. Ziff, Chargé d'affaires a.i.[23] 		(N/A) Havana [10] 1902
 Cyprus List Judith G. Garber CD Nicosia 1960 January 2, 2019
 Czech Republic List Vacant since January 20, 2021
Christy Agor, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Prague [11] 1992
 Denmark List Alan M. Leventhal PA Copenhagen [12] 1827 June 15, 2022
 Djibouti List Jonathan Pratt CD Djibouti 1980 December 15, 2020
 Dominica[15] List Linda Swartz Taglialatela CD Bridgetown 1979 December 9, 2015
 Dominican Republic List Vacant since January 20, 2021
Robert W. Thomas, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Santo Domingo 1884
 East Timor List Vacant since August 3, 2021
Thomas Daley, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Dili 2002
 Ecuador List Michael J. Fitzpatrick CD Quito 1833 May 23, 2019
 Egypt List Vacant since March 31, 2022
Daniel Rubinstein, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Cairo 1848
 El Salvador List Vacant since January 20, 2021
Katherine Dueholm, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) San Salvador 1863
 Equatorial Guinea List David R. Gilmour CD Malabo 1967 December 18, 2021
 Eritrea List Vacant since July 19, 2010
Leslie Freriksen, Chargé d'affaires a.i.[24] 		(N/A) Asmara 1991
 Estonia List Vacant since July 29, 2018
Gabrielle Cowan, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Tallinn [13] 1922
 Eswatini (Swaziland)[25] List Jeanne M. Maloney CD Mbabane 1971 November 18, 2020
 Ethiopia List Vacant since February 25, 2022
Tracey Ann Jacobson, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Addis Ababa 1908
 Fiji[26] List Marie C. Damour CD Suva 1971 August 4, 2022
 Finland List Douglas T. Hickey PA Helsinki 1920 March 24, 2022
 France[27] List Denise Campbell Bauer PA Paris [14] 1778 December 18, 2021
 Gabon List Vacant since March 1, 2019
Ellen B. Thorburn, Chargé d'affaires a.i[28] 		(N/A) Libreville 1960
 The Gambia List Sharon L. Cromer CD Banjul 1965 December 18, 2021
 Georgia List Kelly C. Degnan CD Tbilisi 1992 December 19, 2019
 Germany List Amy Gutmann PA Berlin [15] 1797 February 8, 2022
 Ghana List Virginia E. Palmer CD Ghana 1957 March 2, 2022
 Greece List George J. Tsunis PA Athens [16] 1868 March 10, 2022
 Grenada[15] List Linda Swartz Taglialatela CD Bridgetown 1975 December 9, 2015
 Guatemala List William W. Popp CD Guatemala 1826 August 6, 2020
 Guinea-Bissau[29] List Michael A. Raynor CD Bissau VPP 1976 December 18, 2021
Guinea Guinea List Troy Damian Fitrell CD Conakry 1959 December 18, 2021
 Guyana List Sarah-Ann Lynch CD Georgetown 1966 January 2, 2019
 Haiti List Vacant since October 9, 2021
Eric Stromayer, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Port-au-Prince 1862
 Holy See (Vatican City) List Joseph Donnelly PA Vatican [17] 1984 January 20, 2022
 Honduras List Laura Farnsworth Dogu CD Tegucigalpa 1853 March 10, 2022
 Hungary List David Pressman PA Budapest 1921 July 28, 2022
 Iceland List Carrin F. Patman PA Reykjavik 1941 August 7, 2022
 India List Vacant since January 20, 2021
A. Elizabeth Jones, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) New Delhi [18] 1947
 Indonesia List Sung Y. Kim CD Jakarta [19] 1949 August 6, 2020
 Iran List No diplomatic relations since April 7, 1980. Informal contact via the U.S. Interests Section in the Swiss embassy.
Virtual Embassy Tehran open since December 2011.
 Iraq List Alina L. Romanowski CD Baghdad [20] 1931 March 24, 2022
Republic of Ireland Ireland List Claire D. Cronin PA Dublin [21] 1927 December 18, 2021
 Israel List Thomas R. Nides PA Jerusalem [22] 1949 November 3, 2021
 Italy[30] List Vacant since January 4, 2021
Shawn P. Crowley, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Rome [23] 1831
 Ivory Coast List Richard K. Bell CD Abidjan 1960 August 1, 2019
 Jamaica List N. Nick Perry PA Kingston 1962 March 10, 2022
 Japan List Rahm Emanuel PA Tokyo [24] 1859 December 18, 2021
 Jordan List Henry T. Wooster CD Amman 1950 August 6, 2020
 Kazakhstan List Daniel N. Rosenblum CD Nur-Sultan 1992 August 4, 2022
 Kenya List Margaret C. Whitman PA Nairobi [25] 1964 July 14, 2022
 Kiribati[26] List Marie C. Damour CD Suva 1980 August 4, 2022
 Kosovo List Jeffrey M. Hovenier CD Pristina 2008 November 18, 2021
 Kuwait List Vacant since March 24, 2022
James Holtsnider, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Kuwait City 1961
 Kyrgyzstan List Lesslie Viguerie CD Bishkek 1992 September 29, 2022
 Laos List Peter Haymond CD Vientiane 1950 December 19, 2019
 Latvia List John Carwile CD Riga 1922 September 26, 2019
 Lebanon List Dorothy Shea CD Beirut 1942 February 11, 2020
 Lesotho List Maria E. Brewer CD Maseru 1966 December 18, 2021
 Liberia List Michael A. McCarthy CD Monrovia 1863 November 18, 2020
 Libya List Richard B. Norland CD Tripoli 1952 August 1, 2019
 Liechtenstein[31] List Scott Miller PA Bern 1853 December 18, 2021
 Lithuania List Robert S. Gilchrist CD Vilnius 1922 December 19, 2019
 Luxembourg List Tom Barrett PA Luxembourg 1903 December 16, 2021
 Madagascar[22] List Claire A. Pierangelo CD Antananarivo 1960 March 2, 2022
 Malawi List David John Young CD Lilongwe 1964 March 2, 2022
 Malaysia List Brian D. McFeeters CD Kuala Lumpur 1957 December 22, 2020
 Maldives List Vacant since December 6, 2021
Andrea Appell, Chargé d’affaires 		(N/A) Colombo 1949
 Mali List Vacant since September 26, 2022
Richard Nicholson, Chargé d'affaires 		CD Bamako 1960
 Malta List Constance J. Milstein PA Attard [26] 1964 August 6, 2022
 Marshall Islands List Roxanne Cabral CD Majuro 1986 December 19, 2019
 Mauritania List Cynthia Kierscht CD Nouakchott 1960 December 22, 2020
 Mauritius[32] List Vacant since January 15, 2021
Satrajit (Jitu) Sardar, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Port Louis 1968
 Mexico List Ken Salazar PA Mexico City [27] 1825 August 11, 2021
Federated States of Micronesia Micronesia List Vacant since August 4, 2022
Alissa Bibb, Chargé d’affaires 		(N/A) Kolonia 1987
 Moldova List Kent D. Logsdon CD Chişinău 1992 December 18, 2021
 Monaco[27][33] List Denise Campbell Bauer PA Paris [28] 2006 December 18, 2021
 Mongolia List Richard Lee Buangan CD Ulaanbaatar 1988 August 4, 2022
 Montenegro List Judy Rising Reinke CD Podgorica 1905 September 6, 2018
 Morocco List Puneet Talwar PA Rabat 1905 September 8, 2022
 Mozambique List Peter H. Vrooman CD Maputo 1976 December 18, 2021
 Namibia List Randy W. Berry CD Windhoek 1990 September 20, 2022
 Nauru[26] List Marie C. Damour CD Suva 1974 August 4, 2022
   Nepal List Dean R. Thompson CD Kathmandu 1959 August 4, 2022
 Netherlands List Shefali Razdan Duggal PA The Hague [29] 1781 September 14, 2022
 New Zealand[34] List Tom Udall PA Wellington 1942 October 26, 2021
 Nicaragua List Hugo F. Rodriguez CD Managua 1851 September 29, 2022
 Niger List Vacant since December 2, 2021
Susan N’Garnim, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Niamey 1960
 Nigeria List Mary Beth Leonard CD Abuja 1960 August 1, 2019
 North Korea The United States does not maintain diplomatic relations with North Korea. Limited consular matters handled by the Swedish embassy.[35]
North Macedonia North Macedonia List Angela Price Aggeler CD Skopje 1993 August 4, 2022
 Norway List Marc B. Nathanson PA Oslo [30] 1905 May 5, 2022
 Oman List Leslie Tsou CD Muscat 1972 December 19, 2019
 Pakistan List Donald Armin Blome CD Islamabad [31] 1947 March 1, 2022
 Palau[36] List John Hennessey-Niland CD Koror 2004 February 11, 2020
 Panama List Mari Carmen Aponte PA Panama City 1903 September 29, 2022
 Papua New Guinea[37] List Vacant since April 14, 2022
Joe Zadrozny, Chargé d'affaires a.i. 		(N/A) Port Moresby 1975
 Paraguay List Marc Ostfield CD Asunción 1861 December 18, 2021
 Peru List Lisa D. Kenna PA Lima 1827 November 18, 2020
 Philippines[36] List MaryKay Loss Carlson CD Manila [32] 1946 May 5, 2022
 Poland List Mark Brzezinski PA Warsaw [33] 1919 December 18, 2021
 Portugal List Randi Levine PA Lisbon [34] 1791 March 10, 2022
 Qatar List Timmy T. Davis CD Doha 1971 August 4, 2022
 Romania List Vacant since January 20, 2021
David Muniz, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Bucharest 1880
 Russia List Vacant since September 4, 2022
Elizabeth Rood, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Moscow [35] 1809
 Rwanda List Vacant since January 24, 2022
Deb MacLean, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Kigali 1963
 Saint Kitts and Nevis[15] List Linda Swartz Taglialatela CD Bridgetown 1984 December 9, 2015
 Saint Lucia[15] List Linda Swartz Taglialatela CD Bridgetown 1983 December 9, 2015
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[15] List Linda Swartz Taglialatela CD Bridgetown 1981 December 9, 2015
 Samoa[34] List Tom Udall PA Matafele Apia 1971 October 26, 2021
 San Marino[30] List Vacant since January 4, 2021
Thomas D. Smitham, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Florence
San Marino VPP 		2006
 São Tomé and Príncipe[14] List Tulinabo S. Mushingi CD Luanda 1975 December 18, 2021
 Saudi Arabia List Vacant since January 20, 2021
Martina Strong, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Riyadh 1939
 Senegal[29] List Michael A. Raynor CD Dakar 1960 December 18, 2021
 Serbia List Christopher R. Hill CD Belgrade 1882 March 10, 2022
 Seychelles[32] List Vacant since January 15, 2021
Satrajit (Jitu) Sardar, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Port Louis 1976
 Sierra Leone List David Dale Reimer CD Freetown 1961 December 22, 2020
 Singapore List Jonathan E. Kaplan PA Singapore 1966 November 19, 2021
 Slovakia List Gautam A. Rana CD Bratislava 1993 August 4, 2022
 Slovenia List Jamie L. Harpootlian PA Ljubljana 1992 December 18, 2021
 Solomon Islands[37] List Vacant since April 14, 2022
Joe Zadrozny, Chargé d'affaires a.i. 		(N/A) Port Moresby 1978
 Somalia[38][39] List Larry Edward André Jr. CD Somalia VPP 1960 December 18, 2021
 South Africa List Reuben E. Brigety II PA Pretoria 1929 July 21, 2022
 South Korea List Philip S. Goldberg CD Seoul [36] 1883 May 5, 2022
 South Sudan List Michael J. Adler CD Juba [37] 2011 July 14, 2022
 Spain[13] List Julissa Reynoso Pantaleón PA Madrid 1783 December 18, 2021
 Sri Lanka List Julie J. Chung CD Colombo 1949 December 18, 2021
 Sudan[40] List John T. Godfrey CD Khartoum 1956 July 14, 2022
 Suriname List Vacant since November 3, 2022
Priyadarshi Sen, Chargé d'affaires 		CD Paramaribo 1975
 Sweden List Erik D. Ramanathan PA Stockholm 1818 December 18, 2021
  Switzerland[31] List Scott Miller PA Bern 1853 December 18, 2021
 Syria[41] List Vacant since February 28, 2014
Joel Rayburn, Special Envoy 		(N/A) Damascus 1942
 Taiwan Since January 19, 1979, diplomatic relations have been carried out by the American Institute in Taiwan
Taipei Office
 Tajikistan List John M. Pommersheim CD Dushanbe 1992 January 2, 2019
 Tanzania List Don J. Wright PA Dar es Salaam [38] 1962 February 11, 2020
 Thailand List Robert F. Godec CD Bangkok [39] 1882 August 4, 2022
 Togo List Elizabeth Fitzsimmons CD Lomé 1960 December 18, 2021
 Tonga[26] List Marie C. Damour CD Suva 1972 August 4, 2022
 Trinidad and Tobago List Candace Bond PA Port of Spain 1962 September 29, 2022
 Tunisia List Vacant since April 5, 2022
Natasha Franceschi, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Tunis 1956
 Turkey List Jeff Flake PA Ankara 1831 October 26, 2021
 Turkmenistan List Matthew S. Klimow CD Ashgabat 1992 May 23, 2019
 Tuvalu[26] List Marie C. Damour CD Suva 1979 August 4, 2022
 Uganda List Natalie E. Brown CD Kampala 1963 August 6, 2020
 Ukraine List Bridget A. Brink CD Kyiv [40] 1992 May 18, 2022
 United Arab Emirates List Vacant since January 19, 2021
Sean Murphy, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Abu Dhabi 1972
 United Kingdom[42] List Jane D. Hartley PA London [41] 1791 May 25, 2022
 Uruguay List Vacant since January 20, 2021
Karl Rios, Chargé d'affaires 		(N/A) Montevideo 1867
 Uzbekistan List Jonathan Henick CD Tashkent 1992 August 4, 2022
 Vanuatu[37] List Vacant since April 14, 2022
Joe Zadrozny, Chargé d'affaires a.i. 		(N/A) Port Moresby 1986
 Venezuela List James B. Story CD Caracas [42] 1835 November 18, 2020
 Vietnam List Marc Evans Knapper CD Hanoi 1997 December 18, 2021
 Yemen List Steven H. Fagin CD Sana’a 1988 April 7, 2022
 Zambia List Michael C. Gonzales CD Lusaka 1965 August 4, 2022
 Zimbabwe List Vacant since September 14, 2021
Elanie M. French, Chargé d'affaires a.i. 		(N/A) Harare 1980
 Abkhazia The Republic of Abkhazia is not recognized by the United Nations or by the United States.
 Northern Cyprus The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is not recognized by the United Nations or by the United States.
 Palestine The State of Palestine is not recognized by the United States.
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is not recognized by the United Nations or by the United States[43]
 South Ossetia The Republic of South Ossetia is not recognized by the United Nations or by the United States.

Ambassadors to International Organizations

Ambassadors to the United Nations

Current ambassadors from the United States to International Organization of the United Nations:

Host organization List Location Ambassador Background Website Confirmed
United Nations List New York, United States Linda Thomas-Greenfield PA New York City February 23, 2021
United Nations (Deputy) List New York City, United States Jeffrey Prescott CD New York City February 25, 2021
United Nations (Management and Reform) List New York, United States Christopher P. Lu PA New York City December 18, 2021
United Nations (Special Political Affairs) List New York, United States Robert A. Wood PA New York City September 20, 2022
United Nations Economic and Social Council List New York, United States Lisa A. Carty PA New York City February 8, 2022
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
 – U.S. withdrew from UNESCO effective December 31, 2018[44][45] 		List Paris, France Vacant since January 20, 2017 (N/A) Paris
United Nations Human Rights Council List Geneva, Switzerland Michèle Taylor PA Geneva February 17, 2022
United Nations International Organizations in Geneva List Geneva, Switzerland Bathsheba Nell Crocker PA Geneva December 18, 2021
United Nations International Organizations in Nairobi List Nairobi, Kenya William Lehmberg[46] CD Nairobi April 9, 2021
United Nations International Organizations in Rome
(U.N. Agencies for Food & Agriculture) 		List Rome, Italy Cindy McCain PA Rome October 26, 2021
United Nations International Organizations in Vienna List Vienna, Austria Laura S. H. Holgate PA Vienna December 18, 2021

Other international Organizations

Current ambassadors from the United States to other international organizations:

Host organization List Location Ambassador Background Website Confirmed
African Union List Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Jessica Lapenn CD Addis Ababa August 27, 2019
Association of Southeast Asian Nations List Jakarta, Indonesia Yohannes Abraham PA Jakarta August 4, 2022
Conference on Disarmament List Geneva, Switzerland Bruce I. Turner CD Geneva September 13, 2022
European Union List Brussels, Belgium Mark Gitenstein PA Brussels [43] December 18, 2021
International Civil Aviation Organization List Montreal, Quebec, Canada Vacant since July 1, 2022 (N/A) Montreal
North Atlantic Treaty Organization List Brussels, Belgium Julianne Smith PA Brussels November 18, 2021
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development List Paris, France Jack A. Markell PA Paris December 18, 2021
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons[47] List The Hague, Netherlands Joseph Manso[48] CD The Hague September 23, 2020
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe List Vienna, Austria Michael R. Carpenter (N/A) Vienna [44] November 3, 2021
Organization of American States List Washington, D.C., United States Vacant since January 20, 2021
Thomas R. Hastings, Interim Permanent Representative[49] 		(N/A) Washington, D.C.

Ambassadors-at-large

Current ambassadors-at-large from the United States with worldwide responsibility:[50][51]

Portfolio List Ambassador Background Website Confirmed
Counterterrorism (Coordinator) List Vacant since January 20, 2021
John T. Godfrey (acting) 		(N/A) [45]
Cyberspace and Digital Policy Nathaniel Fick PA [46] September 15, 2022
Global AIDS Combat[52] (Coordinator) List John Nkengasong PA [47] May 5, 2022
Global Criminal Justice List Beth Van Schaack PA [48] March 15, 2022
Global Women's Issues List Vacant since January 20, 2021
Katrina Fotovat (acting) 		(N/A) [49]
International Religious Freedom List Rashad Hussain PA [50] December 16, 2021
Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (Director) List Vacant since January 20, 2021
Kari Johnstone (acting)[53] 		(N/A) [51]

Other chiefs of mission

Senior diplomatic representatives of the United States hosted in posts other than embassies. Unlike other consulates, these persons report directly to the Secretary of State.

Host country List Ambassador Title Website Appointed
 Curaçao[54] List Allen Greenberg Consul General and Chief of Mission Curaçao June 2019
 Hong Kong[55] List Gregory May Consul General and Chief of Mission Hong Kong [52] September 2022
 Qatar List Karen B. Decker[56][57][58] Chargé d’Affaires to  Afghanistan Afghanistan August 1, 2022
 Taiwan List Sandra Oudkirk Director (of the nominally independent American Institute in Taiwan) Taipei [53] August 11, 2018

Special envoys, representatives, and coordinators

These diplomatic officials report directly to the Secretary of State. Many oversee a portfolio not restricted to one nation, often an overall goal, and are not usually subject to Senate confirmation.[59][51][60] Unlike the State Department offices and diplomats listed in other sections of this Article, the offices and special envoys/representatives/coordinators listed in this Section are created and staffed by direction of top Federal Executive administrators – primarily U.S. Presidents and Secretaries of State – whose political or organizational management philosophies may not be shared by their successors.[61][62][63] As such, many of these positions may go unfilled upon assumption of office by successor Presidential Administrations, with their offices sometimes merged with or subsumed into other offices, or abolished altogether.

Portfolio Officeholder (Title) Website Appointed
Afghanistan and Pakistan – S/SRAP office disestablished June 2017, its duties assumed by the Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs[64] Thomas West (Special Representative) [54] October 18, 2021[65]
Arctic Region – In 2017 it was announced this office's functions would be subsumed into the Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs[62] Vacant since January 20, 2017
(Special Representative)[66] 		[55]
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Sandra Oudkirk[67]
(Senior Official) 		[56] July 6, 2019
Assistance to Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia Jim Kulikowski (Coordinator)[68] [57]
Biological & Toxin Weapons Convention Issues Robert Wood[69] (Special Representative) [58] October 2, 2014
Burma – In 2017 it was announced this office's functions would be subsumed into the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs[62] Vacant since November 19, 2014
(Senior Advisor) 		[59]
Central African Republic[70] Vacant since 2015
(Special Representative) 		[60]
Civil Society and Emerging Democracies Vacant since October 31, 2014 (Coordinator) [61]
Climate Change – In 2017 it was announced this office's functions would be subsumed into the Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs[62] Vacant since January 20, 2017
(Special Envoy) 		[62]
Closure of the Guantánamo Detention Facility – In 2017 it was announced this office would be disestablished, and any of its functions deemed still necessary would be assumed by the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs[63] Vacant since January 20, 2017
(Special Envoy) 		[63]
Commercial and Business Affairs Dan Negrea[71] (Special Representative) [64] May 28, 2019
Conference on Disarmament Robert Wood (Special Representative) [65] October 2, 2014
Counterterrorism Vacant since January 20, 2021
John T. Godfrey, chargé d'affaires[72] 		[66]
Cyber Issues – In 2017 it was announced the coordinator position for this office would be discontinued, and its functions subsumed into the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs[63] Vacant since July 2017[73][74] (Coordinator) [67]
Environment and Water Resources – In 2017 it was announced the assistant secretary for oceans and international environmental and scientific affairs would be dual-hatted as the special representative for environment and water resources.[63] Vacant since January 2017
(Special Representative) 		[68]
Fissile Material Negotiator Michael Guhin (Senior Cutoff Coordinator) [69][75] August 10, 2009
Global Coalition to Counter ISIL James F. Jeffrey[76]
(Special Presidential Envoy) 		[70] August 17, 2018
Global Criminal Justice Todd Buchwald (Special Coordinator) [71] December 30, 2015
Global Engagement Center Lea Gabrielle[77] (Special Envoy/Coordinator) [72] February 11, 2019
Global Food Security – In 2017 it was reported that this office would be moved to USAID[62] Vacant (Special Representative)
Ted Lyng, acting 		[73]
Global Health Diplomacy[52] Vacant since January 20, 2021
Angeli Achrekar, chargé d'affaires[78] 		[74] April 14, 2014
Global Partnerships – In 2019 this office was subsumed into the Office of the Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment.[63] Vacant (Special Representative)
Thomas Debass, acting 		[75]
Global Youth Issues – In 2017 it was reported this position would be cut and the duties of the office transferred to the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs[63] Andy Rabens (Special Advisor) [76] October 19, 2014
Great Lakes Region of Africa J. Peter Pham (Special Envoy) [77] November 2018
Haiti Kenneth Merten (Special Coordinator) [78] August 17, 2015
Holocaust Issues Thomas K. Yazdgerdi (Special Envoy)
Stu Eizenstat (Special Advisor) 		[79] August 22, 2016
December 18, 2013
Hostage Affairs Robert C. O'Brien
(Special Presidential Envoy) 		[80] May 25, 2018
Human Rights of LGBT community Vacant since November 2017[79]
(Special Envoy) 		[81]
International Communications and Information Policy (Advisory Committee) Vacant (Coordinator/Ambassador) [82]
International Disabilities Rights Vacant (Special Advisor) [83]
International Energy Affairs Vacant (Special Envoy and Coordinator)
Mary B. Warlick, acting 		[84]
International Information Programs Vacant (Coordinator)
Jonathan Henick, acting 		[85]
International Information Technology Diplomacy Vacant (Senior Coordinator) [86]
International Labor Affairs Vacant (Special Representative) [87]
Iran Nuclear Implementation Vacant(Coordinator) [88]
Israel and the Palestinian Authority Frederick Rudesheim
(Security Coordinator) 		[89] January 2015
Israeli-Palestinian Negotiations Vacant from January 20, 2017 [90]
Knowledge Management Vacant (Senior Coordinator) [91]
Libya Vacant since January 20, 2017
(Special Envoy)
Middle East Transitions Vacant (Special Coordinator) [92]
Minsk Vacant (Senior Representative) [93]
Monitoring and Combating Anti-Semitism Deborah Lipstadt [94] March 30, 2022
Muslim Communities Vacant (Special Representative) [95]
Nonproliferation and Arms Control Vacant since June 10, 2010
(Special Advisor) 		[96]
North Korea Sung Y. Kim [97]
North Korean Human Rights Issues Vacant (Special Envoy) [98]
Northern Ireland Issues Vacant (Presidential Representative) [99]
Nuclear Nonproliferation Adam M. Scheinman [100] December 18, 2021
Organization of Islamic Cooperation Vacant since February 13, 2015
(Special Envoy) 		[101]
Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review Vacant since July 6, 2015
(Special Representative) 		[102]
Religion and Global Affairs[80][81][82] Vacant (Special Representative) [103]
Religious Minorities in the Near East and South/Central Asia Knox Thames[83] (Special Envoy) [104] [105] September 28, 2015
Sahel Region of Africa J. Peter Pham[84] (Special Envoy) [106] March 1, 2020
Sanctions Coordination James C. O'Brien [107]PA April 6, 2022
Science and Technology Vacant (Advisor) [108]
Secretary Initiatives Vacant (Special Advisor)
Senior Advisor to the Secretary Vacant (Senior Advisor)
Six-Party Talks (2003–2009) on North Korea's development of weapons of mass destruction[85] Vacant since September 2015
(Special Envoy) 		[109]
Somalia Vacant since 2015[86]
(Special Representative) 		[110]
Sudan and South Sudan Vacant since January 2017[87][88]
(Special Envoy) 		[111]
Syria Vacant since April 2018[89]
(Special Envoy) 		[112]
Threat Reduction Programs Vacant since 2017 (Coordinator/Ambassador) [113]
Tibetan Issues[90] Vacant (Special Coordinator) [114]
Transparency (Coordinator)[91][92] – Office may have been disestablished; no public record of activity after 2016 located/identified Vacant (Coordinator) Archived[91]
Ukraine Negotiations Vacant (Special Representative) [115]
Western Balkans Matthew Palmer (Special Representative) [116] August 30, 2019
Yemen Tim Lenderking (Special Envoy) [117] February 4, 2021

Nations without exchange of ambassadors

  • Bhutan: According to the U.S. State Department, "The United States and the Kingdom of Bhutan have not established formal diplomatic relations; however, the two governments have informal and cordial relations."[93] Informal contact with the nation of Bhutan is maintained through the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi.[93]
  • Iran: On April 7, 1980, the United States broke diplomatic relations with Iran after the 1979 Iranian Revolution.[94] On April 24, 1981, the Swiss government assumed representation of U.S. interests in Tehran, and Algeria assumed representation of Iranian interests in the United States.[95] Currently, Iranian interests in the United States are represented by the government of Pakistan. The U.S. Department of State named Iran a "State Sponsor of Terrorism" on January 19, 1984.[96]
  • North Korea: The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is not on friendly terms with the United States, and while talks between the two countries are ongoing, there is no exchange of ambassadors. Sweden functions as Protective Power for the United States in Pyongyang and performs limited consular responsibilities for U.S. citizens in North Korea.[97]
  • Taiwan: With the normalization of relations with the People's Republic of China in 1979, the United States has not maintained official diplomatic relations with Taiwan. Relations between Taiwan and the United States are maintained through an unofficial instrumentality, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office, with headquarters in Taipei and field offices in Washington, D.C., and twelve other U.S. cities. The Taipei Office of the American Institute in Taiwan, a non-profit, public corporation, functions as a de facto embassy, performing most consular functions and staffed by Foreign Service Officers who are formally "on leave".[98]

Notable past ambassadors

Many well-known individuals have served the United States as ambassadors, or in formerly analogous positions such as envoy, including several who also became President of the United States (indicated in boldface below). Some notable ambassadors have included:

Ambassadors killed in office

Eight United States Ambassadors have been killed in office – six of them by armed attack and the other two in plane crashes.[99]

Name Ambassador to Place Country Date of death Killed by
Laurence Steinhardt Canada Ramsayville, Ontario  Canada March 28, 1950 plane crash
John Gordon Mein Guatemala Guatemala City  Guatemala August 28, 1968 attack by Rebel Armed Forces
Cleo A. Noel Jr. Sudan Khartoum  Sudan March 2, 1973 attack by Black September Organization
Rodger Davies Cyprus Nicosia  Cyprus August 19, 1974 attack during Greek Cypriot demonstration
Francis E. Meloy Jr. Lebanon Beirut  Lebanon June 16, 1976 attack by Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
Adolph Dubs Afghanistan Kabul  Afghanistan February 14, 1979 attack by Settam-e-Melli
Arnold Lewis Raphel Pakistan Bahawalpur  Pakistan August 17, 1988 plane crash
J. Christopher Stevens Libya Benghazi  Libya September 11, 2012 attack by Ansar al-Sharia on a U.S. diplomatic mission

Ambassadors to past countries

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ U.S. Senate – Powers & Procedure Archived October 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Senate.gov; retrieved May 25, 2012.
  2. ^ Henry B. Hogue. "Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions" (PDF). Congressional Research Service, the Library of Congress. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
  3. ^ "List of U.S. Ambassadors". United States Department of State. Archived from the original on December 25, 2021. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  4. ^ "U.S. Ambassadors: Current List of Ambassadorial Appointments Overseas (listings arranged by date)". state.gov. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
  5. ^ "Chiefs of Mission Listed by Country". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on May 12, 2017. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
  6. ^ "Ambassadors at Large". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on July 7, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  7. ^ "Chiefs of Mission to International Organizations". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on July 6, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  8. ^ Burns, William Joseph; Thomas-Greenfield, Linda (September 23, 2020). "The Transformation of Diplomacy: How to Save the State Department". Foreign Affairs. Vol. 99, no. 6. ISSN 0015-7120.
  9. ^ "Current list of U.S. Ambassadors". United States Department of State. United States Department of State. Retrieved November 7, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ^ Jakes, Lara (August 30, 2021). "In a final blow of the 20-year war, U.S. envoys close their embassy and exit Kabul". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
  11. ^ U.S. Embassy in Kabul (August 31, 2021). "Security Message: Suspension of Operations". Retrieved April 2, 2022.
  12. ^ Beitsch, Rebecca; Rai, Sarakshi (November 12, 2021). "Qatar to formally represent US interests in Afghanistan". The Hill. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
  13. ^ a b The U.S. Ambassador to Spain, resident at Madrid, is also accredited to Andorra.
  14. ^ a b One ambassador, resident at Luanda, is accredited to Angola and São Tomé and Príncipe. Source: U.S. State Department
  15. ^ a b c d e f g The List of ambassadors of the United States to Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean, resident in Bridgetown, Barbados, is concurrently accredited to Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
  16. ^ "Chargée d'Affaires Charisse Phillips | U.S. Embassy in Bolivia". November 1, 2020. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  17. ^ "Chargé D'Affaires a.i. Douglas A. Koneff". July 28, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  18. ^ In 1989 the military government of Burma changed the name of the nation to Myanmar, but the United States government – and other Western governments – still refer to the country as Burma in official usage. See Myanmar.
  19. ^ Embassy suspended operations on December 28, 2012. French embassy acted as protecting power from April 25, 2013. Relations resumed from September 15, 2014
  20. ^ "Department of State – Central African Republic: Resumption of Operations at Embassy Bangui". Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
  21. ^ "7 FAM 1022 – Bilateral Protecting Power Arrangements". Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  22. ^ a b One ambassador, resident at Antananarivo, is accredited to Madagascar and Comoros.
  23. ^ "Chargé d'Affaires Timothy Zúñiga-Brown". U.S. Embassy in Cuba. Retrieved March 3, 2021.
  24. ^ "Charge d'Affaires Steven C. Walker". er.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
  25. ^ On April 19, 2018, King Mswati III of Swaziland announced a change of the English language form of his country’s name from Swaziland to Eswatini. "Appendix A: Notes on Nationality (from Report of the Visa Office 2018)" (PDF). travel.state.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 27, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
  26. ^ a b c d e One ambassador, resident at Suva, is accredited to Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga, and Tuvalu. Source U.S. Embassy Suva Archived February 14, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.
  27. ^ a b As of December 2006, the U.S. ambassador to France is also accredited to Monaco.
  28. ^ https://ga.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/our-ambassador/
  29. ^ a b One ambassador, resident at Dakar, is accredited to Guinea-Bissau and Senegal.
  30. ^ a b The U.S. Ambassador to Rome is also accredited to San Marino. The U.S. Consulate in Florence handles matters concerned with San Marino.
  31. ^ a b One ambassador, resident at Bern, is accredited to Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
  32. ^ a b One ambassador, resident at Port Louis, is accredited to Mauritius and Seychelles.
  33. ^ Until December 2006, the United States and Monaco had no formal diplomatic relations (exchange of ambassadors). The U.S. Consul General in Marseille, France, under the authority of the U.S. Ambassador to France, managed relations with Monaco. In December 2006, the United States and Monaco upgraded from consular to full diplomatic relations and Ambassador Craig Stapleton (France) was accredited to Monaco. Source: Department of State: Background notes on Monaco Archived June 4, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, U.S. Embassy in France: U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Monaco Archived July 7, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.
  34. ^ a b One ambassador, resident at Wellington, is accredited to New Zealand and Samoa.
  35. ^ American citizens who travel to North Korea do so at their own risk and in some cases in violation of U.S. and/or UN sanctions.
  36. ^ a b Until 2005 one ambassador, resident at Manila, was accredited to the Philippines and Palau. Source: CIA World Factbook . Helen Reed-Rowe is the first ambassador to Palau to be confirmed in 2010.
  37. ^ a b c One ambassador, resident at Port Moresby, is accredited to Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu.
  38. ^ Managed through the U.S. Embassy in Kenya. The United States has no diplomatic relations with Somalia. The last ambassador to Somalia was James Bishop when the embassy in Mogadishu was closed on January 5, 1991. Source: U.S State Department Archived November 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine.
  39. ^ "Virtual Presence Post Somalia". Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2008.
  40. ^ The U.S. Embassy in Khartoum was closed on February 7, 1996. Timothy Michael Carney was the last ambassador to Sudan. The embassy was reopened on May 23, 2002, with Jeffrey Millington as Chargé d'Affaires ad interim. There has been no U.S. ambassador in Khartoum since then. Source U.S. Department of State Archived November 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine.
  41. ^ After formal relations were reestablished in 2010 after five years, the embassy was again suspended on February 6, 2014. Poland became the protecting power until its embassy closed on July 27, at which point the Czech Republic took responsibility.
  42. ^ The ambassador to the U.K. is known as the "Ambassador to the Court of St. James's".
  43. ^ The US neither recognizes Moroccan claims to sovereignty over Western Sahara. Sources: Western Sahara, Foreign relations of Western Sahara, Foreign relations of Morocco.
  44. ^ Nauert, Heather (October 12, 2017). "The United States Withdraws From UNESCO". www.state.gov. Archived from the original on December 19, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
  45. ^ Kraemer, Tania (January 1, 2019). "Goodbye, UNESCO: Israel and US quit UN heritage agency". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on January 1, 2019. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  46. ^ "Permanent Representative to the USUN Mission in Nairobi". U.S. Embassy in Kenya. April 9, 2021.
  47. ^ The U.S. Permanent Representative to the OPCW is based at the U.S. Embassy in The Hague "Our Relationship". nl.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on December 23, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
  48. ^ "United States of America". OPCW. Retrieved July 9, 2021.
  49. ^ "Bradley A. Freden, Interim Permanent Representative of the United States".
  50. ^ "United States Ambassadors at Large". Archived from the original on January 17, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  51. ^ a b "Assistant Secretaries and Other Senior Officials". Archived from the original on May 21, 2018. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
  52. ^ a b Since 2015 office has been titled 'Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator and Health Diplomacy'
  53. ^ "Kari Johnstone".
  54. ^ While solely accredited to Curaçao, the Consul General is responsible for all the countries and special municipalities of the former Netherlands Antilles, including Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius.
  55. ^ The United States Consul General to Hong Kong, resident in Hong Kong, is concurrently accredited to Macau.
  56. ^ Lippman, Daniel; Ward, Alexander (September 9, 2021). "Top U.S. diplomat during Kabul evacuation tests positive for Covid". Politico. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
  57. ^ Kelemen, Michele (September 3, 2021). "Blinken Will Visit Qatar, Where Diplomats Relocated To Keep Working On Afghanistan". NPR. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
  58. ^ "U.N. and U.S. raise concern over reports of Afghan journalist arrests". Reuters. March 18, 2022. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
  59. ^ "Special Envoys, Representatives and Coordinators". American Foreign Service Association. January 7, 2019. Archived from the original on January 18, 2019. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
  60. ^ "Alphabetical List of Bureaus and Offices". Archived from the original on July 1, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
  61. ^ Torres-Bennett, Aileen (October 31, 2017). "Tillerson Wants to Whittle Down Number of Special Envoys". washdiplomat.com. Archived from the original on November 1, 2017. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  62. ^ a b c d e Labott, Elise; Gaouette, Nicole; Herb, Jeremy (August 29, 2017). "First on CNN: Tillerson moves to ditch special envoys". www.cnn.com. Archived from the original on March 10, 2018. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  63. ^ a b c d e f Kanowitz, Stephanie (October 31, 2017). "SIDEBAR: Who's In and Who's Out". washdiplomat.com. Archived from the original on November 1, 2017. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  64. ^ "Inspection of the Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs" (PDF). www.oversight.gov. February 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 24, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2018. With the creation of the Secretary of State's Office of the Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan (S/SRAP) in 2009, the country desks for Afghanistan and Pakistan transferred out of SCA to the new entity. However, in June 2017, the Department reintegrated S/SRAP's Afghanistan and Pakistan offices and its policy, support, foreign assistance, and leadership functions into SCA
  65. ^ Marquardt, Alex; LeBlanc, Paul (October 19, 2021). "US envoy for Afghanistan steps down following chaotic evacuation". CNN. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
  66. ^ "Key State Department Arctic Officials". www.state.gov. Archived from the original on November 16, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
  67. ^ "Sandra Oudkirk". United States Department of State. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  68. ^ "Jim Kulikowski". United States Department of State. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  69. ^ "Ambassador Robert Wood – U.S. Permanent Representative to the CD". geneva.usmission.gov. Archived from the original on December 24, 2018. Retrieved December 23, 2018.
  70. ^ Last to hold the position (2014–2015) was W. Stuart Symington. "W. Stuart Symington". state.gov. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved December 23, 2018.
  71. ^ "Dan Negrea". United States Department of State. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  72. ^ "John T. Godfrey".
  73. ^ "State Department's top cyber diplomat announces departure". www.cyberscoop.com. July 18, 2017. Archived from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  74. ^ Chris Painter [@C_Painter] (July 28, 2017). "On my final day in this role, a reminder on this #FlashbackFriday of the importance of #Diplomacy in #Cyberspace – hint, it's important!" (Tweet). Retrieved January 1, 2019 – via Twitter.
  75. ^ Archive of original/discontinued State Dept. webpage. "Office of U.S. Fissile Material Negotiator and Senior Cutoff Coordinator's Operation (ISN/FM)". www.state.gov. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  76. ^ "James F. Jeffrey". United States Department of State. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  77. ^ "Lea Gabrielle". United States Department of State. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  78. ^ "Angeli Achrekar".
  79. ^ "Randy Berry is no longer US LGBTI envoy". www.washingtonblade.com. November 30, 2017. Archived from the original on December 28, 2018. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
  80. ^ "RELIGION AND GLOBAL AFFAIRS" (PDF). state.gov. February 27, 2015. Retrieved December 31, 2018. Alt URL
  81. ^ Moore, Diane L.; Pandith, Farah; Seiple, Chris; Wertheimer, Linda K. (moderator) (May 9, 2018). "Religious Literacy in Global Affairs (panel discussion)". www.cfr.org. Archived from the original on December 31, 2018. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
  82. ^ Winters, Michael Sean (March 2, 2018). "Shaun Casey's legacy on religion in US diplomacy dismantled". www.ncronline.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  83. ^ "Biography – Knox Thames". state.gov. Archived from the original on May 21, 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  84. ^ "Ambassador J. Peter Pham". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
  85. ^ "The Six-Party Talks at a Glance". www.armscontrol.org. June 21, 2018. Archived from the original on December 29, 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  86. ^ "Inspection of U.S. Mission to Somalia" (PDF). stateoig.gov. October 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 31, 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2018. From May 2007 to September 2015, U.S. Special Envoys (later Special Representatives) and their staffs worked in the Somalia Unit, housed within Embassy Nairobi.
  87. ^ "Q&A: Sudan, South Sudan Wars—Special Envoy Needed?". www.usip.org. September 14, 2017. Archived from the original on December 13, 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  88. ^ Campbell, John (August 30, 2017). "Secretary Tillerson to End Special Envoy to the Sudans". www.cfr.org. Archived from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  89. ^ Karam, Joyce (July 5, 2018). "Changes at US National Security Council as Bolton shuffles Middle East staff". www.thenational.ae. Archived from the original on December 30, 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2018. There has also been no replacement for the United States Special Envoy for Syria Michael Ratney who left the position in April.
  90. ^ See also "Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights". www.state.gov. Archived from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  91. ^ a b Office established September 2015 by Secretary of State John Kerry. "Transparency Coordinator". www.state.gov. September 8, 2015. Archived from the original on April 25, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  92. ^ Gerstein, Josh (September 8, 2015). "Kerry names State Department email and transparency czar". www.politico.com. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  93. ^ a b "Bhutan (08/04)". United States Department of State.
  94. ^ Goshko, John M.; Walsh, Edward (April 8, 1980). "U.S. Breaks Diplomatic Ties With Iran: Carter Breaks Ties, Orders Ouster of Iranian Diplomats". The Washington Post. p. A1. ProQuest 147221464.
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  96. ^ "Chapter 3 – State Sponsors of Terrorism Overview". State.gov. Archived from the original on October 5, 2011. Retrieved September 4, 2011.
  97. ^ "The Embassy | SwedenAbroad". swedenabroad.com. Archived from the original on March 17, 2013. Retrieved October 10, 2016.
  98. ^ Roy, Denny (2003). Taiwan: a political history (1. publ. ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801488054.
  99. ^ "US Ambassadors Killed in the Line of Duty". Associated Press. September 12, 2012. Archived from the original on September 12, 2012. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
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