Croatia national football team results (2020–present)
Appearance
Croatia results |
This is a list of the Croatia national football team results from 2020 to present.[1][2]
Key
[edit] Win
Draw
Loss
As per statistical convention in football, matches decided in extra time are counted as wins and losses, while matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws.
Results
[edit]2020
[edit]5 September 2020 Nations League | Portugal | 4–1 | Croatia | Porto, Portugal |
19:45 | Report | Stadium: Estádio do Dragão Attendance: 0[note 1] Referee: Davide Massa (Italy) Assistant referees: Filippo Meli (Italy) Stefano Alassio (Italy) Fourth official: Paolo Valeri (Italy) |
8 September 2020 Nations League | France | 4–2 | Croatia | Saint-Denis, France |
20:45 | Report |
|
Stadium: Stade de France Attendance: 0[note 1] Referee: Ovidiu Haţegan (Romania) Assistant referees: Octavian Sovre (Romania) Sebastian Gheorghe (Romania) Fourth official: Sebastian Colțescu (Romania) |
7 October 2020 Friendly | Switzerland | 1–2 | Croatia | St. Gallen, Switzerland |
20:45 |
|
Report | Stadium: Kybunpark Attendance: 4,500 Referee: Tiago Martins (Portugal) Assistant referees: Luis Campos (Portugal) Pedro Almeida (Portugal) Fourth official: Urs Schnyder (Switzerland) |
11 October 2020 Nations League | Croatia | 2–1 | Sweden | Zagreb, Croatia |
18:00 | Report | Stadium: Stadion Maksimir Attendance: 2,020[5] Referee: John Beaton (Scotland) Assistant referees: Dougie Potter (Scotland) Daniel McFarlane (Scotland) Fourth official: Steven McClean (Scotland) |
14 October 2020 Nations League | Croatia | 1–2 | France | Zagreb, Croatia |
20:45 | Report | Stadium: Stadion Maksimir Attendance: 6,266[6] Referee: Björn Kuipers (Netherlands) Assistant referees: Sander van Roekel (Netherlands) Erwin Zeinstra (Netherlands) Fourth official: Serdar Gözübüyük (Netherlands) |
11 November 2020 Friendly | Turkey | 3–3 | Croatia | Istanbul, Turkey |
21:45 | Report | Stadium: Vodafone Park Attendance: 0 Referee: Slavko Vinčić (Slovenia) Assistant referees: Grega Kordež (Slovenia) Andraž Kovačič (Slovenia) Fourth official: Matej Jug (Slovenia) |
14 November 2020 Nations League | Sweden | 2–1 | Croatia | Solna, Sweden |
20:45 |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Friends Arena Attendance: 0[note 2] Referee: Daniel Siebert (Germany) Assistant referees: Jan Seidel (Germany) Rafael Foltyn (Germany) Fourth official: Robert Schröder (Germany) |
17 November 2020 Nations League | Croatia | 2–3 | Portugal | Split, Croatia |
20:45 | Report | Stadium: Stadion Poljud Attendance: 0[note 2] Referee: Michael Oliver (England) Assistant referees: Stuart Burt (England) Simon Bennett (England) Fourth official: Paul Tierney (England) |
2021
[edit]24 March 2021 2022 World Cup qualification | Slovenia | 1–0 | Croatia | Ljubljana, Slovenia |
20:45 | Report (FIFA) Report (UEFA) |
Stadium: Stadion Stožice Attendance: 0 Referee: Antonio Mateu Lahoz (Spain) |
27 March 2021 2022 World Cup qualification | Croatia | 1–0 | Cyprus | Rijeka, Croatia |
18:00 |
|
Report (FIFA)[dead link ] Report (UEFA) |
Stadium: Stadion Rujevica Attendance: 0 Referee: Kristo Tohver (Estonia) |
30 March 2021 2022 World Cup qualification | Croatia | 3–0 | Malta | Rijeka, Croatia |
20:45 | Report (FIFA)[dead link ] Report (UEFA) |
Stadium: Stadion Rujevica Attendance: 0 Referee: Lionel Tschudi (Switzerland) |
1 June 2021 Friendly | Croatia | 1–1 | Armenia | Velika Gorica, Croatia |
18:00 | Report | Stadium: Gradski stadion Velika Gorica Attendance: 0 Referee: Luka Bilbija (Bosnia and Herzegovina) |
6 June 2021 Friendly | Belgium | 1–0 | Croatia | Brussels, Belgium |
20:45 |
|
Report | Stadium: King Baudouin Stadium Attendance: 50 Referee: Deniz Aytekin (Germany) |
13 June 2021 Euro 2020 Group D | England | 1–0 | Croatia | London, England |
14:00 | Report |
|
Stadium: Wembley Stadium Attendance: 18,497 Referee: Daniele Orsato (Italy) |
18 June 2021 Euro 2020 Group D | Croatia | 1–1 | Czech Republic | Glasgow, Scotland |
17:00 | Report | Stadium: Hampden Park Attendance: 5,607 Referee: Carlos del Cerro Grande (Spain) |
22 June 2021 Euro 2020 Group D | Croatia | 3–1 | Scotland | Glasgow, Scotland |
20:00 | Report | Stadium: Hampden Park Attendance: 9,896 Referee: Fernando Rapallini (Argentina) |
28 June 2021 Euro 2020 R16 | Croatia | 3–5 (a.e.t.) | Spain | Copenhagen, Denmark |
18:00 | Report |
|
Stadium: Parken Stadium Attendance: 22,771 Referee: Cüneyt Çakır (Turkey) |
1 September 2021 2022 World Cup qualification | Russia | 0–0 | Croatia | Moscow, Russia |
21:45 UTC+3 | Report | Stadium: Luzhniki Stadium Attendance: 18,708 Referee: Orel Grinfeld (Israel) |
4 September 2021 2022 World Cup qualification | Slovakia | 0–1 | Croatia | Bratislava, Slovakia |
20:45 UTC+2 | Report | Stadium: Tehelné pole Attendance: 9,047 Referee: Bartosz Frankowski (Poland) |
7 September 2021 2022 World Cup qualification | Croatia | 3–0 | Slovenia | Split, Croatia |
20:45 | Report |
|
Stadium: Stadion Poljud Attendance: 16,237 Referee: Clément Turpin (France) |
8 October 2021 2022 World Cup qualification | Cyprus | 0–3 | Croatia | Larnaca, Cyprus |
21:45 | Report | Stadium: AEK Arena – Georgios Karapatakis Attendance: 2,333 Referee: Michael Oliver (England) |
11 October 2021 2022 World Cup qualification | Croatia | 2–2 | Slovakia | Osijek, Croatia |
20:45 | Report | Stadium: Gradski Vrt Attendance: 9,926 Referee: Ovidiu Hațegan (Romania) |
11 November 2021 2022 World Cup qualification | Malta | 1–7 | Croatia | Ta' Qali, Malta |
20:45 | Report | Stadium: National Stadium Attendance: 4,581 Referee: Deniz Aytekin (Germany) |
14 November 2021 2022 World Cup qualification | Croatia | 1–0 | Russia | Split, Croatia |
15:00 |
|
Report | Stadium: Stadion Poljud Attendance: 30,257 Referee: Danny Makkelie (Netherlands) |
2022
[edit]26 March 2022 Friendly | Croatia | 1–1 | Slovenia | Al Rayyan, Qatar |
17:00 UTC+3 |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Education City Stadium Attendance: 3,000 Referee: Abdullah Jamali (Kuwait) Assistant referees: Sayedali Sayedali (Kuwait) Ahmad Abbas (Kuwait) Fourth official: Ammar Ashkanani (Kuwait) |
29 March 2022 Friendly | Croatia | 2–1 | Bulgaria | Al Rayyan, Qatar |
16:00 | Report |
|
Stadium: Education City Stadium Referee: Khamis Mohammed Al-Marri (Qatar) Assistant referees: Yousuf Aref Al-Shamari (Qatar) Zahy Snaid Alshammari (Qatar) Fourth official: Abdulhadi Alasmar Al-Ruaile (Qatar) |
3 June 2022 Nations League | Croatia | 0–3 | Austria | Osijek, Croatia |
20:45 | Report |
|
Stadium: Gradski Vrt Stadium Attendance: 13,994 Referee: Chris Kavanagh (England) Assistant referees: Daniel Cook (England) Neil Davies (England) Fourth official: Craig Pawson (England) |
6 June 2022 Nations League | Croatia | 1–1 | France | Split, Croatia |
20:45 | Report |
|
Stadium: Stadion Poljud Attendance: 31,560 Referee: Marco Guida (Italy) Assistant referees: Ciro Carbone (Italy) Giorgio Peretti (Italy) Fourth official: Giovanni Ayroldi (Italy) |
10 June 2022 Nations League | Denmark | 0–1 | Croatia | Copenhagen, Denmark |
20:45 | Report |
|
Stadium: Parken Stadium Attendance: 35,862 Referee: Bartosz Frankowski (Poland) Assistant referees: Marcin Boniek (Poland) Jakub Winkler (Poland) Fourth official: Krzysztof Jakubik (Poland) |
13 June 2022 Nations League | France | 0–1 | Croatia | Saint-Denis, France |
20:45 | Report | Stadium: Stade de France Attendance: 77,410 Referee: Orel Grinfeld (Israel) Assistant referees: Roy Hassan (Israel) Idan Yarkoni (Israel) Fourth official: Gal Leibovitz (Israel) |
22 September 2022 Nations League | Croatia | 2–1 | Denmark | Zagreb, Croatia |
20:45 | Report |
|
Stadium: Stadion Maksimir Attendance: 22,715 Referee: Davide Massa (Italy) Assistant referees: Filippo Meli (Italy) Stefano Alassio (Italy) Fourth official: Fabio Maresca (Italy) |
25 September 2022 Nations League | Austria | 1–3 | Croatia | Vienna, Austria |
20:45 |
|
Report | Stadium: Ernst-Happel-Stadion Attendance: 45,700 Referee: Artur Soares Dias (Portugal) Assistant referees: Rui Tavares (Portugal) Paulo Soares (Portugal) Fourth official: Gustavo Correia (Portugal) |
16 November 2022 Friendly | Saudi Arabia | 0–1 | Croatia | Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
13:00 CET(15:00 AST) | Report |
|
Stadium: Prince Faisal bin Fahd Stadium Attendance: 8,287[7] Referee: Adham Makhadmeh (Jordan) Assistant referees: Ahmad Alroalle (Jordan) Mohammad Alkalaf (Jordan) Fourth official: Khalid Alturais (Saudi Arabia) |
23 November 2022 2022 FIFA World Cup | Morocco | 0–0 | Croatia | Al Khor, Qatar |
11:00 CET(13:00 AST) | Report | Stadium: Al Bayt Stadium Attendance: 59,407 Referee: Fernando Andrés Rapallini (Argentina) Assistant referees: Juan Pablo Belatti (Argentina) Diego Yamil Bonfá (Argentina) Fourth official: Kevin Ortega (Peru) Man of the Match: Luka Modrić (Croatia) |
27 November 2022 2022 FIFA World Cup | Croatia | 4–1 | Canada | Al Rayyan, Qatar |
17:00 CET(19:00 AST) | Report |
|
Stadium: Khalifa International Stadium Attendance: 44,374 Referee: Andrés Matonte (Uruguay) Assistant referees: Nicolás Taran (Uruguay) Martin Soppi (Uruguay) Fourth official: Kevin Ortega (Peru) |
1 December 2022 2022 FIFA World Cup | Croatia | 0–0 | Belgium | Al Rayyan, Qatar |
16:00 CET(18:00 AST) | Report | Stadium: Ahmad bin Ali Stadium Attendance: 43,984 Referee: Anthony Taylor (England) Assistant referees: Gary Beswick (England) Adam Nunn (England) Fourth official: István Kovács (Romania) |
5 December 2022 2022 World Cup R16 | Japan | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (1–3 p) | Croatia | Al Wakrah, Qatar |
18:00 UTC+3 |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Al Janoub Stadium Attendance: 42,523 Referee: Ismail Elfath (United States) Assistant referees: Corey Parker (United States) Kyle Atkins (United States) Fourth official: Mustapha Ghorbal (Algeria) |
Penalties | ||||
9 December 2022 2022 World Cup QF | Croatia | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (4–2 p) | Brazil | Al Rayyan, Qatar |
18:00 UTC+3 |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Education City Stadium Attendance: 43,893 Referee: Michael Oliver (England) Assistant referees: Stuart Burt (England) Gary Beswick (England) Fourth official: Mustapha Ghorbal (Algeria) |
Penalties | ||||
13 December 2022 FIFA World Cup SF | Argentina | 3–0 | Croatia | Lusail, Qatar |
20:00 CET(22:00 AST) | Report | Stadium: Lusail Iconic Stadium Attendance: 88,966 Referee: Daniele Orsato (Italy) Assistant referees: Ciro Carbone (Italy) Alessandro Giallatini (Italy) Fourth official: Mohammed Abdulla Hassan Mohamed (United Arab Emirates) Man of the Match: Lionel Messi (Argentina) |
17 December 2022 FIFA World Cup 3rd | Croatia | 2–1 | Morocco | Al Rayyan, Qatar |
16:00 CET(18:00 AST) | Report |
|
Stadium: Khalifa International Stadium Attendance: 44,137 Referee: Abdulrahman Al-Jassim (Qatar) Assistant referees: Taleb Al-Marri (Qatar) Saud Al-Maqaleh (Qatar) Fourth official: Raphael Claus (Brazil) Man of the Match: Joško Gvardiol (Croatia) |
2023
[edit]25 March 2023 UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying | Croatia | 1–1 | Wales | Split, Croatia |
20:45 |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Stadion Poljud Attendance: 33,474 Referee: João Pinheiro (Portugal) Assistant referees: Bruno Jesus (Portugal) Luciano Maia (Portugal) Fourth official: Vitor Ferreira (Portugal) |
28 March 2023 UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying | Turkey | 0–2 | Croatia | Bursa, Turkey |
20:45 CEST(21:45 TRT) | Report |
|
Stadium: Bursa Metropolitan Stadium Attendance: 37,750 Referee: Andreas Ekberg (Sweden) Assistant referees: Fredrik Klyver (Sweden) Niklas Nyberg (Sweden) Fourth official: Granit Maqedonci (Sweden) |
14 June 2023 2022–23 UEFA Nations League SF | Netherlands | 2–4 (a.e.t.) | Croatia | Rotterdam, Netherlands |
20:45 CEST | Report | Stadium: Stadion Feijenoord Referee: István Kovács (Romania) Assistant referees: Vasile Florin Marinescu (Romania) Ovidiu Artene (Romania) Fourth official: Halil Umut Meler (Turkey) |
18 June 2023 2022–23 UEFA Nations League F | Croatia | 0–0 (a.e.t.) (4–5 p) | Spain | Rotterdam, Netherlands |
20:45 CEST | Report | Stadium: De Kuip Attendance: 41,110 Referee: Felix Zwayer (Germany) Assistant referees: Stefan Lupp (Germany) Marco Achmüller (Germany) Fourth official: Ivan Kružliak (Slovakia) Man of the Match: Marcelo Brozović (Croatia) | ||
Penalties | ||||
8 September 2023 UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying | Croatia | 5–0 | Latvia | Rijeka, Croatia |
20:45 | Report | Stadium: Stadion Rujevica Attendance: 8,152 Referee: Philip Farrugia (Malta) |
11 September 2023 UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying | Armenia | 0–1 | Croatia | Yerevan, Armenia |
18:00 (20:00 UTC+4) | Report |
|
Stadium: Vazgen Sargsyan Republican Stadium Attendance: 14,233 Referee: Clément Turpin (France) |
12 October 2023 UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying | Croatia | 0–1 | Turkey | Osijek, Croatia |
20:45 | Report |
|
Stadium: Opus Arena Attendance: 12,812 Referee: Anthony Taylor (England) |
15 October 2023 UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying | Wales | 2–1 | Croatia | Cardiff, Wales |
20:45 (19:45 UTC+1) |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium Attendance: 31,240 Referee: Davide Massa (Italy) |
18 November UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying | Latvia | 0–2 | Croatia | Riga, Latvia |
18:00 CET(19:00 EET) | Report | Stadium: Skonto Stadium Referee: Urs Schnyder (Switzerland) |
21 November 2023 UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying | Croatia | 1–0 | Armenia | Zagreb, Croatia |
20:45 |
|
Report | Stadium: Stadion Maksimir Referee: Ivan Kružliak (Slovakia) |
2024
[edit]23 March 2024 2024 FIFA Series | Tunisia | 0–0 (4–5 p) | Croatia | Cairo, Egypt |
21:00 | Report | Stadium: Cairo International Stadium Attendance: 4,300 Referee: Mohamed Maarouf (Egypt) | ||
Penalties | ||||
26 March 2024 2024 FIFA Series | Egypt | 2–4 | Croatia | New Administrative Capital, Egypt |
22:00 |
|
Report | Stadium: New Administrative Capital Stadium Attendance: 85,350 Referee: Adalbert Diouf (Senegal) |
3 June 2024 Friendly | Croatia | 3–0 | North Macedonia | Rijeka, Croatia |
19:00 | Report | Stadium: Stadion Rujevica Attendance: 8,030 Referee: Matej Jug (Slovenia) Assistant referees: Matej Žunič (Slovenia) Manuel Vidali (Slovenia) Fourth official: Antonio Melnjak (Croatia) |
8 June 2024 Friendly | Portugal | 1–2 | Croatia | Oeiras, Portugal |
18:45 |
|
Report | Stadium: Estádio Nacional Referee: Harm Osmers (Germany) |
15 June 2024 UEFA Euro 2024 Group B | Spain | 3–0 | Croatia | Berlin, Germany |
18:00 CEST | Report |
|
Stadium: Olympiastadion Referee: Michael Oliver (England) Assistant referees: Stuart Burt (England) Daniel Cook (England) Fourth official: Anthony Taylor (England) Man of the Match: Fabián Ruiz |
19 June 2024 UEFA Euro 2024 Group B | Croatia | 2–2 | Albania | Hamburg, Germany |
15:00 CEST | Report | Stadium: Volksparkstadion Referee: François Letexier (France) Assistant referees: Cyril Mugnier (France) Mehdi Rahmouni (France) Fourth official: Sandro Schärer (Switzerland) Man of the Match: Andrej Kramarić |
24 June 2024 UEFA Euro 2024 Group B | Croatia | 1–1 | Italy | Leipzig, Germany |
21:00 CEST |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Red Bull Arena Referee: Danny Makkelie (Netherlands) Assistant referees: Hessel Steegstra (Netherlands) Jan de Vries (Netherlands) Fourth official: Serdar Gözübüyük (Netherlands) Man of the Match: Luka Modrić |
5 September 2024 2024–25 UEFA Nations League A | Portugal | 2–1 | Croatia | Lisbon, Portugal |
20:45 CEST(19:45 WET) | Report | Stadium: Estádio da Luz Referee: Halil Umut Meler (Turkey) |
8 September 2024 2024–25 UEFA Nations League A | Croatia | 1–0 | Poland | Osijek, Croatia |
20:45 CEST |
|
Report | Stadium: Opus Arena Referee: François Letexier (France) Man of the Match: Luka Modrić |
12 October 2024 2024–25 UEFA Nations League A | Croatia | 2–1 | Scotland | Zagreb, Croatia |
18:00 CEST | Report |
|
Stadium: Stadion Maksimir Referee: István Kovács (Romania) |
15 October 2024 2024–25 UEFA Nations League A | Poland | 3–3 | Croatia | Chorzów, Poland |
20:45 CEST | Report | Stadium: Silesian Stadium Referee: Alejandro Hernández Hernández (Spain) |
15 November 2024 2024–25 UEFA Nations League A | Scotland | 1–0 | Croatia | Glasgow, Scotland |
20:45 CET(19:45 GMT) |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Hampden Park Attendance: 48,810 Referee: Orel Grinfeld (Israel) Man of the Match: Ben Doak |
18 November 2024 2024–25 UEFA Nations League A | Croatia | 1–1 | Portugal | Split, Croatia |
20:45 CET |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Stadion Poljud Referee: Davide Massa (Italy) |
Record per opponent
[edit] More wins than losses
As many wins as losses
Fewer wins than losses
Correct as of 21 November 2023, after the match against Armenia.
Opponent | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Argentina | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | −3 | 0.00 |
Armenia | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | +2 | 66.67 |
Austria | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 | −1 | 50.00 |
Brazil | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | +0 | 0.00 |
Belgium | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 0.00 |
Bulgaria | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | +1 | 100.00 |
Canada | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | +3 | 100.00 |
Cyprus | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | +4 | 100.00 |
Czech Republic | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | +0 | 0.00 |
Denmark | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | +2 | 100.00 |
England | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 0.00 |
France | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 7 | −2 | 25.00 |
Japan | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | +0 | 0.00 |
Latvia | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | +7 | 100.00 |
Malta | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 1 | +9 | 100.00 |
Morocco | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | +1 | 50.00 |
Netherlands | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | +2 | 100.00 |
Portugal | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 7 | −4 | 0.00 |
Russia | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | +1 | 50.00 |
Saudi Arabia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | +1 | 100.00 |
Scotland | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | +2 | 100.00 |
Slovakia | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | +1 | 50.00 |
Slovenia | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | +2 | 33.33 |
Spain | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | −2 | 0.00 |
Sweden | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | +0 | 50.00 |
Switzerland | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | +1 | 100.00 |
Turkey | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | +1 | 33.33 |
Wales | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | −1 | 0.00 |
Total: 28 teams played | 50 | 24 | 13 | 13 | 80 | 55 | +25 | 48.00 |
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, all matches scheduled for September 2020 were played behind closed doors.[3][4]
- ^ a b Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, the match was played behind closed doors.
References
[edit]- ^ "Croatia – Croatia – Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news – Soccerway". int.soccerway.com.
- ^ "Croatia national football team results". eu-football.info.
- ^ "UEFA meets general secretaries of member associations". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 19 August 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ "UEFA Super Cup to test partial return of spectators". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 25 August 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ "Croatia v Sweden". BBC Sport. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
- ^ "Croatia vs France, 14 October 2020" (JSON). Union of European Football Associations. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ^ "Saudi Arabia vs. Croatia – Football Match Summary". ESPN. 16 November 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2022.