Economy of Liverpool

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Liverpool's Commercial District

The Economy of Liverpool encompasses a wide range of economic activity that occurs within and surrounding the city of Liverpool, England. With a population of 442,300 within official city limits[1] and over 1.3 million in its Larger Urban Zone, Liverpool is one of the largest cities in the United Kingdom and sits at the centre of the broader Merseyside economic area, which is itself one of the two core economies of the North west of England.[2]

Background

GVA

GVA for Liverpool region 2002-06
Year Regional Gross Value Added[3]
2002 6,224
2003 6,595
2004 6,941
2005 7,247
2006 7,626

In 2006, the city's GVA was £7,626 million, providing a per capita figure of £17,489, which was above the North West average.[3] After several decades of decline, Liverpool's economy has seen somewhat of a revival since the mid-1990s, with its GVA increasing 71.8% between 1995 and 2006 and employment increasing 12% between 1998 and 2006.[3]

By sector, Liverpool's GVA is predominantly produced through service sector industries, with industry accounting for almost all of the rest.[4]

GVA by sector between 1995 and 2003
Year Regional Gross Value Added[5] Agriculture[6] Industry[7] Services[8]
1995 4,394 3 950 3,440
2000 5,681 4 1,033 4,644
2003 6,595 6 953 5,636

The economy of Liverpool is beginning to recover from its long, post-World War II decline. Between 1995 and 2001 GVA per head grew at 6.3% annum. This compared with 5.8% for inner London and 5.7% for Bristol. The rate of job growth was 9.2% compared with a national average of 4.9% for the same period, 1998-2002. However, Liverpool is still comparatively deprived; a 2001 report by CACI showed that Liverpool still had four of the ten poorest postcode districts in the country,[9] and almost 30% of people aged 65 or over are without central heating.[10]

Service sector

Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs offices located on Queens Dock in Liverpool city centre

In common with much of the rest of the UK today, Liverpool's economy is dominated by service sector industries, both public and private. In 2007, over 60% of all employment in the city was in the public administration, education, health, banking, finance and insurance sectors.[3]

Public administration, Education and Health

Public Administration, Education and Health are combined, the single largest employment sector within Liverpool's economy, accounting for approximately 40% of all jobs in the city.[3] Despite a recent fall in the number of jobs, the level of employment in these sectors remains higher than the average for the other core cities of England.[3]

Liverpool is an important centre for public administration having offices from several government departments and non-departmental public bodies, in addition to local government agencies. Agencies such as HM Passport Office,[11][12] Criminal Records Bureau,[13][14] and Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs[15][16] all have offices in the city.

Due to the economic recession of the late 2000s (decade), Liverpool Council, along with other local authorities within the United Kingdom, has had a significant reduction in its budget. During the 2011/12 tax year, Liverpool has had a 22% reduction in its council budget amounting to a figure of £91m and, as a result, has announced that up to 1200 jobs may be lost during the year. It will also have to make a further £50m of savings during the 2012/13.[17]

Banking, Finance and Insurance

The banking, finance and insurance sectors are one of the fastest growing areas of Liverpool's economy with a 5.3% increase in jobs in these areas 2006/07.[3] Major private sector service industry concerns have also invested in Liverpool especially the financial services sector with Barclays, JPMorgan, Abbey National, Alliance & Leicester, Royal Bank of Scotland Group, HBOS and the Bank of Ireland either opening or expanding their sites, a number of major call centres have opened in recent years too and the professional advice sector.

Tourism

Chavasse Park, located on the waterfront by Liverpool One
See also: Landmarks in Liverpool and Culture of Liverpool

Tourism is a major factor in the economy and this has led to a great increase in the provision of high quality services such as hotels, restaurants and clubs.

Liverpool is one of the few cities in the world where cruise liners can berth in the city centre, and from 2008 a significant number of ships called at Liverpool's cruise liner terminal, including the Grand Princess, and the Queen Elizabeth 2. From 2013 Liverpool will start cruise turnaround operations from the cruise liner terminal attracting cruise passengers from the north of England and the Midlands.[18] Large visiting naval ships draw large crowds. Liverpool and its boroughs have a large number of sandy beaches accessible by Merseyrail, which prove popular in the summer months.

Film Industry

The buildings and districts of Liverpool attract film makers, who regularly use Liverpool to double for cities around the world making it the second most filmed city in the UK.[19]

Retail

Liverpool One Shopping Complex

Liverpool's main shopping area consists of numerous streets and shopping centres. Amongst the larger predominantly retail orientated streets in Liverpool city centre are Church Street, Lord Street, Bold Street and Mathew Street. Liverpool One opened fully in October 2008 being the redevelopment of a large part of the postcode area L1—hence the name. It is also partly built on the old Chavasse Park, but much of the park still remains. Previous to the opening of the Liverpool One complex, St. John's Shopping Centre was the largest shopping centre in Liverpool, it still remains the largest covered shopping centre in the city. Clayton Square Shopping Centre is also located in the very centre of the city as is Metquarter, an upmarket shopping centre consisting primarily of boutique stores which opened in 2006. Another ambitious retail project for Liverpool city centre was also approved for construction in 2010, Central Village will be built around Liverpool Central railway station and Lewis's Department Store. This will further enhance Liverpool's status as a major retail destination in the UK with it already being ranked in the national top five. New Strand Shopping Centre and New Mersey Shopping Park are two other large shopping complexes in the Liverpool Urban Area, in Bootle and Speke respectively.

Knowledge economy

See also: Liverpool Knowledge Quarter

Growth in the areas of New Media has been helped by the existence of a relatively large computer game development community. Sony based one of only a handful of European PlayStation research and development centres in Wavertree, after buying out noted software publisher Psygnosis. According to a 2006 issue of industry magazine 'Edge' (issue 162), the first professional quality PlayStation software developer's kits were largely programmed by Sony's Liverpool 'studio'. Other notable development studios include the Activision-owned Bizarre Creations, and Sony-owned Evolution Studios.

Manufacturing sector

Car-manufacturing also takes place in the city at the Halewood plant where the Jaguar X-Type and Land Rover Freelander models are assembled. The X-Type ceased production in 2010 however, the new Range Rover Evoque filled the gap when production began in the Spring of 2011.

Port of Liverpool

The owner of Liverpool's port and airport, Peel Holdings, announced on 6 March 2007 that is had plans to redevelop the city's northern dock area with a scheme entitled Liverpool Waters, which may see the creation of 17,000 jobs and £5.5bn invested in the vicinity over a 50 year period. This is coupled with a sister scheme on the other side of the River Mersey, called Wirral Waters. [citation needed]

In recent years, the Port of Liverpool has seen somewhat of a revival, with both Japanese firm NYK and Danish firm Maersk Line locating their UK headquarters to the city.[20][21]

The port is being expanded with plans to construct a post-Panamax container terminal, for ships wider than the Panama Canal locks, and will be capable of handling ships carrying 13,500 containers, compared to the current limit of 3,500 in Liverpool.[22]

References

  1. ^ "Resident Population Estimates, All Persons". Office for National Statistics. 1 October 2009. Retrieved 11 March 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  2. ^ "Economic Data". Liverpool Vision. Retrieved 11 March 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Liverpool Economic Briefing - March 2009" (PDF). Liverpool City Council. March 2009. Retrieved 24 February 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  4. ^ "Regional Gross Value Added" (PDF). Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 11 March 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  5. ^ Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
  6. ^ includes hunting and forestry
  7. ^ includes energy and construction
  8. ^ includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured
  9. ^ Thompson, Harvey (9 February 2001). "Latest survey shows wealth and poverty side-by-side across Britain". Wsws.org. Retrieved 17 November 2008.
  10. ^ "http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7063120.stm". BBC News. 26 October 2007. Retrieved 26 October 2007. {{cite news}}: External link in |title= (help)
  11. ^ "Passport Office". Merseyside.com. Retrieved 6 March 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  12. ^ "Liverpool Regional Passport Office". Directgov. Retrieved 6 March 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  13. ^ "Contact Channels". Criminal Records Bureau. Retrieved 8 March 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  14. ^ "Criminal Record". Criminal Justice System. Retrieved 8 March 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  15. ^ "HMRC Completes North West, Scotland and Wales Accommodation Reviews". HM Revenue and Customs. Retrieved 8 March 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  16. ^ "Cut in government offices to cost 400 Mersey jobs". Liverpool Daily Post. 1 March 2008. Retrieved 8 March 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  17. ^ "Liverpool Council reveals budget cuts to services". BBC News. 17 February 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  18. ^ http://www.cruise-liverpool.com/
  19. ^ "Liverpool City Region Film and TV". Visit Liverpool. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
  20. ^ "Japanese shipping line NYK doubling its city operation". Liverpool Echo. 16 February 2010. Retrieved 24 February 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  21. ^ "Liverpool wins London HQ as Maersk relocates to city". Liverpool Echo. 4 February 2009. Retrieved 24 February 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  22. ^ "Port of Liverpool £300m container terminal plan gets boost". BBC News. 1 August 2012.

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