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Hinzelmann ("Little White Feather") was a kobold who haunted Hudemühlen Castle
―Willy Pogány illustr. (1912), "The Little White Feather" in The Fairies and the Christmas Child ed. Gask[1]

Hinzelmann (orig. Hintzelmann; German: [ˈhɪntsl̩ˌman], also known as Katermann or Katzen-Veit) was a kobold in the mythology of northern Germany. He was described as a household spirit of ambivalent nature, similar to Puck (Robin Goodfellow).[2] The similar-sounding Heinzelmann (Heinzelmännchen) of Cologne is considered a distinct and separate being by modern scholars.

Editions and background

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The legend was recorded in Pfarrer (pastor) Marquart Feldmann's diary for the years 1584–1589, and published by an anonymous author as Der vielförmige Hintzelmann in three duodecimo editions, 1701. sine loco; 1704, Leipzig; and 1718. s.l.[3]

The castle where the haunting took place was used as shelter during the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) but thereafter abandoned by the Lords of Hudemühlen, and was so derelict by 1704 [1701] that the chamber where the Hintzelmann did his meddling could hardly be discovered.[4]

Nomenclature

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The Hinzelmann, a type of kobold,[5] is discussed alongside various similarly sounding spirit names, and cat-related spirit names, by Jacob Grimm in Deutsche Mythologie. [6] He argues that the similar sprite-names heinzelman, hinzelman, hinzemännchen relate to the cat, and in particular is comparable to the form katerman (variant reading of taterman, in the poem Der Renner).[10][6]

Also the name "Heinze" occurring as sprite name [a] is described as diminutives of the common name Heinrich by Grimm,[11] however, it is probably more apt describe it as a pet name (hypocorism; German: Kosename).[12][b]

Hinzelmann and Katzenveit[c][d] are listed together under the category of kobold alluding to cat-shape (not "hypocorism" type names like "Hank" or "Jimmy") in the Handwörterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens [de] (HdA).[16]

Hinze the cat
―Fedor Flinzer illustr. (1880), from Reineke Fuchs edd. Lohmeyer and Bormann[17][e]

Grimm comments in this connection that Hinz was the name of the cat in Reineke (i.e., Reynard the Fox, cf. fig. right), so that Hinz/Hinze became an emblematic name for a "cat".[f][6] Also, the names (Hinz, Hinze, or Heinz) represents a cat-man (werecat?) type being in regional German folklore, a sort of wee-sized beast-man (Tiermännchen), comparable to English "tomcat".[19] The lore is perhaps also related to the anthropomorphosized cat, Puss-in-Boots, as suggested by Grimm.[20]

While Grimm tended to lump Hinzelmann and Heinzelman together, it has been clarified that the Heinzelmännchen attached to the city of Cologne is to be distinguished from it both in terms of character and appearance.[21][g]

Legend

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Winged Hintzelmann in the kitchen (detail[h])
―Der vielförmige Hintzelmann, Feldmann (1704), Ch. 12

An abridged version of the legend was printed by the Grimms (1816) as No. 75 "Hinzelmann" in their Deutsche sagen anthology,[24] sourced solely from the book properly titled Der vielförmige Hintzelmann (1704), ascribed to Pastor Marquart (Marcqvart) Feldmann at Eickeloh who kept his day-book in the years 1584–1589.[25][26]

According to this legend, the Hinzelmann ("Hintzelmann" in the original source) began haunting the castle Hudemühlen in Lower Saxony beginning in the year 1584.[i] First only its presence was felt from the banging noises. He then began to talk to servants in the castle, and when the humans began to grow accustomed and no longer feared him, began telling his personal details, that he was named Lüring, with a wife named Hille Bingels,[28] and that he used to live in the Bohemian Forest mountain range.[30] The copperplate engraving illustrates the spirit looking rather cherubic with a pair of feathered wings (see fig. right).[31]

The presence of the drove the lord of the Castle[j] to remove himself to Hanover, but only temporarily as it turns out, because the poltergeist followed him in the guise of a "white feather" (cf. Willy Pogány's illustration above[k]). At an inn, the lord blamed the disappearance of his gold chain on the innkeeper's servants, but the sprite privately appeared and disclosed the whereabouts of the chain to be under the pillow. The lord, realizing the flight to be futile, immediately returned home.[32]

The dimpled bed, chair, and table set with a bowl full of milk and bread chunks.
―Der vielförmige Hintzelmann, Feldmann (1704), Ch. 10

Hinzelmann would usefully and dedicatedly perform kitchen chores such as tableware and dish-washing, recover lost items, and groom horses. It gave advice or pep talks, but could strike with a stick when his words are not paid attention to. [33] It was said to occupy it own room with chair, table, and bed (cf. fig. right).[35][38]

The cook or the servants were obliged to put out a bowl of sweet milk with crumbled white bread in it, left sitting on the table meant for its use. And afterwards, the bowl would be found eaten clean, and empty.[l][39][40]

Hinzelmann was also useful finding things that had been lost in the household.[41] He had a rhyme he liked to sing: "If thou here wilt let me stay, / Good luck shalt thou have alway; / But if hence thou wilt me chase, / Luck will ne'er come near the place",[42] which perhaps referred to a nobleman who attempted to drive him away.[43] Also after Hinzelmann thrashed [m] the haughty secretary named Henning Steinhoff[44] working at the castle, catching him during a tryst with the chambermaid, (cf. kobold#Good-evil duality)[45] he composed a rhyme to boast about it, and would sing it to travelers with glee.[46]

Sometimes he would make his presence known at the master's table, then the servants would be obliged to place dishes at "his" seat and serve food, or incur his wrath.[47] The Hinzelmann was certainly a trickster, but his pranks were generally harmless.[48] A comparison has been made between the Hinzelmann and Puck (Robin Goodfellow) of English tradition.[2] One of Hinzelmann's pranks was to pinch drunken men to make them start fights with their companions.[49]

Hinzelmann once warned a colonel to be careful on his daily hunt. The man ignored the advice, only to have his gun backfire and shoot off his thumb. Hinzelmann appeared to him and said, "See, now, you have got what I warned you of! If you had refrained from shooting this time, this mischance would not have befallen you".[50]

Hinzelmann also predicted the demise of a certain lord Falkenberg who while visiting taunted and provoked the spirit with trickery. The annoyed Hinzelmann announced the lord' cap would be burst at Magdeburg, stunning the Lord with the veiled death message. Sure enough, Falkenberg had his chin blown off at the Siege of Magdeburg (1550–1551), and perished.[51] This incident anachronistically places the spirit already at the castle by 1550.[52]

Hinzelmann outwitted a nobleman who covered the jug's mouth to trap the creature inside, the kobold then told the nobleman everyone knew him as a fool, and promised some slight reprisal.[53]

Hinzelmann became particularly attached to two noble ladies who lived at Hudemühlen, named Anne and Catherine. He shadowed them whenever they traveled, assuming the guise of a white feather. He scared away their suitors so that these ladies remained unmarried thought they lived a long life.[54][55][n][o]

A nobleman tried to exorcize it and failed; during the attempt to catch the sprite, it revealed itself in the form of a black marten, then a coiled large snake.[58][59] Then a professional exorcist was sent in, chanting out of a spellbook, which the spirit snatched away and tore into pieces. The spirit then caught hold of the excorcist from the charterhouse (Karthaus) and thrashed him too, so that the clergyman wanted nothing further to do with the spirit. The Hinzelmann professed there was no evil in him (note he claimed earlier to have a Christian for a mother), and asked to be left alone.[60] When a nobleman protested that a seat at the dinner table was set for the spirit, and refused to drink to the kobold's honour, it prompted Hinzelmann to grab the man under his chin by the buckled strap (Schnallriemen) of his cloak, drag him the ground, and choke him near to death.[61][62]

Kitchen maid brings two pails to cellar to meet Hinzelmann in true form, but is shown body of child with knives stuck in chest.
―Adolf Ehrhardt illustr., in Bechstein (1853) Deutsches Sagenbuch, No. 275 "Hinzelmann"[63][p]

The Hinzelmann rarely manifested itself, but when it did visibly appear to young children and a half-wit, it assumed the guise of a young child wearing a red samite (thick silk) jacket, with blond (yellow) curly locks of hair reaching the shoulders.[64] In one anecdote, he showed his true form to a maid, who fainted; it was a corpse of a child around three years of age,[q] stabbed in the chest by two knives (cf. fig. right[p]). She fainted and needed to be revived by splashing the pails of water she was instructed to bring.[65] However, the hats and the knife-struck child anecdote is common to the legends of kobolds by other names.

The Lord of the castle who never saw the Hinzelmann succeeded in at least grabbing him, and feeling him to his touch. Hinzelmann's fingers were childlike, and his face was like a skull, without body heat.[66] Pastor Feldmann himself, at the age of 14 or 15, claimed to have borne witness to the Hinzelmann hurriedly running up the steps, and while the figure and its clothing and coloration could be discerned, it seemed more a "transparent shadow (durchsichtigen Schatten) than a right veritable body".[67]

The mementos that the spirit allegedly bequeathed to the lord, first entrusted to the care of his sisters, Anne and Catherine, are also described in detail.[68] Feldmann's book continues on until the 31st chapter, and the Grimms' digest can also be consulted for this remainder. In the end, of the spirit left the premises on its own volition, having stayed the years 1584–1588.[69]

Although the spirit predicted he would return once again after the deaths of two members in the family, this never transpired according to Pastor Feldmann. The Hinzelmann followed Anne and Catherine to Estrup [de] Castle in County of Hoya (in Lüneburg district) in the guise of feather and remained at Estrup until driven out by the lord of the castle, returning from a foreign campaign in service to John III of Sweden.[70][r]

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Hinzelmann appears in the Neil Gaiman novel American Gods, where he protects the town of Lakeside, Wisconsin from economic trouble: in return he enjoys the annual sacrifice of a town's child (though residents remain unaware of the matter). His fictional history describes him as being a god to a tribe of nomads living in the Black Forest before its invasion by the Romans. For the third season of the American Gods television series, the deity was adapted as Ann-Marie Hinzelmann, the local busybody and shop owner portrayed by Julia Sweeney.

Hinzelmann is the primary antagonist of the short piece "A Late Symmer Night's Battle" by Laura Frankos, printed in Turn the Other Chick (ed. Esther Friesner, Baen Books, 2004). He leads an army of kobolds to invade the English fairy kingdom of Oberon and Titania, sometime after the events of A Midsummer Night's Dream.

See also

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Explanatory notes

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  1. ^ Specifically "Heinze" occurs as a mountain-sprite (Berggeist, i.e., gnome) name in Gabriel Rollenhagen's Froschmeuseler.[6]
  2. ^ More typically forms with -chen or -lein suffixes are considered diminutives.
  3. ^ Though Grimm describes katzenveit as a wood-sprite (waldgeist).[6] Weiser-Aall in the HdA cites her own article[13] to class it as house sprite.
  4. ^ katermann is not listed here in the HdA.
  5. ^ Cf. also Wilhelm von Kaulbach (d. 1874) Hinz and copperplate etchings from 1498 edition, e.g., at Das 12te Hauptstück. Wie Hinz, der Kater, vom Könige zu Reineken gefandt, reproduced in Johann Christoph Gottsched ed. (1752)
  6. ^ Just as "renard" stands for "fox" in modern French, due to the popularity of the Reynard Fox fabliau, supplanting the original French word for fox, which was goupil, cognate with Latin vulpēs (whence the adjective "volpine").
  7. ^ The "Heinzelmännchen" is segregated as a category "H. Literary name" for a kobold in the HdA,[14] as already noted.
  8. ^ Cf. full view.
  9. ^ This is contradicted by the incident related below which shows the spirit must have been present before the Magdeburg conflict of 1550–1551.
  10. ^ "Herr von H. (Hudemühlen)".[25]
  11. ^ The copperplate illustrations in Feldmann (1704) includes men traveling in coach towards a city.
  12. ^ Cf. The bribe of milk or panada given to other kobolds.
  13. ^ with a "Besenstiel (broom handle)", p. 228.
  14. ^ Carol Rose's "particular affection for the lord's two daughters and frightened away suitors"[56] appears to be in error; Anne and Catherine are given as the Lord's two sisters, while the Lord' daughter named Adelaide is said to have inherited the estate.[57]
  15. ^ Kiesewetter (1890), pp. 69–70 speculates that the two ladies were the mediums communicating with the spirit.
  16. ^ a b Similar artwork is the copperplate (title art to Ch. 18) in Feldmann (1704).
  17. ^ German: dreyen Jahren.
  18. ^ That he wound up in "Estrup im Lande Lüneburg" is also mentioned in the long, full title of the work.

References

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  1. ^ Gask, Lilian (1912). "Chapter IX: The Little White Feather". The Fairies and the Christmas Child. Illustrated by Willy Pogány. London: Harrap & Co., n.d. pp. 175–196.; HTML version @ UPenn digital library
  2. ^ a b Knight ed. (1852), Boys' Own Story-book p. 84 compares Hinzelmann to a composite of Orthon and Robin Goodfellow, on p. 84, the latter is "alias Puck".
  3. ^ Kiesewetter (1890), pp. 9–10.
  4. ^ Kiesewetter (1890), p. 10, citing Feldmann (1704), p. 23ff.
  5. ^ a b Handwörterbuch des Deutschen Aberglaubens, Walter de Gruyter (1974), s.v. "Kobld", Band 5: 26–31ff. Reprint (1987), p. 5: 29ff
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Grimm, Jacob (1883). "XVII. Wights and Elves §Elves, Dwarves". Teutonic Mythology. Vol. 2. Translated by James Steven Stallybrass. W. Swan Sonnenschein & Allen. p. 503.: (in German): Grimm (1875) Kap. XVII. Wichte und Elbe: Tatrman, Deutsche Mythologie, 4te Ausgabe, 1: 416–417
  7. ^ Lexer (1878). "kóbolt, kobólt", Mittelhochdeutsches Handwörterbuch
  8. ^ Hugo von Trimberg (1909). Ehrismann, Gustav [in German] (ed.). Der Renner. Bibliothek des Literarischen Vereins in Stuttgart 248. Vol. 2. Tübingen: Carl Flemming. pp. 60, 37.
  9. ^ Ehrismann ed. (1908) 1: 208
  10. ^ The didactic poem Der Renner by Hugo von Trimberg. Grimm and Lexer's dictionary cite Renner at v. 10843 "kobülde unde katirman" in the Frankfurt MS.[7] This is wanting in Ehrismann's critical ed, (1909) which gives at v. 10884 "kobolde und taterman" var, kattirmar B; v, 10818 katt'marn B,[8] and v. 5011 kobülde F.[9]
  11. ^ "verkleinurung von Heinrich",[6]
  12. ^ Grimm follows with the example of "Chimke" as diminutiv von Joachim", and such names are listed as category E "Kosenamen" in the HdA, pp. 32–33. The Heinze- related names are classed as "C. Beast/cat-shape" names, except for Heinzelmännchen "H. Literary names" in the HdA.[5]
  13. ^ a b NdZfVk. 4. 3, i.e., Weiser-Aall, Lily (1926). "Germanische Hausgeister und Kobolde". Niederdeutsche Zeitschrift für Volkskunde. 4.
  14. ^ a b c Weiser-Aall, Lily (1987) [1933]. "Kobold". In Bächtold-Stäubli, Hanns [in German]; Hoffmann-Krayer, Eduard (eds.). Handwörterbuch des Deutschen Aberglaubens. Vol. Band 5 Knoblauch-Matthias. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 31–33. ISBN 3-11-011194-2.
  15. ^ Kühnau Sagen 2, 58., i.e., Kühnau, Richard [in German], ed. (1911). "719. Die Satzemsuse im Wigstadtl. Satzichkater, Satzichziege, Rilpen". Schlesiens volkstümliche überlieferungen: Schlesische sagen. Vol. 2. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner. pp. 57–58.; reprinted from: Peter, Anton [in German], ed. (1867). "Die Satzemsuse im Wigstadtl. Satzichkater, Satzichziege, Rilpen". Volksthümliches aus Österreichisch-Schlesien: Sagen und Märchen, Bräuche und Volksaberglauben. Vol. 2. Troppau: Selbstverl. des Hrsg. p. 22.
  16. ^ Hinz, Hinzelmann, Heinz, Kunz, Veit, Katzenveit Bullerkater,[14]: 39) [13] Satzigkater, Satigzieger[14]: 40)  [Satzichkater, Satzichziege][15]
  17. ^ Lohmeyer, Julius [in German]; Bormann, Edwin, eds. (1881) [1880]. Reineke Fuchs: ein heiteres Kinderbuch. Illustrated by Fedor Flinzer (2 ed.). Glogau: Carl Flemming. p. 6.
  18. ^ Kluge, Friedrich; Seebold, Elmar, eds. (2012) [1899]. "Hinz und Kunz". Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (25 ed.). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 418. ISBN 9783110223651.
  19. ^ Etymologisches Wörterbuch s.v. "Hinz und Kunz".[18]
  20. ^ The connection of Hinze[lmann] to the wearing of boots and Puss-in-Boots is argued by Grimm.[6]
  21. ^ Kluge, Friedrich; Seebold, Elmar, eds. (2012) [1899]. "Heinzelmännchen". Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (25 ed.). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 406. ISBN 9783110223651.
  22. ^ Grimms, ed. (1816). "75. Hinzelmann". Deutsche Sagen. Vol. 1. Berlin: Nicolai. pp. 103–128.
  23. ^ Grimm (1852). "Hinzelmann". In Knight, Charles (ed.). The Boys' Own Story-book, by the Best Authors. London: George Routledge & sons. pp. 88–90.
  24. ^ Grimms (1816) DS No. 75 "Hinzelmann"[22] Translated by Keightley (1828), pp. 42–67; Keightley (1850), pp. 240–254. Also revised and reprinted in Boys.. (1852) ed. Knight.[23]
  25. ^ a b c Lombroso, Cesare (1909). "Ch. 11. Spukhäuser §7. Familien, denen von Geistern Ratschläge erteilt werden". Hypnotistische und spiritistische Forschungen. Stuttgart: Julius Hoffmann. pp. 331–333ff., Reprint (2012)
  26. ^ a b Keightley (1850), p. 240.
  27. ^ Feldmann (1704) Cap. III. Von des Geistes Vorgeben, woher er sey, und was er vor einen Namen habe, p. 35
  28. ^ Verified in 1704 book.[27]
  29. ^ Watzlik, Hans [in German] (1921). "Ein Landsmann". Böhmerwald-Sagen. Böhmerwäldler Dorfbücher 5. Illustrated by Toni Schönecker. Budweis: Verlag Anst. "Moldavia". pp. 89–90.
  30. ^ Böhmerwald as specific geographical location is clearly given by Hans Watzlik [de][29] (cf. also Lombroso[25]). Grimm refers to both mountains "böhmischen Gebürg" and forest "Böhmer-Walde" and is followed by Keightley,[26] but the Boys' Own Story-book version omits "mountain".
  31. ^ title art to Cap. XII. Hintzelmann ist ein fleissiger Aufseher auf die Hausshaltung, p. 126, shown right. Cf. also Feldmann(1704)-Hinzelmann-p023a-Hinzelmann-mit-Flügeln.jpg, the title art to Cap. II. Von der Situation des Schlosses Hudemühlen, auch von der Wohnung der Gespenster, p. 23.
  32. ^ Grimms (1816), pp. 104–106; Keightley (1850), pp. 240–242; Kiesewetter (1890), p. 14; Feldmann (1704) Cap. IV. Von Hintzelmanns Verstellung in eine weisse Feder, pp. 51–55.
  33. ^ Keightley (1850), p. 243; Kiesewetter (1890), p. 69; Feldmann (1704) Cap. XI. pp. 127–130 "Hintzelmann ist ein fleißiger Aufseher auf die Hausshaltung".
  34. ^ Grimm & Stallybrass tr. (1883), p. 503, n4
  35. ^ Keightley (1850), p. 243; Grimm emphasizes that the Hinzelmann leaves depression as if a cat has lain in it.[34]
  36. ^ Feldmann (1704), pp. 108–109.
  37. ^ Feldmann (1704), p. 86: "Deckbette.. eine kleine Grube als wenn ein kliener Hund darinn gelegen"
  38. ^ Feldmann (1704): "Bettstatt.. nur.. ein kleines Grüfftlein gleich ob eine Katze darinn gelegen";[36] though Feldmann's book earlier says the sprite leaves a depression in the Deckbette as if a "small dog has lain in it".[37]
  39. ^ Keightley (1850), pp. 241, 243; Kiesewetter (1890), p. 68; Feldmann (1704) Cap. X, pp. 108–110: "Schüssel voll süsser Milch worinnen weiß Brodt gebrocket.. und auf seinen Tisch stellen mussen."
  40. ^ Bechstein (1853), p. 238: That "the Hinzelmann licked it clean like a kitten lapping up its little bowl das leckte und schleckte der Hinzelmann so rein aus wie ein Kätzlein sein Schüsselchen" appears to be an embellishment.
  41. ^ Keightley (1850), p. 242.
  42. ^ Keightley (1850), p. 243; Grimms (1816), p. 108: "Ortgieß läßt du mick hier gan /.."; Feldmann (1704) Cap. XXV, p. 285 "Der Geist Hintzelmann machet Knüttel-Verse".
  43. ^ Kiesewetter (1890), p. 120.
  44. ^ Feldmann says he was a capable clerk and later died as mayor of Winsen an der Luhe.Kiesewetter (1890), p. 117
  45. ^ Keightley (1850), p. 250; Kiesewetter (1890), p. 117; Feldmann (1704) Cap. XX. pp. 224–238, "Hintzelmann straffet einen Schreiber ab/ wegen seiner Hoffart und Courtesie"
  46. ^ Kiesewetter (1890), p. 117; Feldmann (1704) Cap. XXIII. pp. 267–269 "Von des Hintzelmann Scheinheiligkeit und Gefang".
  47. ^ Grimms (1816), pp. 106–108; Keightley (1850), pp. 242–243
  48. ^ Grimms (1816), pp. 109–110; Keightley (1850), pp. 244–245
  49. ^ Keightley (1850), p. 244; Kiesewetter (1890), p. 117; Feldmann (1704) Cap. XIX., pp. 212–216 "Cap. XIX. Hintzelmann hetzet eine Gesellschaft aneinander"
  50. ^ Keightley (1850), p. 249; Kiesewetter (1890), pp. 67–68; Feldmann (1704) Cap. IX., pp. 98–100 "Hintzelmann warnet einen vor einem küntfftigen Unglück"
  51. ^ Keightley (1850), pp. 249–250; Feldmann (1704) Cap. XIII, pp. 142–144 "Hintzelmann drauet einem Edelmann ein Unglück"
  52. ^ Kiesewetter (1890), p. 69 and n ***)
  53. ^ Feldmann (1704) Cap. XXII. pp. 248-250 "Ein junger Edelmann vermeinet den Hintzelmann zu fangen", Kiesewetter (1890), p. 118; Keightley (1850), p. 245
  54. ^ Cap. VII, pp. 85–86 "zweene Adeliche Fräulein auf Nahmens Anna und Catharina.. wenn sie über Land reiseten.. begleitete sie in Gestalt einer weissen Feder allenthalben", et ff.
  55. ^ Kiesewetter (1890), pp. 65–66, 69–70; Keightley (1850), pp. 248–249
  56. ^ Rose, Carol (1996) "Hinzelmann", Spirits, Fairies, Leprechauns, and Goblins: An Encyclopedia, pp. 151–152: ""
  57. ^ Keightley (1850), pp. 253–254.
  58. ^ Feldmann (1704) Cap. V. "Gesalt gleich einer schwartzen Marder zur Thur hinaus", pp. 69–70; quote: "auf einer wüster Bett statt eine in einen runden Winckel zusammen gewundene grosse Schlange", p. 70
  59. ^ Grimms (1816), pp. 110–111; Keightley (1850), pp. 244–245; Kiesewetter (1890), p. 64
  60. ^ Grimms (1816), pp. 109–110; Keightley (1850), pp. 245–246; Kiesewetter (1890), p. 65; Feldmann (1704) Cap. V. Wie man den Hintzelmann mit Gewalt hat vertreiben wollen pp. 68–72
  61. ^ Feldmann (1704) Cap. XI, Hintzelmann rächet sich an einem/ der von ihm übels redet. pp. 121–
  62. ^ Grimms (1816), pp. 113–114; Keightley (1850), p. 247; Kiesewetter (1890), pp. 68–69; Feldmann (1704) Cap. XI. pp. 124–125 "Hintzelmann rächet sich an eineme eder von ihm übels redet"
  63. ^ Bechstein (1853), p. 236.
  64. ^ Keightley (1850), p. 253; Fedmann (1704) Cap. XXIV. "Hintzelmann läst sich von den kleinen Kindern sehen / und von einem Narren" 272–274, quotes: "gelben.. krausen Haaren"; "rothen Samitten Rock"; Kiesewetter (1890), p. 119: "Gestalt eines kleinen vierjährigen Knaben in rothem Sammtrock mit blonden, über die Schultern herabfallenden Haaren"; Bechstein (1853), p. 240: "gelbes Lockenhaar, [usw.]".
  65. ^ Keightley (1850), p. 252; Bechstein (1853), p. 240; Kiesewetter (1890), pp. 116–117; Feldmann (1704) Cap. XVIII. pp. 195, 197–200 "Die Küchin verlanget vom Hintzelmann daß er sich von ihr soll sehen lassen".
  66. ^ Keightley (1850), pp. 251–252; Kiesewetter (1890), pp. 119–120; Cap. XXIV pp. 275–277
  67. ^ Keightley (1850), pp. 252–253; Kiesewetter (1890), p. 121; Cap. XXV, pp. 293–294
  68. ^ Keightley (1850), pp. 253–254; Kiesewetter (1890), pp. 121–122; Cap. XXVI. pp. 300–307 "Der Geist Hintzelmann theilet Geschenke aus"
  69. ^ Grimms (1816), p. 127; Keightley (1850), p. 254; Cap. XXXI. Der Geist Hintzelmann wird übel angesehn/ und weichet endlich hinweg, pp. 370ff
  70. ^ Kiesewetter (1890), p. 122; Feldmann (1704), pp. 323–379.
Bibliography
  • Keightley, Thomas (1828). "Hinzelmann". The Fairy Mythology, in Two Volumes. Vol. 2. London: William Harrison Ainsworth. pp. 42–67.
    • —— (1850). "Hinzelmann". The Fairy Mythology, Illustrative of the Romance and Superstition of Various Countries. London: H. G. Bohn. pp. 240–254.
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