Hemerobaptists
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Hemerobaptists (Heb. Tovelei Shaḥarit; "Morning Bathers") were a minor Jewish sect and a subsect of the Essenes.[1][2] The most important feature of the Hemerobaptists is the common use of baptism. Hemerobaptists would baptize every day, rather than once and for all. Baptism was performed before praying every morning in order to be able to pronounce the Name of God with a clean body.[3][4] In the Clementine Homilies (ii. 23), John the Baptist and his disciples are mentioned as Hemerobaptists. John's followers may later have been absorbed into the Christian church although some may have gone to the Mandaeans in lower Mesopotamia.[3] The Mandaeans have been associated with the Hemerobaptists on account of both practicing frequent baptism and Mandaeans believing they are disciples of John the Baptist.[5][6][7]
Hemerobaptists are part of the minor Jewish sects, including the Bana'im and the Maghāriya.[3]
Historical references
Hegesippus mentions seven sects of the Jews, one of them was the Hemerobaptists.[8] The sect was also mentioned by Justin Martyr referring to them as "baptizers."[3]
References
- ^ Dorff, Elliot N.; Rossett, Arthur (2012-02-01). Living Tree, A: The Roots and Growth of Jewish Law. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-0142-3.
- ^ Stuckenbruck, Loren T.; Gurtner, Daniel M. (2019-12-26). T&T Clark Encyclopedia of Second Temple Judaism Volume Two. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-567-66095-4.
- ^ a b c d "Minor Sects". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 2022-04-12.
- ^ Stuckenbruck, Loren T.; Gurtner, Daniel M. (2019-12-26). T&T Clark Encyclopedia of Second Temple Judaism Volume Two. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-567-66095-4.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 257.
- ^ Drower, Ethel Stefana (1953). The Haran Gawaita and the Baptism of Hibil-Ziwa. Biblioteca Apostolica Vatican.
- ^ Kohler, Kaufmann. "Hemerobaptists". Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ^ Ferguson, Everett (2009-03-23). Baptism in the Early Church: History, Theology, and Liturgy in the First Five Centuries. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-2748-7.