Oleg Cassini

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Oleg Cassini
Born April 11, 1913(1913-04-11)
Paris, France
Died March 17, 2006(2006-03-17) (aged 92)[1]
Manhasset, New York, U.S.
Nationality American
Occupation Fashion Designer
Spouse Mary "Merry" Fahrney (1938-1940)
Gene Tierney (1941-1953)
Marianne Nestor (1971-2006)
Children Antoinette"Daria" Cassini
Christina "Tina" Loiewski Cassini

Oleg Cassini (April 11, 1913 – March 17, 2006[1]) was born a Count and is a French-born American fashion designer. Cassini dressed numerous stars creating some of the most memorable moments in international fashion and film. With his designs for Jacqueline Kennedy he garnered admiration and even awe, for American fashion design.

Oleg Cassini’s designs for the First Lady, ‘The Jackie Look’ are recognized as being the "single biggest fashion influence in history" by film costume designer, Edith Head. Cassini's contemporary designs such as the A-Line, Sheath and the Empire Strapless continue to remain influential and predominant today.[2].

His passions including sports and Native American culture fueled his work with freshness and imagination, creating innovative looks fueled by his very personal feeling that: "To be well dressed is a little like being in love."[2].

Contents

[edit] Early life

He was born in Paris as Oleg Cassini Loiewski, the elder son of Countess Marguerite Cassini and her husband, Count Alexander Loiewski. His father was a Russian diplomat, and his maternal grandfather, Arthur Paul Nicholas Cassini, Marquis de Capuzzuchi di Bologna,[1] Count Cassini, was the Russian ambassador to the United States during the administrations of William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. In 1918, the violence of the Russian Revolution caused the family to flee for their lives, leaving behind their wealth, lands, homes, nationality and a long lineage which traced back to astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini.[3] Cassini recounts seeing his cousin shot in front of him during this time. The family arrived in Denmark, under the Ambassadorial station of Cassini's father, then, to Switzerland.[3] The Greek Royal family invited the Cassini family to Greece.[3] Cassini recounts that on the way to Greece, the train stops in Italy, where newspapers headline the revolution in Greece.[3] The family remained in Italy, settling in Florence.[3]

In his early youth, he suffered a major accident, almost lost his leg, and spent a year in bed recovering, studying history and reading books, authors like James Fenimore Cooper, and developing his love for history and the mysticism of Native American Indian tribes.[3] He discovered American culture through the American movies playing during this time in Italy. [3] He would later quip, "The American Cowboy is the best dressed man." [3]

Oleg goes to school and has to learn to speak Italian.[3] At that time, Oleg only spoke French, Russian and Danish.[3] Oleg is quoted on the subject, “I had to adjust from caviar to linguini”.[3] Mother, Marguerite Cassini founded her fashion house in Florence with many of the American clients she retained from her days in Washington as the daughter of the Russian Ambassador.[3]

Cassini played soccer with the teenage team, the 'Boys' of Fiorentina, was on the university track team and skied on the university team with childhood friend, designer, Emilio Pucci, as well as played tennis for the Italian Jr. Davis Cup team becoming Italian Jr. Champion.[3]

[edit] Education

Cassini went on to become an accomplished equestrian and studied Political Science at the University of Florence.[3] He went on to study fine art at the Accademia di Belle Arti Firenze, studying under Giorgio de Chirico and eventually gravitated to his mother’s career, fashion, when he studied under the French couturier, Jean Patou. He won a number of international fashion competitions in Turin including five first prizes in Mostra Della Moda for sketches and Most Creative Presentation, (an evening dress painted in dramatic colors on silver foil - 5000 lire prize).[3] . Cassini opened his own boutique in Rome and designed for films (shot in Rome) as well as Roman society.[3]

[edit] Move to America

Oleg became engaged to a debutante in Rome, Anna Donnina Toeplitz, and subsequently left for America after winning a duel.[3] Oleg sailed to America on the Saturnia and arrived in New York Christmas Day 1936.[3] His autobiography describes his possessions upon arrival in America as being limited to a tuxedo, two tennis rackets, a title and talent. [3]

Cassini briefly worked as a political cartoonist in Washington DC upon his arrival prior to traveling to Hollywood CA. [3]

[edit] Career

[edit] Hollywood California

Upon Arriving in California, Cassini began playing tennis at the West Side Tennis Club.[3] After competing in and winning a doubles tournament, his partner from the tournament introduced himself as the head of Paramount Pictures who was, "looking for another designer". [3] Cassini brought his sketches to the studio the next day and got the job as a full designer for Paramount Pictures. [3] In 1941, his first film was “I Wanted Wings”, creating the look for its star, newcomer, Veronica Lake[3].

Among the films Cassini costumed for were The Shanghai Gesture, a 1941 film by Josef von Sternberg, which starred actress Gene Tierney. Cassini costumes appeared in The Razor’s Edge (1946), The Ghost and Mrs. Muir (1947), That Wonderful Urge (1948), Whirlpool (1949), Night and the City (1950), Where the Sidewalk Ends (1950), in which Cassini appeared as a fashion designer, as well as The Mating Season, Close to My Heart, and On the Riviera (all 1951).

Cassini also designed for other Hollywood movies including Say it in Russian (2007) for Faye Dunaway, Rampage (1963), The Ambushers (1967) for Dean Martin and The Sentinel (2006) for Kim Basinger among many others.[4]

Cassini worked for the major film studios and dressed numerous movie stars and celebrities over the course of his career including Rita Hayworth, Joan Crawford, Marilyn Monroe, Natalie Wood, Ursula Andress, Jayne Mansfield, Sandra Dee, Suzy Parker, Gina Lollobrigida, Renee Zellweger, Malin Akerman, Kim Basinger and Taylor Swift.[3] [5]

OC with dressed multitudes.

[edit] World War II

After Pearl Harbor, Oleg quickly enlisted in the war effort. Cassini took United States citizenship and became a First Lieutenant in the United States Army during World War II at Fort Riley, Kansas. After serving five years in the U.S. Cavalry during World War II, with Ronald Reagan, First Lieutenant Cassini returned to New York in 1952 to open his own fashion house on Seventh Avenue.[3] According to the The New York Times, initially, he joined the United States Coast Guard, but he later served in the U.S. Army as a cavalry officer. [1]

[edit] New York, New York

After the war, Cassini designed ready-to-wear dresses while continuing to design for television, motion pictures, and Broadway theatre.[3] According to his Autobiography, Jack Warner offered Cassini the position of head of design for Warner Brothers Pictures proclaiming, "You're better than Errol Flynn".[3] Cassini remained in New York rather than work with Warner Brothers and opened his own designer brand. [3] Cassini had enough money to launch one line, his first Collection, which was received with rave reviews.[3] Head of Lord and Taylor, Dorothy Shaver provided the Oleg Cassini Collection the entirety of the stores Fifth Avenue store front windows to launch the collection. [3] Cassini also took his designs "on the road" to his customers in trunk shows and special fashion events in order to promote the new line.[3] The travelling in store events evolved into the emerging medium of television and Cassini displayed his product on Steve Allen, Jack Paar, Dinah Shore, Phil Donahue, and Good Morning America. [3] Notably, the The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson provided nightly recognition as Mr. Carson had a line designed for him that he would wear exclusively for the show. [6]

His reputation developed as a result of his genius for original spontaneous design and in 1953, shortly before her marriage to John Kennedy, Cassini met Jacqueline Bouvier, named by his brother, society columnist Cholly Knickerbocker as "Queen Deb of the Year" in 1947. [3]

[edit] Secretary of style to the White House

“Oleg, you are, and will be in fashion history, the designer who created the indelible and stylish image for the First Lady. You should be proud of your achievement, you are the designer who inaugurated her style.” - Suzy Menkes Fashion Editor; International Herald Tribune, 2003.[7].

Cassini’s appointment by Jacqueline Kennedy as her exclusive couturier in 1961 dubbed him her "Secretary of Style" and provided him a position of prestige.[8] “We are on the threshold of a new American elegance thanks to Mrs. Kennedy’s beauty, naturalness, understatement, exposure and symbolism,” Cassini said when his selection as the couturier to shape the entire look of the First Lady was announced.

"I dressed Jackie to be a star in a major film, which she was, the most famous first lady of all time. I became her secretary of style".

— Cassini on Jackie Kennedy[8]

Utilizing the technique and high fashion fabrics of French Couture, Cassini’s unique designs for Jacqueline Kennedy ushered in a new era of timeless simplicity based on clean lines and crisp forms and opulent and luxurious fabrics.[8] Cassini brought American design to the world stage as the First Lady’s identity became synonymous with sophistication and taste.[8] The “Jackie look” that he created was copied by women all over the world.[8] Cassini visualized her as an American Queen and as Mrs. Kennedy said herself, “Oleg dressed me for the part”.[8]

Cassini Dances with a Kennedy.

The publicity that Cassini's work for Mrs. Kennedy received led women from 18 to 80 to copy the look of simple, geometric dresses in sumptuous fabrics and pillbox hats with an elegant coiffure. Meticulously tailored and featuring oversized buttons and boxy jackets, as well as occasionally dramatic décolletage. Cassini designed a reported 300 outfits for the First Lady, including a much-copied coat made of leopard pelts and a Swiss double satin in white gown decorated by a single cocarde which she wore the Inaugural Gala Ball in 1961.[8] This was Mrs. Kennedy's first official appearance as First Lady Elect.[8] The ball was hosted by Frank Sinatra.[8] The dress was subsequently named one of the "50 Dresses that Changed the World" by the design museum in England.[9] In 1961, Eugenia Sheppard announced in the New York Herald Tribune "According to Tobe's most recent coast to coast survey, the best known name in American fashion is Oleg Cassini."[8]

"Oleg Cassini's remarkable talent helped Jackie and the New Frontier get off to a magnificent start. Thier historic collaboration gave us memorable changes in fashion, and style classics that remain timeless to this day."

— Senator Edward Kennedy on Cassini quote abridged[8]

“All I remember about those days are nerves, and Jackie on the phone ‘Hurry, hurry, Oleg, I’ve got nothing to wear’,” he wrote in his 1995 book, A Thousand Days of Magic: Dressing Jacqueline Kennedy for the White House. His designs were shown at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2001 in its exhibit Jacqueline Kennedy: The White House Years, which was curated by Vogue’s European editor-at-large, Hamish Bowles. In 1966 the Philadelphia Inquirer reported polling results indicating Cassini as the best known designer in America and stated, "At the moment, there are actually only two fashion labels, Christian Dior and Oleg Cassini which are widely known." [8]

[edit] Designer licensing

Cassini in the 1974 AMC Matador showing some of the interior trim he designed

Oleg Cassini is considered the father and innovator of designer licensing.[10] Cassini said he took his inspiration from Leonardo de Vinci. Cassini was the recipient of a Doctorate of Fine Arts, in 1989,[11] According to his autobiography, the Cassini design rationale is: By putting his name and his magic touch on everything from fashion to fragrance, Cassini has given millions of Americans a little bit of aristocracy to call their own. Oleg Cassini, a minimalist designer, always felt that "Simplicity is perfection", and that "Clothing is an envelope for the body", using classic shapes and forms to highlight women’s beauty.[3]

His name adorned everything from luggage to nail polish, as well as a special luxurious trim package available on coupé versions of the 1974 and 1975 AMC Matador automobile.[12] Outside, striping, rub rails, wheel covers and a crest mark the Matador as Cassini's."[13] Available only in black, white, or copper exterior paints, Cassini himself helped promote the car in AMC's advertising.[14] The special Oleg Cassini Matador was positioned in the popular and highly competitive "personal luxury car" market segment at that time.[15]

The Oleg Cassini Brand he designed has been worn by many celebrities including Rita Hayworth, Nancy Kwan, Joan Crawford, Marilyn Monroe,Grace Kelly, Natalie Wood, Ursula Andress, Jayne Mansfield, Sandra Dee, Suzy Parker,Gina Lollobrigida, Renee Zellweger, Malin Akerman and Taylor Swift.[3][2].

[edit] Activities, milestones, and awards

In 1960, with his brother, society columnist, Igor, opens Le Club, which becomes the number one private club in the world with members, Gianni Agnelli, Maharajah of Jaipur, Stavros Niarchos, Aristotle Onassis, and Ray Stark.[16] In 1960 Oleg Cassini is named personal couturier by First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, launching the Jackie look in 1961.He was awarded the Chicago Gold Coast Award for Excellence in Design. In 1962, he is awarded the National Cystic Fibrosis Distinguished Service Citation.[3].

In 1967, he created deep tonal shirts for men adding special colors where there had only been white. The sales of dress shirts raised dramatically, and the look is launched on the NBC Tonight Show with Johnny Carson. Oleg signed Johnny Carson the first celebrity model and created the "Johnny Carson" line of Men's suits.[17] In 1968, the Peacock Revolution is hailed by Newsweek, wherein Cassini is credited with leading a revolution in men's fashion worldwide.[18] Nehru suits, The Blazer Look, The Blue Jean Look, The Western Look, The Battle Jacket Suit, and the Turtleneck with Tuxedo are subsequently launched by Peter Lawford modeling the look on the national tv show, TheMike DouglasShow. In 1968, Cassini returned to Italy and created Italian print collections and in 1969, he is awarded the Award Eccellenza in Disegno Milano, Italia. Cassini was often featured personally in advertisements for his fashion line.

In 2003 The Council of Fashion Designers of America Board of Directors noted Cassini's extraordinary design achievements with their first ever, Board of Directors Special Tribute. The presentation was made to Oleg by President Stan Herman and Diane von Furstenberg.[19]

"Better than most - second to none".

— Oleg Cassini Personal Motto[20].

[edit] Sportsman pursuits

Oleg Cassini excelled at tennis and competed seriously since his early days as a ranked Italian Junior Davis Cup player.[21] His skill at tennis led to a fortunate design connection. Recounted in his autobiography, newly arrived in Hollywood, Cassini would play tennis at the prestigious West Side Tennis Club which led to a doubles game with the head of Paramount Pictures.[21] Decades later, Cassini also created collections of printed and multi color tennis wear, bringing 'color to the court'. He is noted for having outfitted the US Davis Cup team and for participating in celebrity pro-am tournaments such as the Alan King Tournament and the RFK Tournament 1976. Cassini also participated and won the 5th Annual RFK Pro Celebrity Tennis Tournament in 1976. The silver winner’s cup was presented to him personally by Jackie Kennedy Onassis.[22]

Cassini competed professionally in the sport of Harness Racing. In 1985 he earned a professional harness racer license and won races at the Meadowlands Raceway, Yonkers Raceway, Freehold Raceway, Monticello Raceway and Roosevelt Raceway. [21] Cassini received awards in recognition of his efforts to support equine charities from "HORSE" and "The Equine Society" which recognized Cassini with its Man of the year award.[21]

[edit] Humanitarian recognition

Oleg Cassini was known as a lover of animals and an advocate of animal welfare. Among his humanitarian awards, Oleg Cassini received the special James Herriot Award (All Creatures Great and Small) as the Man of the Year from the Humane Society of the United States. Cassini was lauded for his work and care for animals by the Humane Society of the USA - HSUS. He created collections of manmade fashion fur: 'evolutionary furs'.[23] In 1999, Oleg was awarded the Humanitarian Award at a fashion show and Gala at the National Building Museum in Washington DC, honorary chairpersons Eunice Shriver and Senator Ted Kennedy, show hosted by Montel Williams. Among the 40 models were movie starTippi Hedren.[24] In his own words "What we're designing is as elegant and attractive as fur and eliminates the enormous cruelty that goes on in the killing of animals for fur."

Cassini was named an honorary member of the Chickasaw and Navajo nations in 1981 due to his fund raising and organization of gala charity events for the tribes. [25] In addition to organizing events, Cassini participated on The 64,000 Dollar Question donating $32,000 in winnings to the tribal charities.

[edit] Media Books and Television

An author of best selling books, “In My Own Fashion"[3], “A Thousand Days of Magic - Dressing Jacqueline Kennedy for the White House”[26] a visually beautiful book which is a tribute to Jacqueline Kennedy and reflects the magical period of Camelot and the "Jackie Look", and "Oleg Cassini – The Wedding Dress"[2]. Oleg Cassini appeared on hundreds of television shows worldwide in many languages and also hosted a special 13 part TV series, Conversations with Cassini, on the Arts & Entertainment Network. Some of the guest stars were: Senator Ted Kennedy, Bob Hope, Anthony Quinn, Ilie Nastase, Martina Navratilova, Bo Derek, Angie Dickenson, George Hamilton, Kenny Rogers, Alan King and Telly Savalas.[27]

[edit] Personal life

Before moving from Italy to the United States Cassini was connected with debutante Donnina Toepitz, later Donnina Cicogna.

On September 2, 1938, in Elkton, Maryland (a Russian Orthodox ceremony took place in New York City on September 16), Cassini became the husband of Mary “Merry” Fahrney. The couple divorced in 1940.

Cassini's second wife was the American actress Gene Tierney, whom he married on June 2, 1941.[28] The couple's first daughter was Antoinette Daria Cassini (born October 15, 1943), who was born mentally retarded, due to her mother's bout during pregnancy with German measles. The Couple separated October 20, 1946 and entered into a property settlement agreement November 10, 1946.[28] Tierney won an uncontested divorce in California on March 13, 1947 and a finalized divorce March 13, 1948. It was reported by the Los Angeles Times that the couple reconciled April 19, 1948 but did not remarry.[28] A second daughter, Christina "Tina" Cassini was born November 19, 1948. Another divorce action was filed in Los Angeles, California, on February 28, 1952, with Tierney declaring her husband cared more about his tennis game than about her; the final decree was granted on April 8, 1953.[29]

After his divorce from Tierney, Cassini dated and was engaged to Grace Kelly.[30] He and Tierney remained friends until her death in November, 1991 when she bequeathed one dollar to her daughter Daria.[31] Cassini was quoted as saying both, “Gene is the luckiest, unlucky girl in the world, all of her dreams came true, at a cost.” [32]

Christina Cassini, 61, sued on behalf of herself and disabled sister Daria Cassini in 2007 to get 25 percent each of the designer's $50 million estate. Marianne Nestor, Cassini's third wife, was left the bulk of the estate, and runs Oleg Cassini Inc. She moved to block the suit, but Nassau County Surrogate Court Judge John B. Riordan denied the motion.[33][34]

[edit] Death

Cassini died from complications of an aneurysm in Manhasset, New York, in 2006. He was survived by his third wife Marianne Nestor,[35] his two children, and four grandchildren. He was predeceased by his brother, Igor. At the time of his death, Cassini was living in Oyster Bay, New York.

[edit] References

Inline
  1. ^ a b c d Severo, Richard; La Ferla, Ruth (March 19, 2006). "Oleg Cassini, Designer for the Stars and Jacqueline Kennedy, Dies at 92". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/19/fashion/19cassini.html. Retrieved 2011-12-01. 
  2. ^ a b c d Cassini, Oleg (2011). The Wedding Dress. Rizzoli. p. 304. ISBN 0847832805. 
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Cassini, Oleg (1987). In my Own Fashion. Simon & Schuster. p. 379. ISBN 067162640X. 
  4. ^ Cassini, Oleg. [=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0144312/#CostumeandWardrobeDepartment "IMDB list of films Associated with Oleg Cassini"]. IMDB. IMDB. =http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0144312/#CostumeandWardrobeDepartment. Retrieved 19 February 2012. 
  5. ^ Cassini, Oleg (2011). The Wedding Dress. Rizzoli. ISBN 0847832805. 
  6. ^ Logan, Walter (Dec 21 1970). "Johnny Carson Stylish Tycoon". Schenectady Gazette. http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1917&dat=19701221&id=P3ohAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-YkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2485,6432710. Retrieved 24 February 2012. 
  7. ^ Cassini, Oleg (2011). The Wedding Dress. Rizzoli. ISBN 0847832805. 
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Cassini, Oleg (1995). A Thousand Days of Magic. Rizzoli. ISBN 0847819000. 
  9. ^ 50 Dresses that Changed the World. Conran. 2009. pp. 112. ISBN 1840915382. 
  10. ^ Cassini, Oleg. "Oleg Cassini". Odea Fashion New York. http://www.odeany.com/womenswear-3/oleg-cassini.html. Retrieved 3 February 2012. 
  11. ^ Cassini, Oleg. "Encyclopedia of Brittanica". Encyclopedia of Brittanica Online Volumes. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1220734/Oleg-Cassini. Retrieved 3 February 2012. 
  12. ^ "Oleg Cassini put his special touch to the newest design in automobiles introduced for 1974". http://homepage.mac.com/christopher.z/hobby/Courtesy/_74Coupe.html. Retrieved 2011-12-01. 
  13. ^ Hartford, Bill (October 1973). "Something ole, something new from AMC!". Popular Mechanics 140 (4): 114. http://books.google.com/books?id=idQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA114&dq=Oleg+Cassini+AMC+Matador. Retrieved 2011-12-01. 
  14. ^ Peters, Eric (2011). Road Hogs: Detroit's Big, Beautiful Luxury Performance Cars of the 1960s-70s. Motorbooks. pp. 96–99. ISBN 9780760337646. http://books.google.com/books?id=LKh7qgJ8hT8C&pg=PA96&dq=Oleg+Cassini+AMC+Matador. Retrieved 2011-12-01. 
  15. ^ Gunnell, John (2004). Standard Catalog of Thunderbird: 1955-2004. KP Books. p. 110. ISBN 9780873497565. http://books.google.com/books?id=H091bBCXrH4C&pg=PA110&dq=Oleg+Cassini+AMC+Matador. Retrieved 2011-12-01. 
  16. ^ "Tribute to Le Club". Restaurant Dining Critiques. http://www.restaurantdiningcritiques.com/tribute-to-le-club-closed-new-york-city/. Retrieved 2/10/2012. 
  17. ^ "Oleg Cassini His Influence in Fashion". Vintage Avenue. http://www.vintageavenue.net/clothing-en/news-clothing-en/oleg-cassini-2/. Retrieved 2/10/2012. 
  18. ^ Newsweek (November 25, 1968). "Male Plumage '68". Newsweek. 
  19. ^ "Past Winners of Council of Fashion Designers of America Awards". CDFA Home Page. Council of Fashion Designers of America. http://www.cfda.com/past-winners/. Retrieved 12 February 2012. 
  20. ^ Cassini, Oleg (2011). The Wedding Dress. Rizzoli. ISBN 0847832805. 
  21. ^ a b c d Cassini, Oleg (1987). In my Own Fashion. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 067162640X. 
  22. ^ "Oleg Cassini: Iconic and Enduring". Women's Wear Daily. http://www.wwd.com/media/issues/2006/03/20/issue-81365.pdf. Retrieved 2/10/2012. 
  23. ^ "The Humane Society of the United States". fundinguniverse.com. 2001-01-01. http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/The-Humane-Society-of-the-united-states-company-history.html. Retrieved 2012-01-31. 
  24. ^ "The Humane Society of the United States". hennet.org. 1999-05-31. http://www.hennet.org/apis/summary.php?id=8089. Retrieved 2012-01-31. 
  25. ^ Cassini, Oleg (August 25, 1981). "People in the News" (in English). Eugene Register Guard: p. 8a. http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19810825&id=QBVWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VeIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5267,6887898. Retrieved 20 February 2012. 
  26. ^ Cassini, Oleg (1995). A Thousand Days of Magic. Rizzoli. p. 224. ISBN 0847819000. 
  27. ^ "Conversations with Cassini". Conversations with Cassini. http://www.inbaseline.com/project.aspx?view=AllAlphabeticalCredits&sort=full_name&project_id=4816036. 
  28. ^ a b c Hedda, Hopper (April 9, 1948). "Gene Tierney and Mate Reconciled". Los Angeles Times: p. 2. 
  29. ^ Tierney, pp. 135–45.
  30. ^ Jacobs, Laura (May 2010). "Grace Kelly's Forever Look". Vanity Fair. http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/features/2010/05/grace-kelly-201005. Retrieved 2011-12-01. 
  31. ^ Tierney, Gene. "Will of Gene Tierney". Harris County Public Records. Harris County Public Records. http://www.cclerk.hctx.net/. Retrieved 20 February 2012. 
  32. ^ Gene Tierney: A Shattered Portrait, The Biography Channel 03/26/1999, interview Oleg Cassini.
  33. ^ "Courthouse News Service". Courthousenews.com. 2010-02-18. http://www.courthousenews.com/2010/02/18/24795.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-05. 
  34. ^ Crowley, Kieran (2009-12-21). "Oleg Cassini's daughters from marriage to Gene Tierney take step toward getting a large piece of the designer's estate". NYPOST.com. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/oleg_girl_designs_on_fortune_Z9QSxEGGxne5sA2bOJrc8M. Retrieved 2010-07-05. 
  35. ^ Orth, Maureen (September 2010). "Cassini Royale". Vanity Fair. http://www.vanityfair.com/style/features/2010/09/oleg-cassini-201009. Retrieved 2011-12-01. 
General
  • Ognyan Yordanov (May 2008). "Icon: Oleg Cassini". Wound Magazine (London) (3): 109. ISSN 1755-800X. 
  • "Revokes Fahrney Divorce: Illinois Court Acts in the Case of Woman Rewed Here," The New York Times, October 27, 1938, page 12.
  • "Testifies Against Count: Former Merry Fahrney Tells of Seeing Husband in Hotel," The New York Times, January 30, 1940, page 3; "Countess Heard in Suit: Heiress Denies She Bought Clothes for Another Man," The New York Times, January 31, 1940, page 12; "Cassini Divorce Weighed: Two Maids of Countess Heard as Testimony Is Completed," The New York Times, February 1, 1940, page 19.
  • According to the Los Angeles Times, March 18, 2006, Merry Fahrney was married and divorced nine times. Cassini's obituary in Fashion Wire Daily, however, stated that Fahrney was married and divorced eight times.
  • Horwell, Veronica, "Oleg Cassini," The Guardian, March 20, 2006.

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