Areas of national forest in Japan
Protected Forests (保護林 , Hogo-rin ) are areas of national forest in Japan so designated in an effort to conserve biodiversity . Japan's Protected Forest system includes three categories of protected forests: Forest Biosphere Reserves; Biotic Community Protection Forests; and Rare Population Protection Forests. Some of these national forests are linked by a network of Green Corridors that are also included in the system. Established in 1915, the system was overhauled in 2015 and expanded in 2019.
Background
Forests cover approximately two-thirds of Japan, extending over some 25,000,000 hectares (62,000,000 acres); of this, according to the Forestry Agency (林野庁 ) , c.54% is classed as "natural forest", "planted forest" comprising most of the remainder.[ 1] In terms of ownership, 58% of all forest is in private hands, state-owned "national forests" (ja ) represent 30%, with the remaining 12% otherwise publicly owned, by prefectural and municipal governments, etc.[ 1]
Forest conservation measures have a long history in the country: according to the Yōrō Code of 718, "the benefits of mountain, river, grove, and marsh are for government and people alike", with two clauses prohibiting cultivation in the mountains and encouraging the planting of trees along riverbanks and beside dams to counter erosion, while in Kasugayama Primeval Forest (春日山原始林 ) in Nara , tree-felling and hunting have been forbidden since 841.[ 2] [ 3]
Currently, forests are protected under a number of different systems and laws: as Natural Parks under the Natural Parks Act, Nature Conservation Areas under the Nature Conservation Act, Wildlife Protection Areas under the Wildlife Protection and Hunting Management Act, Natural Habitat Conservation Areas under the Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Act, Special Seed Tree Forests (特別母樹林 ) under the Forestry Seeds and Seedlings Act (林業種苗法 ) , Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty, and Natural Monuments under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties —and as Protected Forests and Green Corridors.[ 1] [ 4]
Protected Forests date back to an ordinance of Taishō 4 (1915), with the first such forest established the following year, in Kamikōchi .[ 5] [ 6] By 1932, there were 93 Protected Forests covering a combined area of 110,000 hectares (270,000 acres).[ 5] Demand for timber increased with post-war reconstruction, and the area protected had significantly decreased by the late 1950s and continued to fall through the 1960s.[ 5] In 1972, the Forestry Agency issued a new Protected Forest management plan, and in 1973 the area under protection increased 150%.[ 5] By 1988, there were 795 Protected Forests, covering an area of 166,800 hectares (412,000 acres).[ 5] In 1991, the National Forest Regulations were completely overhauled, with a renewed focus on function and use rather than classification based on species—the four types identified were National Land Conservation Forest, Natural Maintenance Forest, Space Utilization Forest, and Wood Production Forest—and in 2001 the Forests and Forestry Basic Act (森林・林業基本法 ) was fully revised in line with international trends towards sustainability; the nation's basic forestry strategy and management plan are developed in accordance with this Act.[ 1] [ 5]
In 2015, a century after their institution, the Protected Forest system was revised, with the categories reduced from seven to three: (1) Forest Biosphere Reserve; (2) Biotic Community Protection Forest; and (3) Rare Population Protection Forest.[ 1] [ 7] [ note 1] As of 1 April 2018, there were in total 666 Protected Forests, covering an area of 977,000 hectares (2,410,000 acres), approximately 4% of the total forested area of the country, and 13% of that represented by national forest.[ 8] [ 9] As of 1 April 2019, a network of 24 Green Corridors, established to connect Protected Forests and facilitate interaction between discrete populations, represented a further 584,000 hectares (1,440,000 acres) of national forest.[ 1] [ 10]
Protected Forests
Forest Biosphere Reserves
As of 1 April 2018, 31 Forest Biosphere Reserves (森林生態系保護地域 ) have been designated, covering an area of 701,000 hectares (1,730,000 acres).[ 8] Of these, four are also inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as Natural World Heritage Sites : Shiretoko , Shirakami-Sanchi , Ogaswara Islands , and Yakushima , while Amami Islands , Yanbaru , and Iriomote have been nominated for joint inscription and are currently on the Tentative List .[ 8] [ 11]
Forest Biosphere Reserve
Designated Name
Prefecture
Area (km2 )
Image
Coordinates
Ref.
Shiretoko
知床森林生態系保護地域
Hokkaidō
459.89
44°20′09″N 145°19′49″E / 44.3359°N 145.3302°E / 44.3359; 145.3302 (Shiretoko )
[1]
Kariba-sanchi Sukki River Source
狩場山 地須築川源流部森林生態系保護地域
Hokkaidō
27.32
42°36′43″N 139°56′15″E / 42.6119°N 139.9374°E / 42.6119; 139.9374 (Kariba-sanchi Sukki River Source )
[2]
Taisetsuzan
大雪山森林生態系保護地域
Hokkaidō
961.97
43°35′28″N 142°53′40″E / 43.5910°N 142.8944°E / 43.5910; 142.8944 (Taisetsuzan )
[3]
Hidaka Mountains
日高山脈森林生態系保護地域
Hokkaidō
1679.68
42°43′10″N 142°40′58″E / 42.7195°N 142.6828°E / 42.7195; 142.6828 (Hidaka Mountains )
[4]
Izari-dake Environs
漁岳 周辺森林生態系保護地域
Hokkaidō
32.67
42°49′24″N 141°13′41″E / 42.8233°N 141.2281°E / 42.8233; 141.2281 (Mount Izari )
[5]
Shirakami-Sanchi
白神山地森林生態系保護地域
Aomori , Akita
169.71
40°30′13″N 140°01′07″E / 40.5037°N 140.0187°E / 40.5037; 140.0187 (Shirakami-Sanchi )
[6]
Osore-zan Mountains
恐山山地森林生態系保護地域
Aomori
55.38
41°18′29″N 141°05′15″E / 41.3081°N 141.0874°E / 41.3081; 141.0874 (Osore-zan Mountains )
[7]
Mount Hayachine Environs
早池峰山周辺森林生態系保護地域
Iwate
81.45
39°33′30″N 141°29′16″E / 39.5583°N 141.4879°E / 39.5583; 141.4879 (Mount Hayachine Environs )
[8]
Kakkonda River –Tama River Source
葛根田川・玉川 源流部森林生態系保護地域
Iwate
93.91
39°54′07″N 140°41′40″E / 39.9020°N 140.6945°E / 39.9020; 140.6945 (Kakkonda River–Tama River Source )
[9]
Mount Kurikoma –Mount Tochigamori Environs
栗駒山 ・栃ヶ森山周辺森林生態系保護地域
Iwate , Miyagi , Akita
163.34
38°57′39″N 140°47′18″E / 38.9608°N 140.7883°E / 38.9608; 140.7883 (Mount Kurikoma–Mount Tochigamori )
[10]
Asahi Mountains
朝日山地 森林生態系保護地域
Yamagata , Niigata
605.22
38°15′39″N 139°55′16″E / 38.2607°N 139.9210°E / 38.2607; 139.9210 (Asahi Mountains )
[11]
Mount Iide Environs
飯豊山周辺森林生態系保護地域
Yamagata , Fukushima , Niigata
294.45
38°15′39″N 139°55′16″E / 38.2607°N 139.9210°E / 38.2607; 139.9210 (Mount Iide Environs )
[12]
Mount Azuma Environs
吾妻山 周辺森林生態系保護地域
Fukushima
81.98
37°44′19″N 140°08′25″E / 37.7386°N 140.1403°E / 37.7386; 140.1403 (Mount Azuma Environs )
[13]
Oku-Aizu
奥会津 森林生態系保護地域
Fukushima
839.92
37°27′36″N 139°33′32″E / 37.4601°N 139.5589°E / 37.4601; 139.5589 (Oku-Aizu )
[14]
Ogaswara Islands
小笠原諸島森林生態系保護地域
Tōkyō
55.79
26°40′26″N 142°09′13″E / 26.6738°N 142.1536°E / 26.6738; 142.1536 (Ogaswara Islands )
[15]
Tone River Source–Hiuchigatake Environs
利根川源流部・燧ヶ岳周辺森林生態系保護地域
Niigata , Gunma
200.86
36°58′15″N 139°02′36″E / 36.9708°N 139.0432°E / 36.9708; 139.0432 (Tone River Source–Hiuchigatake Environs )
[16]
Mount Saburyū Environs
佐武流山 周辺森林生態系保護地域
Niigata , Nagano
127.92
36°46′20″N 138°40′15″E / 36.7721°N 138.6708°E / 36.7721; 138.6708 (Mount Saburyū Environs )
[17]
Hakusan
白山森林生態系保護地域
Ishikawa , Gifu
149.14
36°09′50″N 136°46′22″E / 36.1640°N 136.7728°E / 36.1640; 136.7728 (Hakusan )
[18]
Northern Alps (Kanakido River –Takase River Source)
北アルプス(金木戸川・高瀬川源流部)森林生態系保護地域
Nagano , Gifu
80.99
36°26′46″N 137°44′01″E / 36.4462°N 137.7336°E / 36.4462; 137.7336 (Northern Alps (Kanakido River–Takase River Source) )
[19]
Central Alps Mount Kisokoma
中央アルプス木曽駒ケ岳森林生態系保護地域
Nagano
18.13
35°47′22″N 137°48′16″E / 35.7895°N 137.8044°E / 35.7895; 137.8044 (Central Alps Mount Kisokoma )
[20]
Southern Minami-Alps Mount Tekari
南アルプス南部光岳森林生態系保護地域
Nagano , Shizuoka
47.59
35°20′17″N 138°05′02″E / 35.3381°N 138.0839°E / 35.3381; 138.0839 (Southern Minami-Alps Mount Tekari )
[21]
Ōsugidani
大杉谷 森林生態系保護地域
Mie
13.91
34°12′40″N 136°09′03″E / 34.2110°N 136.1507°E / 34.2110; 136.1507 (Ōsugidani )
[22]
Daisen
大山森林生態系保護地域
Tottori
31.90
35°22′41″N 133°32′59″E / 35.3781°N 133.5496°E / 35.3781; 133.5496 (Daisen )
[23]
Ishizuchi Mountains
石鎚山系 森林生態系保護地域
Ehime
33°46′06″N 133°06′51″E / 33.7683°N 133.1143°E / 33.7683; 133.1143 (Ishizuchi Mountains )
[24]
Mount Sobo –Mount Katamuki –Mount Ōkue Environs
祖母山・傾山 ・大崩山周辺森林生態系保護地域
Ōita , Miyazaki
59.78
32°49′40″N 131°20′50″E / 32.8279°N 131.3473°E / 32.8279; 131.3473 (Mount Sobo–Mount Katamuki–Mount Ōkue Environs )
[25]
Aya
綾森林生態系保護地域
Miyazaki
14.85
32°01′47″N 131°10′17″E / 32.0297°N 131.1715°E / 32.0297; 131.1715 (Aya )
[26]
Mount Inao Environs
稲尾岳 周辺森林生態系保護地域
Kagoshima
10.45
31°07′28″N 130°53′10″E / 31.1244°N 130.8862°E / 31.1244; 130.8862 (Mount Inao Environs )
[27]
Yakushima
屋久島森林生態系保護地域
Kagoshima
151.85
30°20′29″N 130°30′42″E / 30.3414°N 130.5117°E / 30.3414; 130.5117 (Yakushima )
[28]
Amami Islands
奄美群島森林生態系保護地域
Kagoshima
48.20
28°15′38″N 129°21′58″E / 28.2606°N 129.3662°E / 28.2606; 129.3662 (Amami Islands )
[29]
Yanbaru
やんばる森林生態系保護地域
Okinawa
30.07
26°38′15″N 128°08′02″E / 26.6376°N 128.1339°E / 26.6376; 128.1339 (Yanbaru )
[30]
Iriomote
西表島森林生態系保護地域
Okinawa
204.71
24°19′48″N 123°49′19″E / 24.3301°N 123.8219°E / 24.3301; 123.8219 (Iriomote )
[31]
This list is complete and up to date as of April 2021 .
As of 1 April 2018, 95 Biotic Community Protection Forests (生物群集保護林 ) have been designated, covering an area of 236,000 hectares (580,000 acres).[ 8]
Biotic Community Protection Forest
Designated Name
Prefecture
Area (km2 )
Image
Coordinates
Ref.
Mount Muine Environs
無意根山 周辺生物群集保護林
Hokkaidō
20.47
42°55′52″N 141°02′28″E / 42.9311°N 141.0411°E / 42.9311; 141.0411 (Mount Muine Environs )
[32]
Mount Yūbari
夕張岳生物群集保護林
Hokkaidō
14.49
43°06′00″N 142°15′04″E / 43.0999°N 142.2512°E / 43.0999; 142.2512 (Mount Yūbari )
[33]
Shirikoma
知駒生物群集保護林
Hokkaidō
12.33
44°57′31″N 142°09′03″E / 44.9587°N 142.1508°E / 44.9587; 142.1508 (Shirikoma )
[34]
Wakasakanai
稚咲内生物群集保護林
Hokkaidō
20.18
45°04′56″N 141°38′41″E / 45.0822°N 141.6448°E / 45.0822; 141.6448 (Wakasakanai )
[35]
Lake Kutcharo
クッチャロ湖生物群集保護林
Hokkaidō
3.84
45°08′12″N 142°19′37″E / 45.1368°N 142.3269°E / 45.1368; 142.3269 (Lake Kutcharo )
[36]
Rishiri Island
利尻島生物群集保護林
Hokkaidō
44.46
45°11′11″N 141°14′27″E / 45.1863°N 141.2409°E / 45.1863; 141.2409 (Rishiri Island )
[37]
Rebun Island
礼文島生物群集保護林
Hokkaidō
23.91
45°23′43″N 140°59′14″E / 45.3952°N 140.9873°E / 45.3952; 140.9873 (Rebun Island )
[38]
Taisetsu Primeval Forest
大雪原生林生物群集保護林
Hokkaidō
5.27
43°32′09″N 142°59′20″E / 43.5359°N 142.9889°E / 43.5359; 142.9889 (Taisetsu Primeval Forest )
[39]
Taisetsu Mountain Range Alpine Zone
大雪山系高山帯生林生物群集保護林
Hokkaidō
13.40
43°42′58″N 142°50′38″E / 43.7162°N 142.8440°E / 43.7162; 142.8440 (Taisetsu Mountain Range Alpine Zone )
[40]
Mount Shari
斜里岳生林生物群集保護林
Hokkaidō
23.53
43°45′49″N 144°42′53″E / 43.7635°N 144.7147°E / 43.7635; 144.7147 (Mount Shari )
[41]
Mount Unabetsu
海別岳生林生物群集保護林
Hokkaidō
26.96
43°52′37″N 144°52′34″E / 43.8769°N 144.8762°E / 43.8769; 144.8762 (Mount Unabetsu )
[42]
Bekanbeushi
別寒辺牛 生林生物群集保護林
Hokkaidō
24.12
43°06′08″N 144°50′54″E / 43.1023°N 144.8482°E / 43.1023; 144.8482 (Bekanbeushi )
[43]
Mount Oakan
雄阿寒岳生林生物群集保護林
Hokkaidō
37.59
43°27′14″N 144°09′53″E / 43.4540°N 144.1646°E / 43.4540; 144.1646 (Mount Oakan )
[44]
Notsuke Peninsula
野付半島生林生物群集保護林
Hokkaidō
3.01
43°36′12″N 145°16′08″E / 43.6034°N 145.2688°E / 43.6034; 145.2688 (Notsuke Peninsula )
[45]
Mount Obira
大平山生林生物群集保護林
Hokkaidō
5.11
42°38′14″N 140°08′10″E / 42.6373°N 140.1362°E / 42.6373; 140.1362 (Mount Obira )
[46]
Mount Sengen
千軒岳生林生物群集保護林
Hokkaidō
9.58
41°34′45″N 140°09′39″E / 41.5793°N 140.1609°E / 41.5793; 140.1609 (Mount Sengen )
[47]
Uzura River
鶉川生林生物群集保護林
Hokkaidō
5.11
41°57′07″N 140°20′00″E / 41.9519°N 140.3333°E / 41.9519; 140.3333 (Uzura River )
[48]
Todo River
椴川生林生物群集保護林
Hokkaidō
4.99
41°48′13″N 140°09′05″E / 41.8037°N 140.1515°E / 41.8037; 140.1515 (Todo River )
[49]
Okushiri Island
奥尻島生物群集保護林
Hokkaidō
22.85
42°09′25″N 139°27′24″E / 42.1569°N 139.4566°E / 42.1569; 139.4566 (Okushiri Island )
[50]
Hakkōda Mountains
八甲田山生物群集保護林
Aomori
64.10
40°39′53″N 140°54′44″E / 40.6648°N 140.9122°E / 40.6648; 140.9122 (Mount Hakkōda )
[51]
Hachimantai
八幡平生物群集保護林
Iwate , Akita
102.35
39°57′22″N 140°51′10″E / 39.9562°N 140.8529°E / 39.9562; 140.8529 (Hachimantai )
[52]
Mount Goyō
五葉山 生物群集保護林
Iwate
102.35
39°12′14″N 141°43′43″E / 39.2040°N 141.7287°E / 39.2040; 141.7287 (Mount Goyō )
[53]
Mount Waga
和賀岳 生物群集保護林
Iwate , Akita
89.55
39°34′14″N 140°45′15″E / 39.5706°N 140.7543°E / 39.5706; 140.7543 (Mount Waga )
[54]
Mount Yakeishi
焼石岳生物群集保護林
Iwate
87.68
39°09′49″N 140°49′41″E / 39.1636°N 140.8281°E / 39.1636; 140.8281 (Mount Yakeishi )
[55]
Busugamori
毒ヶ森 生物群集保護林
Iwate
16.39
39°38′08″N 141°02′32″E / 39.6355°N 141.0421°E / 39.6355; 141.0421 (Busugamori )
[56]
Mount Funagata (Mount Goshō)
船形山(御所山)生物群集保護林
Miyagi , Yamagata
71.51
38°27′18″N 140°37′11″E / 38.4551°N 140.6196°E / 38.4551; 140.6196 (Mount Funagata (Mount Goshō) )
[57]
Zaō
蔵王生物群集保護林
Miyagi , Yamagata
66.21
38°09′11″N 140°26′46″E / 38.1531°N 140.4460°E / 38.1531; 140.4460 (Zaō )
[58]
Mount Taihei
太平山 生物群集保護林
Akita
72.23
39°47′50″N 140°18′38″E / 39.7971°N 140.3106°E / 39.7971; 140.3106 (Mount Taihei )
[59]
Bandori Forest –Mount Daibutsu
番鳥森・大仏岳生物群集保護林
Akita
12.39
39°48′50″N 140°30′57″E / 39.8138°N 140.5158°E / 39.8138; 140.5158 (Bandori Forest–Mount Daibutsu )
[60]
Northwest Ōu Mountains
奥羽山脈北西部生物群集保護林
Akita
11.91
39°58′38″N 140°32′39″E / 39.9772°N 140.5443°E / 39.9772; 140.5443 (Northwest Ōu Mountains )
[61]
Oga Peninsula Coastal Life
男鹿半島海岸植生生物群集保護林
Akita
6.55
39°57′10″N 139°43′38″E / 39.9527°N 139.7272°E / 39.9527; 139.7272 (Oga Peninsula Coastal Life )
[62]
Budōmori
葡萄森生物群集保護林
Akita
5.79
39°52′00″N 140°36′44″E / 39.8668°N 140.6121°E / 39.8668; 140.6121 (Budōmori )
[63]
Mount Chōkai
鳥海山生物群集保護林
Akita , Yamagata
72.41
39°05′56″N 140°02′39″E / 39.0989°N 140.0442°E / 39.0989; 140.0442 (Mount Chōkai )
[64]
Gassan
月山生物群集保護林
Yamagata
68.22
38°32′59″N 140°01′37″E / 38.5496°N 140.0269°E / 38.5496; 140.0269 (Gassan )
[65]
Tsugamine –Mount Iimori
栂峰・飯森山生物群集保護林
Yamagata
10.43
37°49′42″N 139°56′14″E / 37.8284°N 139.9373°E / 37.8284; 139.9373 (Tsugamine–Mount Iimori )
[66]
Kashi –Mount Futamata
甲子・二岐山 生物群集保護林
Fukushima
31.00
37°14′47″N 139°58′02″E / 37.2465°N 139.9673°E / 37.2465; 139.9673 (Kashi–Mount Futamata )
[67]
Abukuma Plateau
阿武隈高地 生物群集保護林
Fukushima
11.90
37°17′N 140°43′E / 37.29°N 140.72°E / 37.29; 140.72 (Abukuma Plateau )
[68]
Oku-Kinu
奥鬼怒 生物群集保護林
Tochigi
25.85
36°49′N 139°43′E / 36.82°N 139.71°E / 36.82; 139.71 (Oku-Kinu )
[69]
Ōsabi Mountains
大佐飛山地 生物群集保護林
Tochigi
81.52
37°03′49″N 139°50′40″E / 37.0635°N 139.8444°E / 37.0635; 139.8444 (Ōsabi Mountains )
[70]
Shōjinsawa
尚仁沢 生物群集保護林
Tochigi
6.16
36°51′35″N 139°49′13″E / 36.8597°N 139.8202°E / 36.8597; 139.8202 (Shōjinsawa )
[71]
Ueno Narahara Fraxinus platypoda
上野楢原のシオジ 等生物群集保護林
Gunma
3.03
36°04′N 138°42′E / 36.06°N 138.70°E / 36.06; 138.70 (Ueno Narahara Fraxinus platypoda )
[72]
Chichibu Mountains
秩父山地 生物群集保護林
Saitama
21.45
35°56′34″N 138°44′05″E / 35.9429°N 138.7346°E / 35.9429; 138.7346 (Chichibu Mountains )
[73]
Tanzawa Mountains
丹沢山地生物群集保護林
Kanagawa
8.81
35°29′N 139°06′E / 35.48°N 139.10°E / 35.48; 139.10 (Tanzawa Mountains )
[74]
Komatsubara Wetlands
小松原湿原生物群集保護林
Niigata
14.99
36°53′09″N 138°40′34″E / 36.8859°N 138.6762°E / 36.8859; 138.6762 (Komatsubara Wetlands )
[75]
Mount Sumon
守門岳 生物群集保護林
Niigata
17.78
37°23′52″N 139°08′11″E / 37.3979°N 139.1365°E / 37.3979; 139.1365 (Mount Sumon )
[76]
Echigo Mountains
越後山脈 生物群集保護林
Niigata
20.09
37°31′17″N 139°25′33″E / 37.5214°N 139.4257°E / 37.5214; 139.4257 (Echigo Mountains )
[77]
Kaya no Daira
カヤの平 等等生物群集保護林
Niigata
14.00
36°52′24″N 138°40′25″E / 36.8734°N 138.6735°E / 36.8734; 138.6735 (Kaya no Daira )
[78]
Northern Alps (Mount Asahi –Hakuba Mountains )
北アルプス(朝日 ・白馬 連山)生物群集保護林
Toyama , Nagano
60.76
36°49′36″N 137°43′48″E / 36.8266°N 137.7299°E / 36.8266; 137.7299 (Northern Alps (Mount Asahi–Hakuba Mountains) )
[79]
Northern Alps (Kurobe –Goryū –Harinoki –Shirasawa Tengu )
北アルプス(黒部・五竜 ・針ノ木 ・白沢天狗)生物群集保護林
Toyama , Nagano
107.53
36°32′17″N 137°41′03″E / 36.5381°N 137.6842°E / 36.5381; 137.6842 (Northern Alps (Kurobe–Goryū–Harinoki–Shirasawa Tengu) )
[80]
Sai River Source
犀川 源流生物群集保護林
Ishikawa
17.94
36°29′15″N 136°43′22″E / 36.4875°N 136.7227°E / 36.4875; 136.7227 (Sai River Source )
[81]
Senjōdaira
千丈平 生物群集保護林
Ishikawa
8.57
36°18′30″N 136°46′55″E / 36.3083°N 136.7819°E / 36.3083; 136.7819 (Senjōdaira )
[82]
Mount Togakushi
戸隠山 生物群集保護林
Nagano
18.89
36°46′12″N 138°03′17″E / 36.7700°N 138.0548°E / 36.7700; 138.0548 (Mount Togakushi )
[83]
Mount Naeba Wetlands
苗場山湿原生物群集保護林
Nagano
13.27
36°50′45″N 138°41′21″E / 36.8459°N 138.6891°E / 36.8459; 138.6891 (Mount Naeba Wetlands )
[84]
Mount Amakazari –Mount Tenguhara
雨飾・天狗原山生物群集保護林
Nagano
15.65
36°54′07″N 137°57′45″E / 36.9020°N 137.9624°E / 36.9020; 137.9624 (Mount Amakazari–Mount Tenguhara )
[85]
Northern Alps (Mount Chō –Mount Otenshō –Mount Yari –Mount Hotakadake )
北アルプス(蝶ヶ岳 ・大天井岳 ・槍ヶ岳・穂高岳)生物群集保護林
Nagano
71.61
36°17′15″N 137°43′32″E / 36.2876°N 137.7256°E / 36.2876; 137.7256 (Northern Alps (Mount Chō–Mount Otenshō–Mount Yari–Mount Hotakadake) )
[86]
Mount Washiba –Iō –Takase Valley
鷲羽岳・硫黄・高瀬渓谷 生物群集保護林
Nagano
25.50
36°17′15″N 137°43′32″E / 36.2876°N 137.7256°E / 36.2876; 137.7256 (Mount Washiba–Iō–Takase Valley )
[87]
Azusa River –Kasumizawa –Mount Yake
梓川 ・霞沢 ・焼岳生物群集保護林
Nagano
25.72
36°13′16″N 137°38′25″E / 36.2212°N 137.6404°E / 36.2212; 137.6404 (Azusa River–Mount Kasumizawa–Mount Yake )
[88]
Mount Kinpu
金峰山生物群集保護林
Nagano
4.33
35°52′19″N 138°37′31″E / 35.8719°N 138.6254°E / 35.8719; 138.6254 (Mount Kinpu )
[89]
Mount Asama
浅間山生物群集保護林
Nagano
19.20
36°24′21″N 138°31′21″E / 36.4058°N 138.5225°E / 36.4058; 138.5225 (Mount Asama )
[90]
Utsukushigahara
美ヶ原 生物群集保護林
Nagano
10.75
36°13′33″N 138°06′27″E / 36.2258°N 138.1075°E / 36.2258; 138.1075 (Utsukushigahara )
[91]
Yatsugatake
八ヶ岳生物群集保護林
Nagano
5.16
35°58′11″N 138°19′11″E / 35.9697°N 138.3196°E / 35.9697; 138.3196 (Yatsugatake )
[92]
Minami-Alps (Mount Senjō etc)
南アルプス(仙丈ヶ岳等)生物群集保護林
Nagano
32.28
35°43′12″N 138°11′01″E / 35.7200°N 138.1835°E / 35.7200; 138.1835 (Southern Minami-Alps (Mount Senjō etc) )
[93]
Minami-Alps (Shiomi etc)
南アルプス(塩見等)生物群集保護林
Nagano
52.06
35°34′26″N 138°10′59″E / 35.5738°N 138.1831°E / 35.5738; 138.1831 (Southern Minami-Alps (Shiomi etc) )
[94]
Minami-Alps (Mount Hijiri etc)
南アルプス(聖岳等)生物群集保護林
Nagano
50.05
35°25′21″N 138°08′23″E / 35.4225°N 138.1397°E / 35.4225; 138.1397 (Southern Minami-Alps (Mount Hijiri etc) )
[95]
Mount Nagiso
南木曽岳 生物群集保護林
Nagano
6.73
35°35′31″N 137°38′36″E / 35.5919°N 137.6434°E / 35.5919; 137.6434 (Mount Nagiso )
[96]
Mount Norikura
乗鞍岳生物群集保護林
Nagano , Gifu
57.40
36°06′59″N 137°32′09″E / 36.1164°N 137.5359°E / 36.1164; 137.5359 (Mount Norikura )
[97]
Kiso
木曽生物群集保護林
Nagano , Gifu
103.92
35°53′26″N 137°39′33″E / 35.8906°N 137.6591°E / 35.8906; 137.6591 (Kiso )
[98]
Ontake
御岳生物群集保護林
Nagano , Gifu
31.22
35°52′56″N 137°26′55″E / 35.8823°N 137.4485°E / 35.8823; 137.4485 (Ontake )
[99]
Shizumo
賤母生物群集保護林
Nagano , Gifu
2.51
35°34′40″N 137°34′08″E / 35.5777°N 137.5688°E / 35.5777; 137.5688 (Shizumo )
[100]
Mount Sanshū Fagus crenata
三周ヶ岳 ブナ生物群集保護林
Gifu
11.30
35°41′02″N 136°18′01″E / 35.6839°N 136.3002°E / 35.6839; 136.3002 (Mount Sanshū Fagus crenata )
[101]
Mount Nōgōhaku Fagus crenata
能郷白山ブナ生物群集保護林
Gifu
6.50
35°45′45″N 136°30′50″E / 35.7624°N 136.5138°E / 35.7624; 136.5138 (Mount Nōgōhaku Fagus crenata )
[102]
Mount Ena
恵那山生物群集保護林
Gifu
4.92
35°26′36″N 137°35′50″E / 35.4432°N 137.5971°E / 35.4432; 137.5971 (Mount Ena )
[103]
Mount Ashitaka
愛鷹山生物群集保護林
Shizuoka
5.70
35°14′19″N 138°47′33″E / 35.2387°N 138.7926°E / 35.2387; 138.7926 (Mount Ashitaka )
[104]
Mount Fuji
富士山生物群集保護林
Shizuoka
10.27
35°21′33″N 138°43′35″E / 35.3591°N 138.7264°E / 35.3591; 138.7264 (Mount Fuji )
[105]
Hatchō Pond –Kawakodaira
八丁池 ・皮子平生物群集保護林
Shizuoka
6.37
34°50′46″N 138°57′41″E / 34.8461°N 138.9613°E / 34.8461; 138.9613 (Hatchō Pond–Kawakodaira )
[106]
Mount Kamitani
上谷山生物群集保護林
Shiga
5.74
35°40′26″N 136°14′40″E / 35.6738°N 136.2445°E / 35.6738; 136.2445 (Mount Kamitani )
[107]
Mount Hyōno -Sannomaru
氷ノ山・三の丸生物群集保護林
Hyōgo
3.85
35°21′14″N 134°30′50″E / 35.3539°N 134.5139°E / 35.3539; 134.5139 (Mount Hyōno )
[108]
Ikegō
池郷生物群集保護林
Nara
7.03
34°03′N 135°58′E / 34.05°N 135.97°E / 34.05; 135.97 (Ikegō )
[109]
Mount Narukawa
鳴川山生物群集保護林
Nara
3.46
34°39′22″N 135°40′54″E / 34.6561°N 135.6816°E / 34.6561; 135.6816 (Mount Narukawa )
[110]
Kurozō Valley
黒蔵谷生物群集保護林
Wakayama
5.16
33°46′N 135°41′E / 33.77°N 135.68°E / 33.77; 135.68 (Kurozō Valley )
[111]
Mount Mikuni
三国山 生物群集保護林
Tottori
3.19
35°03′28″N 133°16′09″E / 35.0578°N 133.2691°E / 35.0578; 133.2691 (Mount Mikuni )
[112]
Mount Tsurugi
剣山生物群集保護林
Tokushima
33°51′14″N 134°05′39″E / 33.8538°N 134.09416°E / 33.8538; 134.09416 (Mount Tsurugi )
[113]
Mount Nishikuma
西熊山 生物群集保護林
Tokushima
33°50′27″N 133°59′25″E / 33.8407°N 133.9904°E / 33.8407; 133.9904 (Mount Nishikuma )
[114]
Mount Ishidate
石立山 生物群集保護林
Tokushima
33°47′06″N 134°03′18″E / 33.785°N 134.055°E / 33.785; 134.055 (Mount Ishidate )
[115]
Mount Takatori
鷹取山生物群集保護林
Kōchi
33°18′55″N 132°58′01″E / 33.3152°N 132.9669°E / 33.3152; 132.9669 (Mount Takatori )
[116]
Fugen-dake
普賢岳生物群集保護林
Nagasaki
4.43
32°45′36″N 130°17′32″E / 32.7599°N 130.2921°E / 32.7599; 130.2921 (Fugen-dake )
[117]
Danjo Islands
男女群島 生物群集保護林
Nagasaki
4.15
32°01′26″N 128°23′07″E / 32.0239°N 128.3852°E / 32.0239; 128.3852 (Danjo Islands )
[118]
Kyūshū Chūō Sanchi
九州中央山地生物群集保護林
Kumamoto , Miyazaki
60.38
32°21′52″N 131°00′53″E / 32.3644°N 131.0146°E / 32.3644; 131.0146 (Kyūshū Chūō Sanchi )
[119]
Mount Shiraga
白髪岳生物群集保護林
Kumamoto
3.79
32°09′03″N 130°56′36″E / 32.1507°N 130.9433°E / 32.1507; 130.9433 (Mount Shiraga )
[120]
Mount Oninome
鬼の目山生物群集保護林
Miyazaki
4.67
32°42′09″N 131°31′42″E / 32.7026°N 131.5284°E / 32.7026; 131.5284 (Mount Oninome )
[121]
Mount Kamon
掃部岳生物群集保護林
Miyazaki
6.27
32°08′02″N 131°11′33″E / 32.1339°N 131.1926°E / 32.1339; 131.1926 (Mount Kamon )
[122]
Mount Ōmori
大森岳生物群集保護林
Miyazaki
3.73
32°04′33″N 131°09′18″E / 32.0758°N 131.1551°E / 32.0758; 131.1551 (Mount Ōmori )
[123]
Inohae Evergreen Forest
猪八重照葉樹林生物群集保護林
Miyazaki
4.81
31°43′43″N 131°22′00″E / 31.7286°N 131.3667°E / 31.7286; 131.3667 (Inohae Evergreen Forest )
[124]
Mount Kirishima
霧島山生物群集保護林
Miyazaki , Kagoshima
63.54
31°55′45″N 130°55′35″E / 31.9291°N 130.9265°E / 31.9291; 130.9265 (Mount Kirishima )
[125]
Mount Takakuma
高隈山 生物群集保護林
Kagoshima
11.76
31°28′20″N 130°48′06″E / 31.4723°N 130.8017°E / 31.4723; 130.8017 (Mount Takakuma )
[126]
This list is complete and up to date as of April 2021 .
Rare Population Protection Forests
As of 1 April 2018, 540 Rare Population Protection Forests (希少個体群保護林 ) have been designated, covering an area of 40,000 hectares (99,000 acres).[ 8]
Green Corridors
As of 1 April 2019, 24 Green Corridors (緑の回廊 ) have been designated, covering an area of 584,000 hectares (1,440,000 acres).[ 10]
Green Corridor
Designated Name
Prefecture
Area (km2 )
Length (km)
Image
Coordinates
Ref.
Shiretoko Peninsula
知床半島緑の回廊
Hokkaidō
120
36
43°53′N 145°01′E / 43.89°N 145.01°E / 43.89; 145.01 (Shiretoko Peninsula )
[127]
Taisetsu –Hidaka
大雪・日高緑の回廊
Hokkaidō
170
57
43°13′N 142°47′E / 43.22°N 142.79°E / 43.22; 142.79 (Taisetsu–Hidaka )
[128]
Shikotsu –Muine
支笏・無意根 緑の回廊
Hokkaidō
70
30
42°49′N 141°12′E / 42.82°N 141.20°E / 42.82; 141.20 (Shikotsu–Muine )
[129]
Shirakami –Hakkōda
白神 八甲田緑の回廊
Aomori
220
50
40°31′N 140°02′E / 40.51°N 140.04°E / 40.51; 140.04 (Shirakami–Hakkōda )
[130]
Ōu Mountains
奥羽山脈緑の回廊
Aomori , Iwate , Miyagi , Akita , Yamagata
730
400
39°44′N 140°43′E / 39.73°N 140.71°E / 39.73; 140.71 (Ōu Mountains )
[131]
Kitakami Plateau
北上高地緑の回廊
Iwate
260
150
39°13′N 141°42′E / 39.22°N 141.70°E / 39.22; 141.70 (Kitakami Plateau )
[132]
Chōkai -Asahi –Iide -Azuma
鳥海朝日・飯豊吾妻緑の回廊
Miyagi , Akita , Yamagata , Fukushima , Niigata
590
260
38°58′N 140°46′E / 38.96°N 140.77°E / 38.96; 140.77 (Chōkai-Asahi–Iide-Azuma )
[133]
Hachimantai –Mount Taihei
八幡平太平山 緑の回廊
Akita
110
60
39°57′N 140°41′E / 39.95°N 140.69°E / 39.95; 140.69 (Hachimantai–Mount Taihei )
[134]
Aizu Mountains
会津山地緑の回廊
Fukushima
1058
100
37°23′N 139°18′E / 37.39°N 139.30°E / 37.39; 139.30 (Aizu Mountains )
[135]
Nikkō –Mount Azuma
日光・吾妻山 地緑の回廊
Fukushima , Tochigi
939
180
37°41′N 140°11′E / 37.69°N 140.18°E / 37.69; 140.18 (Nikkō–Mount Azuma )
[136]
Echigo Line
緑の回廊越後線
Fukushima , Niigata
161
76
37°25′N 139°11′E / 37.41°N 139.18°E / 37.41; 139.18 (Echigo Line )
[137]
Nikkō Line
緑の回廊日光線
Tochigi
114
41
36°47′N 139°21′E / 36.78°N 139.35°E / 36.78; 139.35 (Nikkō Line )
[138]
Mikuni Line
緑の回廊三国線
Gunma , Niigata , Nagano
131
56
36°52′N 138°42′E / 36.86°N 138.70°E / 36.86; 138.70 (Mikuni Line )
[139]
Chichibu Mountains
秩父山地 緑の回廊
Saitama
65
44
35°59′N 138°47′E / 35.98°N 138.79°E / 35.98; 138.79 (Chichibu Mountains )
[140]
Mount Tanzawa
丹沢緑の回廊
Kanagawa
36
40
35°28′N 139°10′E / 35.47°N 139.16°E / 35.47; 139.16 (Mount Tanzawan )
[141]
Hakusan Mountains
白山山系緑の回廊
Toyama , Ishikawa , Fukui , Gifu
430
70
36°10′N 136°44′E / 36.17°N 136.74°E / 36.17; 136.74 (Hakusan Mountains )
[142]
Etsumi Mountains
越美山地緑の回廊
Fukui , Gifu , Shiga
240
66
35°46′N 136°31′E / 35.77°N 136.51°E / 35.77; 136.51 (Etsumi Mountains )
[143]
Fuji-san
富士山緑の回廊
Yamanashi
21
24
35°22′N 138°44′E / 35.37°N 138.73°E / 35.37; 138.73 (Fuji-san )
[144]
Yatsugatake
緑の回廊八ヶ岳
Yamanashi , Nagano
60
21
35°14′N 137°39′E / 35.23°N 137.65°E / 35.23; 137.65 (Yatsugatake )
[145]
Amakazari –Togakushi
緑の回廊雨飾・戸隠
Nagano
40
17
36°47′N 138°02′E / 36.78°N 138.04°E / 36.78; 138.04 (Amakazari–Togakushi )
[146]
Eastern Chūgoku Mountains
東中国山地緑の回廊
Hyōgo , Tottori , Okayama
60
42
35°26′N 134°26′E / 35.44°N 134.44°E / 35.44; 134.44 (Eastern Chūgoku Mountains )
[147]
Shikoku Mountains
四国山地 緑の回廊
Ehime , Kōchi
170
137
33°46′N 133°10′E / 33.77°N 133.16°E / 33.77; 133.16 (Shikoku Mountains )
[148]
Aya River Upper Stretches
綾川上流緑の回廊
Miyazaki
20
5
32°01′N 131°14′E / 32.02°N 131.24°E / 32.02; 131.24 (Aya River Upper Stretches )
[149]
Ōsumi Peninsula
大隅半島緑の回廊
Kagoshima
10
22
31°08′N 130°55′E / 31.13°N 130.92°E / 31.13; 130.92 (Ōsumi Peninsula )
[150]
This list is complete and up to date as of April 2021 .
See also
Notes
^ Forest Biosphere Reserve (森林生態系保護地域 ) (sometimes alternatively rendered as Forest Ecosystem Reserve), Biotic Community Protection Forest (生物群集保護林 ) , Rare Population Protection Forest (希少個体群保護林 ) ; the seven old categories were Forest Biosphere Reserve (森林生態系保護地域 ) , Forest Biogenetic Resources Preservation Forest (森林生物遺伝資源保存林 ) , Forest Tree Genetic Resources Preservation Forest (林木遺伝資源保存林 ) , Plant Community Protection Forest (植物群落保護林 ) , Specific Animal Habitat Protection Forest (特定動物生息地保護林 ) , Specific Topography Protection Forest (特定地理等保護林 ) , Hometown Forest (郷土の森 )
References
External links