Delaware Route 1

	DE Route 1
	Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway; Coastal Highway
Length:	103.02 mi (165.79 km)
Formed:	1978 (completed 1995)
South end:	MD 528 in Ocean City, MD
Major; junctions:	US 9 near Lewes; US 113 in Milford; DE 9 near Dover AFB; DE 9 (multiple locations); DE 896 near Odessa; US 301 in St. Georges (future); DE 72 near Delaware City; US 40 in Bear; DE 273 near Christiana; DE 7 in Christiana; I-95 /DE Tpk in Christiana
North end:	DE 7 / DE 58 in Christiana
	Routes in Delaware
< DE 896	DE 1A >

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Delaware Route 1 is a 103.02-mile (165.79 km) ^[1] long, four-to-six lane highway going from the Maryland-Delaware line on the eastern Atlantic shoreline to the Delaware Turnpike (Interstate 95) outside of Wilmington.

The highway, which came into existence in the late 1970s, was originally a two-lane road signed as Delaware Route 14, but was truncated to Milford when the Delaware Department of Transportation adopted a U.S. Highway-style system for its state routes. From the early 1970s to 1995, the highway ended at is what is now U.S. Route 113, but in the mid-1970s, the DOT studied a "Dover Extension" of the Delaware Turnpike, which evolved into today's Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway.

[edit] Route description

[edit] Delaware/Maryland state line to Lewes

Delaware Route 1 starts at the Maryland/Delaware state line at the intersection with Delaware Route 54 in Fenwick Island, Delaware, as an extension of Maryland Route 528 at the border with Ocean City, Maryland. The road, mostly four lanes with six-lane sections in the resort areas, follows the Atlantic shore line through Fenwick Island State Park, South Bethany and Bethany Beach before reaching the Delaware Seashore State Park. Upon entering the park, Delaware Route 1 crosses over the Indian River Inlet, a connection between the Rehoboth and Indian River Bays and the Atlantic Ocean itself. Currently, the twin span box-beam bridges, constructed in the mid-1970s during a major widening project, are being replaced with a cable-stayed bridge (similar in design to the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal Bridge) that will allow both the State of Delaware and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to eventually dredge and widen the inlet.

Past the inlet, Delaware Route 1 continues north through the state park, passing lookout towers used by the U.S. Army's Coastal Artillery forces during World War II, until the road enters Dewey Beach. It is here in Dewey Beach that Delaware Route 1A branches off and heads towards Rehoboth Beach, while DE 1 curves towards the left and then crosses over the Lewes and Rehoboth Canal on a high-level, twin span crossing (completed in the mid-1980s) before reabsorbing DE 1A. Between the northern junction of DE 1A and Lewes, Route 1, now a six-lane road, passes through an array of outlet shopping centers in Midway (known collectively as the "Rehoboth Outlets"), before intersecting with U.S. Route 9 and Delaware Route 404 near Lewes. US 9 allows direct access to the Garden State Parkway and the New Jersey shore via the Cape May-Lewes Ferry, while DE 404 allows access to Central Maryland via the Chesapeake Bay Bridge on U.S. Route 50.

[edit] Lewes to Dover Air Force Base

Southbound Delaware Route 1 between Milford and Milton.

Past the U.S. Route 9/Delaware Route 404 intersection, and crossing over the Delaware Coast Line Railway's Lewes Branch, Route 1, now known as "The Coastal Highway," starts a 20-mile (32.19 km) run through a rural stretch of Sussex County, going past the Primehook National Wildlife Refuge near Milton, while at the same time, intersecting both Delaware Routes 5 and 16 in the process. At the former intersection of Route 1 and Delaware Route 30, which now follows a different alignment in the area, Delaware Route 1 Business, a former two-lane stretch of Delaware Route 1, breaks off, and the roadway continues east of Milford, Delaware on the Milford Bypass, where it meets Delaware Route 36 at a diamond interchange. Unlike a true bypass, which has grade-separated interchanges, the Milford Bypass has both grade-separated interchanges and at-grade intersections, of which one of them intersects with Delaware Route 14, an east–west state highway that originally went from Fenwick Island to Harrington, but was truncated to Milford in 1978 when the Delaware Dept. of Transportation (DelDOT) renumbered its state highway system to be consistent with the numbering used for the Federal (U.S.) Highway System.

Southbound Delaware Route 1 at Frederica Road south of Frederica.

North of Delaware Route 14, the Milford Bypass portion of Delaware Route 1 ends with the junction of Route 1 with U.S. Route 113. Prior to 2004, both Delaware Route 1 and U.S. Route 113 continued north together to Dover Air Force Base on a two-route concurrency; after numerous petitions by DelDOT, AASHTO, which governs the regulation of designating Interstate and U.S. Highways, allowed DelDOT to truncate U.S. Route 113 at this interchange. Ironically, prior to 1992, the DE 1/US 113 interchange served as the northern terminus for DE 1, but with the construction of the Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway, DelDOT extended the DE 1 designation north of this interchange to prevent a "gap" between the Fenwick Island-Milford section and the toll highway.

Past U.S. Route 113, the highway continues north towards Dover, passing Frederica (on a high-speed bypass), where it intersects Delaware Route 12. In November 2009, construction began for a grade-separated interchange between these two routes.^[2] After this, the route passes through Little Heaven before crossing over the St. Jones River on a high-level crossing that was built in the mid-1980s as part of a U.S. Route 113 widening project between Dover and Milford. Past the St. Jones River crossing, DE 1 now meets Delaware Route 9 at a grade-separated interchange (completed in October 2009). Delaware Route 9 is a two-lane rural road that, prior to the completion of the Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway, served as a "bypass" of the usually congested U.S. Route 13.

[edit] Dover Air Force Base to Wilmington

Southbound Delaware Route 1 between Smyrna and Dover.

After passing Delaware Route 9, Delaware Route 1 becomes the 51-mile (82.08 km) tolled "Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway" (originally called the "Relief Route", the current name being given after the dedication of the Korean War Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. in 1995). After passing another exit, for access to both the base itself and its housing complex, DE 1 then splits off with the former U.S. Route 113 highway at Delaware Route 10 and then follows a high-speed four-lane highway east of Dover. This section, opened in 1992 and built (like all of its sections) to Interstate Highway standards, was the first highway on the East Coast to be marked with metric measurements. The metric measurements are due to anticipation during the administration of then-President Bill Clinton that the standard U.S. measurement would be dropped and the metric system be adopted. Although the route is now marked with standard milepost markers, the experimental signs with metric measurements are still in place today — the exit numbers on the highway are still in metric as opposed to the standard U.S. milepost exit system used on the majority of Interstate Highways in the U.S.

After passing through the toll plaza in Dover, which has, since 2004, both cash and high-speed E-ZPass lanes, Delaware Route 1 interchanges U.S. Route 13 for the first time, north of both the toll plaza and Dover International Speedway. Between Dover and Wilmington, Delaware Route 1 will pass over U.S. Route 13 a total of five times, with direct access to the highway a total of three times. Other connections between the routes are via Delaware State Highway routes or with U.S. Route 40.

Route 1 (Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway) approaching the Senator William V. Roth, Jr. Bridge that crosses Chesapeake and Delaware Canal near St. Georges

North of the first DE 1/US 13 interchange, the highway roughly parallels U.S. Route 13 through the northern fringes of Dover, interchanges with U.S. Route 13 in the southern part of Smyrna, and enters New Castle County to the east of Smyrna. At the third interchange with US 13, which served as a temporary northern terminus between 1992 and 2003, the highway crosses over US 13 and then travels for the next 8-mile (12.87 km) past the small rural community of Townsend, before crossing over the Appoquinimink River and interchanging with Delaware Route 299 to Odessa and Middletown. Past DE 299, Route 1 then crosses over U.S. Route 13 and the Drawyer Creek, interchanging with Delaware Route 896 in Boyds Corner.

The Chesapeake & Delaware Canal Bridge carries DE 1 over the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal.

After DE 896, the road then crosses over U.S. Route 13 before reaching the Biddles Corner Toll Plaza, the first toll plaza on the East Coast to have both high-speed E-ZPass and cash lanes, and, with some design changes, has served as a model for dual-speed mainline toll barriers on both the Pennsylvania Turnpike, New Jersey Turnpike, as well as the Garden State Parkway and Atlantic City Expressway. Passing through the toll barrier, the highway then crosses the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal on the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Bridge, a cable-stayed bridge which was originally opened in 1995 as a replacement for the aging St. Georges Bridge and now serving as an integral part of the DE 1/US 13 corridor between Dover and Wilmington. DE 1 widens to six lanes after the toll plaza, and passes through the interchange with DE 72, where US 13 joins the DE 1 freeway. The two highways separate shortly after in Tybouts Corner.

North of the Delaware Route 1/U.S. Route 13 split, the highway, now back to four lanes, starts a short trip north towards Interstate 95/Delaware Turnpike, passing U.S. Route 40 and Delaware Route 273 before merging with Delaware Route 7 near the Christiana Mall in Christiana. After merging with Delaware Route 7, the route continues north until it meets I-95 at a full cloverleaf interchange, and then immediately after interchanges with Delaware Route 58 near Churchmans Crossing. After the DE 58 interchange, the Delaware Route 1 designation is dropped, and the now at-grade highway becomes just DE 7.

[edit] History

[edit] Tolls

The Biddles Corner mainline toll plaza, with high speed E-ZPass lanes.

As of October 1, 2007, the Delaware Department of Transportation (DelDOT) charges a total of $2 on weekdays ($4 on weekends) for the entire 51-mile (82 km) length of highway, while it charges a $.50 toll at U.S. Route 13 in North Dover (southbound off/northbound on), Delaware Route 896 in Boyds Corner (northbound off/southbound on) and a $.25 toll on US 13 in South Smyrna (southbound off/northbound on). Unlike the Delaware Turnpike, which charges a $4 toll for a total of 11.2 miles (18.02 km) (the highest toll road rate in the U.S.), the lower rate on DE 1 was possible due the majority of the funding (60% total) from the federal government.^[3]

[edit] Interchange numbering

Unlike the Delaware Turnpike, Interstate 95 in Delaware, Interstate 495, Delaware Route 141, and the New Jersey Turnpike, which use a sequential exit system, or the Pennsylvania Turnpike, Atlantic City Expressway, and Garden State Parkway, which use a mileage-based system, the Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway segment of DE 1 utilizes a kilometer-based system, in anticipation of a mid-1990s conversion of all measurements in the U.S. from the standard US measurement system to the metric system (see Metrication in the United States). All distance markers were in kilometers, as well as all exit numbers. Since then, the distance markers were replaced with standard mile markers, but the exit numbers are still in metric. In addition, the exits north of US 13 in Tybouts Corner were in standard miles, reflecting DE 1 mileage from Ocean City, Maryland, but were converted in 1995 with the opening of the C&D Canal Bridge.

[edit] Future

As the main north–south state highway in Delaware, as well as the primary route to the Atlantic Seashore, Delaware Route 1 is currently seeing major problems with its existing infrastructure, most of which dates back to its 1978 inception. In addition to the building of a new cable-stayed bridge over the Indian River Inlet to replace aging twin box-beam bridges built in the 1970s, DelDOT has been rebuilding DE 1 between Dewey Beach and the Rehoboth Outlets, primarily to give DE 1 a "Main Street" feel, but at the same time, making improvements on underground utilities. At the U.S. Route 9/Delaware Route 404 junction near Lewes, DelDOT is currently undertaking a widening project that will have DE 1 widened to a total of six lanes between the junction and Delaware Route 1A, relieving congestion to both beachgoers and those wishing to shop at the numerous outlet stores that dot the area.

Even on the toll road between Dover and Wilmington, there are plans to widen the highway between Tybouts Corner and I-95/Delaware Turnpike to six lanes, as a need to reduce congestion, as well as rebuilding the DE 1/I-95 cloverleaf interchange to one with high-speed ramps, allowing southbound and northbound traffic to access I-95 without having to "mix" in with merging traffic (the new DE 58 bridge over I-95/Del. Turnpike, completed in 2006, being long enough to accompany the additional lanes). In addition to the expansion projects, plans are underway to build an "extension" of the highway, which will carry the U.S. Route 301 designation, that will bypass Middletown and allow an alternative route to Baltimore, Maryland and Washington, D.C., via the Chesapeake Bay Bridge, without having to travel on the heavily congested I-95/John F. Kennedy Memorial Highway on Maryland's Western Shore.

Other plans, including rebuilding DE 1 to a "semi-freeway" (similar in nature to U.S. Route 301 in Maryland) have also been floated, but the future currently lies in the possible privatization of both DE 1 and the Delaware Turnpike, as well as the possible upgrading of the highway to an Interstate Highway route (most likely Interstate 101)^{[citation needed]} If an Interstate 101 is built, it will most likely^{[original research?]} connect with Delaware Route 1 at Dover A.F.B. (via the short-distanced "Puncheon Run Connector," a low-speed grade-separated highway connecting DE 1 with US 13 near Camden), and with current reductions in federal spending, and may serve as "Maryland-Dover Section" of the Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway, bringing the highway almost up to the same state-to-state classification as that of both the Pennsylvania Turnpike and the New Jersey Turnpike.

[edit] Major intersections

County	Location	Mile ^[1]	#	Destinations	Notes
Sussex	Fenwick Island			DE 54 west
	Bethany Beach	6.08		DE 26 west
	Dewey Beach	17.17		DE 1A north
	Rehoboth Beach			DE 1B – Rehoboth Beach	Interchange
				Oyster House Road	Interchange; no southbound entrance
		18.93		DE 1A south – Rehoboth Beach, Henlopen Acres
	Midway	21.13		DE 24 west / DE 1D north – Oak Orchard, Millsboro
	Carpenters Corner	22.55		US 9 east – Cape May-Lewes Ferry	South end of US 9 overlap
	Five Points	23.67		US 9 west / US 9 Bus. east / DE 404 to DE 23 / DE 1D – Georgetown	North end of US 9 overlap
	Milton	30.46		DE 16 west
	Milton	32.68		DE 5 south
	Milford			DE 30 south
		39.91		DE 1 Bus. north – Milford	Interchange; northbound exit and southbound entrance
		41.42		DE 36 – Milford, Slaughter Beach	Interchange
Kent				DE 14 west
				Northeast 10th Street – North Milford
		43.96		US 113 south / DE 1 Bus. south – Milford, Georgetown	Interchange; southbound exit and northbound entrance
				Thompsonville Road – Thompsonville, South Bowers
	Frederica	49.89		DE 12 west – Frederica
				Bowers Beach Road – Bowers Beach
				Clapham Road – Magnolia, Rising Sun, Moores Lake	Former US 113 Alt. north
				Road 107 – Magnolia	Interchange
	Dover AFB	56.22	91	DE 9 north – Little Creek, Kitts Hummock	Interchange
		South end of freeway
		57.2	92	Dover AFB Commercial Gate	Northbound exit and entrance
		57.8	93	Dover AFB Main Gate, Visitors
		59.0	95	DE 10 – Dover, Camden	Former US 113 north
		60.2	97	To US 13 (via Puncheon Run Connector) – Salisbury, Norfolk	No northbound exit
	Dover	60.8	98	DE 8 – Downtown Dover, Little Creek	Southbound exit and northbound entrance
		Dover Toll Plaza
		64.6	104	US 13 to DE 8 / Scarborough Road – North Dover
	Smyrna	70.8	114	US 13 to DE 6 / DE 300 – South Smyrna
New Castle	Smyrna	75.8	119	US 13 to DE 6 / DE 300 – Smyrna, Townsend	Signed as exits 119A (south) and 119B (north) southbound
	Odessa	84.5	136	DE 299 to US 13 – Odessa, Middletown
	Boyds Corner	88.2	142	US 13 / DE 896 to US 301 – Mt. Pleasant, St. Georges, Boyds Corner
	Biddles Corner	Biddles Corner Toll Plaza
	St. Georges	92.0	148	To US 13 – South St. Georges	Southbound exit and northbound entrance
	St. Georges	Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Bridge
	Tybouts Corner	94.5	152	US 13 south / DE 72 to DE 7 – Delaware City, Newark, St. Georges	South end of US 13 overlap
	Tybouts Corner	96.9	156	US 13 north / DE 71 south to I-295 – New Castle, Wilmington, Red Lion, New Jersey, New York	North end of US 13 overlap; signed as exits 156A (SR 71) and 156B (US 13) southbound
	Bear	99.4	160	US 40 – Elkton, State Road
	Christiana	100.7	162	DE 273 – Newark, New Castle
		101.9	164	DE 7 south / Mall Road – Christiana	South end of DE 7 overlap; signed as exits 164A (Mall Road) and 164B (DE 7) southbound
		102.5	165B	I-95 north to I-295 / I-495 – Wilmington, Philadelphia
		102.8	165A	I-95 south (Delaware Turnpike) – Newark, Baltimore
	Churchmans Crossing	103.1	166	DE 58 (Churchmans Road) – Churchmans Crossing
	Churchmans Crossing	103.1		DE 7 north	Continuation beyond DE 58