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Teresa Wright

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Teresa Wright
Wright in 1953
Born
Muriel Teresa Wright

(1918-10-27)October 27, 1918
Harlem, New York, U.S.
DiedMarch 6, 2005(2005-03-06) (aged 86)
New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.
Resting placeEvergreen Cemetery
OccupationActress
Years active1941–1997
Spouse(s)
​
​
(m. 1942; div. 1952)​

​
​
(m. 1959; div. 1978)​
Children2

Muriel Teresa Wright (October 27, 1918 – March 6, 2005) was an American actress. She was nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress: in 1941 for her debut work in The Little Foxes, and in 1942 for Mrs. Miniver, winning for the latter. That same year, she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Pride of the Yankees, opposite Gary Cooper. She is also known for her performances in Alfred Hitchcock's Shadow of a Doubt (1943) and William Wyler's The Best Years of Our Lives (1946).

Wright received three Emmy Award nominations for her performances in the Playhouse 90 original television version of The Miracle Worker (1957), in the Breck Sunday Showcase feature The Margaret Bourke-White Story, and in the CBS drama series Dolphin Cove (1989). She earned the acclaim of top film directors, including William Wyler, who called her the most promising actress he had directed,[1] and Alfred Hitchcock, who admired her thorough preparation and quiet professionalism.[2]

Early life

Muriel Teresa Wright was born on October 27, 1918, in Harlem, New York City,[3] the daughter of Martha Espy and Arthur Hendricksen Wright, an insurance agent.[4][5] Her parents separated when she was young. She grew up in Maplewood, New Jersey, where she attended Columbia High School.[3] After seeing Helen Hayes star in Victoria Regina at the Broadhurst Theatre in New York City in 1936, Wright took an interest in acting and began playing leading roles in school plays.[6]

She earned a scholarship to the Wharf Theater in Provincetown, Massachusetts, where she was an apprentice for two summers.[3][6] Following her high school graduation in 1938, she went to New York, shortened her name to "Teresa Wright", and was hired as understudy to Dorothy McGuire and Martha Scott for the role of Emily in Thornton Wilder's stage production of Our Town at Henry Miller's Theatre.[4] She took over the role when Scott left for Hollywood to film the on-screen version of the play.[3]

Acting career

Wright, Walter Pidgeon and Greer Garson in Mrs. Miniver (1942)
Wright and Joseph Cotten in Alfred Hitchcock's Shadow of a Doubt (1943)
Publicity photo for The Best Years of Our Lives (1946); Hoagy Carmichael seated at piano and (standing from left) Fredric March, Myrna Loy, Dana Andrews, and Wright

In autumn 1939, Wright began a two-year appearance in the stage play Life with Father, playing the role of Mary Skinner. It was there that she was discovered by Samuel Goldwyn, who came to see her in the show she had been appearing in for almost a year. Goldwyn would later recall his first encounter with her backstage:

Miss Wright was seated at her dressing table, and looked for all the world like a little girl experimenting with her mother's cosmetics. I had discovered in her from the first sight, you might say, an unaffected genuineness and appeal.[3]

Goldwyn immediately hired the young actress for the role of Bette Davis' daughter in the 1941 adaptation of Lillian Hellman's The Little Foxes, signing her to a five-year Hollywood contract with the Goldwyn Studios. Asserting her seriousness as an actress, Wright insisted her contract contain unique clauses by Hollywood standards:

The aforementioned Teresa Wright shall not be required to pose for photographs in a bathing suit unless she is in the water. Neither may she be photographed running on the beach with her hair flying in the wind. Nor may she pose in any of the following situations: In shorts, playing with a cocker spaniel; digging in a garden; whipping up a meal; attired in firecrackers and holding skyrockets for the Fourth of July; looking insinuatingly at a turkey for Thanksgiving; wearing a bunny cap with long ears for Easter; twinkling on prop snow in a skiing outfit while a fan blows her scarf; assuming an athletic stance while pretending to hit something with a bow and arrow.[7]

In 1941, Wright was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her film début in The Little Foxes. The following year, she was nominated again, this time for Best Actress for The Pride of the Yankees, in which she played opposite Gary Cooper as the wife of Lou Gehrig. The same year, she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress as the daughter-in-law of Greer Garson's character in Mrs. Miniver. Wright is the first out of only nine actors who have been nominated in both categories in the same year.[3][8] Her three Academy Award nominations and one Academy Award in her first three films is unique.[9] She remains the only performer to have received Academy Award nominations for her first three films.[10]

In 1943, Wright appeared in the acclaimed Universal film Shadow of a Doubt, directed by Alfred Hitchcock, playing a young woman who discovers her beloved uncle (played by Joseph Cotten) is a serial murderer. Hitchcock thought Wright was one of the more intelligent actors he had worked with, and through his direction brought out her vivacity, warmth, and youthful idealism—characteristics uncommon in Hitchcock's heroines.[7] In 1946, Wright delivered another notable performance in William Wyler's The Best Years of Our Lives, an award-winning film about the adjustments of servicemen returning home after World War II. Critic James Agee praised her performance in The Nation:

This new performance of hers, entirely lacking in big scenes, tricks, or obstreperousness—one can hardly think of it as acting—seems to me one of the wisest and most beautiful pieces of work I have seen in years. If the picture had none of the hundreds of other things it has to recommend it, I could watch it a dozen times over for that personality and its mastery alone.[11]

Four years later, she would appear in another story of war veterans, Fred Zinnemann's The Men (1950), which starred Marlon Brando in his film debut.[7] In 1947, Wright appeared in the western Pursued opposite Robert Mitchum. The moody "Freudian western" was written by her first husband Niven Busch. The following year, she starred in Enchantment, a story of two generations of lovers in parallel romances. Wright received glowing reviews for her performance. Newsweek commented: "Miss Wright, one of the screen's finest, glows as the Cinderella who captivated three men." And The New York Times concluded: "Teresa Wright plays with that breathless, bright-eyed rapture which she so remarkably commands."[3]

In December 1948, after rebelling against the studio system that brought her fame, Teresa Wright had a public falling out with Samuel Goldwyn, which resulted in the cancellation of Wright's contract with his studio. In a statement published in The New York Times, Goldwyn cited as reasons her refusal to publicize the film Enchantment, and her being "uncooperative" and refusing to "follow reasonable instructions".[11] In her written response, Wright denied Goldwyn's charges and expressed no regret over losing her $5,000 per week contract.

I would like to say that I never refused to perform the services required of me; I was unable to perform them because of ill health. I accept Mr. Goldwyn's termination of my contract without protest—in fact, with relief. The types of contracts standardized in the motion picture industry between players and producers are archaic in form and absurd in concept. I am determined never to set my name to another one ... I have worked for Mr. Goldwyn seven years because I consider him a great producer, and he has paid me well, but in the future I shall gladly work for less if by doing so I can retain my hold upon the common decencies without which the most glorified job becomes intolerable.[11][12]

Years later, in an interview with The New York Post, Wright recalled: "I was going to be Joan of Arc, and all I proved was that I was an actress who would work for less money." For her next film, The Men (1950), instead of the $125,000 she had once commanded, she received $20,000.[6]

Wright and Lew Ayres in The Capture (1950)

In the 1950s, Wright appeared in several unsuccessful films, including The Capture (1950), Something to Live For (1952), California Conquest (1952), The Steel Trap (1952), Count the Hours (1953), The Actress (1953), and Track of the Cat (1954), opposite Robert Mitchum again.[4] Despite the poor box-office showing of these films, Wright was usually praised for her performances.[3] Toward the end of the decade, Wright began to work more frequently in television and theatre. She received Emmy Award nominations for her performances in the Playhouse 90 original television version of The Miracle Worker (1957) and in the Breck Sunday Showcase feature The Margaret Bourke-White Story (1960).[4] In 1955 she played Doris Walker in The 20th Century-Fox Hour remake of the 1947 movie Miracle on 34th Street, opposite MacDonald Carey and Thomas Mitchell.

On February 8, 1960, Wright was inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame with two stars: one for motion pictures at 1658 Vine Street and one for television at 6405 Hollywood Boulevard.[13]

In the 1960s, Wright returned to the New York stage appearing in three plays: Mary, Mary (1962) at the Helen Hayes Theatre in the role of Mary McKellaway, I Never Sang for My Father (1968) at the Longacre Theatre in the role of Alice, and Who's Happy Now? (1969) at the Village South Theatre in the role of Mary Hallen. During this period, she toured throughout the United States in stage productions of Mary, Mary (1962), Tchin-Tchin (1963) in the role of Pamela Pew-Picket, and The Locksmith (1965) in the role of Katherine Butler Hathaway. In addition to her stage work, Wright made numerous television appearances throughout the decade, including episodes for The Alfred Hitchcock Hour (1964) on CBS, Bonanza (1964) on NBC, The Defenders (1964, 1965) on CBS, and CBS Playhouse (1969).[4]

In 1975, Wright appeared in the Broadway revival of Death of a Salesman, and in 1980, appeared in the revival of Morning's at Seven, for which she won a Drama Desk Award as a member of the Outstanding Ensemble Performance. In 1989, she received her third Emmy Award nomination for her performance in the CBS drama series Dolphin Cove.[4] She also appeared in Murder, She Wrote in the episode "Mr. Penroy's Vacation". Her last television role was in an episode of the CBS drama series Picket Fences in 1996.[citation needed]

Wright's later film appearances included a major role in Somewhere in Time (1980), the grandmother in The Good Mother (1988) with Diane Keaton, and her final role as Miss Birdie in John Grisham's The Rainmaker (1997), directed by Francis Ford Coppola.[4]

Personal life

Wright was married to writer Niven Busch from 1942 to 1952. They had two children: a son, Niven Terence Busch, born December 2, 1944; and a daughter, Mary-Kelly Busch, born September 12, 1947.[4] She married playwright Robert Anderson in 1959. They divorced in 1978, but maintained a close relationship until the end of her life.

In her last decade, Wright lived quietly in her New England home in the town of Bridgewater, Connecticut, in Litchfield County, appearing occasionally at film festivals and forums and at events associated with the New York Yankees. In 1996, she reminisced about Alfred Hitchcock at the Edinburgh International Film Festival, and in 2003, she appeared on the Academy Awards show in a segment honoring previous Oscar-winners.[3]

Her daughter, Mary-Kelly, is an author of books for children and young adults.[14] Wright has two grandchildren, one of whom, Jonah Smith, co-produced Darren Aronofsky's films Pi (1998) and Requiem for a Dream (2000). In 1998, Smith accompanied Wright on her first visit to Yankee Stadium when she was invited to throw the ceremonial first pitch. Her appearance in Pride of the Yankees had sparked an interest in baseball and led her to become a Yankees fan.

Death and legacy

Teresa Wright died on March 6, 2005, of a heart attack at Yale-New Haven Hospital in Connecticut at the age of 86.[1] She is buried in Evergreen Cemetery in New Haven.[15]

When the roll call of former Yankees who had died was announced at Old Timer's Day on July 5, 2005, Wright's name was read among the ballplayers and members of the Yankees family.

A Girl's Got to Breathe: The Life of Teresa Wright by Donald Spoto was published in February 2016. Spoto was a close friend to Wright for more than 30 years and was given exclusive access by her family to her papers and correspondence. Publishers Weekly called the biography "an engaging and intimate portrait".[16] Library Journal praised the book as "an affectionate tribute to a shamefully neglected talent".[17]

Filmography

Year Title Role Director Notes Ref
1941 The Little Foxes Alexandra Giddens William Wyler Nominated — Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress [18]
1942 Mrs. Miniver Carol Beldon William Wyler Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress [18]
1942 The Pride of the Yankees Eleanor Twitchell Gehrig Sam Wood Nominated — Academy Award for Best Actress [18]
1943 Shadow of a Doubt Charlotte "Charlie" Newton Alfred Hitchcock [18]
1944 Casanova Brown Isabel Drury Sam Wood [18]
1946 The Best Years of Our Lives Peggy Stephenson William Wyler [18]
1947 Pursued Thorley Callum Raoul Walsh [18]
1947 The Imperfect Lady Millicent Hopkins Lewis Allen [18]
1947 The Trouble with Women Kate Farrell Sidney Lanfield [18]
1948 Enchantment Lark Ingoldsby Irving Reis [18]
1950 The Capture Ellen Tevlin Vanner John Sturges [18]
1950 The Men Ellen "Elly" Wilosek Fred Zinnemann [18]
1952 Something to Live For Edna Miller George Stevens [18]
1952 California Conquest Julie Lawrence Lew Landers [18]
1952 The Steel Trap Laurie Osborne Andrew L. Stone [18]
1953 Count the Hours Ellen Braden Don Siegel [18]
1953 The Actress Annie Jones George Cukor [18]
1954 Track of the Cat Grace Bridges William A. Wellman [18]
1956 The Search for Bridey Murphy Ruth Simmons Noel Langley [18]
1957 Escapade in Japan Mary Saunders Arthur Lubin [18]
1958 The Restless Years Elizabeth Grant Helmut Käutner [18]
1964 The Alfred Hitchcock Hour Marion Brown Joseph Newman Episode: "Three Wives Too Many" [18]
1964 The Alfred Hitchcock Hour Stella Harvey Hart Episode: "Lonely Place" [18]
1964 Bonanza Katherine Saunders William F. Claxton Episode: "My Son, My Son" [18]
1969 Hail, Hero! Santha Dixon David Miller [18]
1969 The Happy Ending Mrs. Spencer Richard Brooks [18]
1972 Crawlspace Alice Graves John Newland TV movie [18]
1973 Hawkins Jud Taylor Episode "Murder on the 13th Floor" [19]
1974 The Elevator Edith Reynolds Jerry Jameson TV movie [18]
1976 Flood! Alice Cutler Earl Bellamy TV movie [18]
1977 Roseland May (The Waltz) James Ivory [18]
1980 Somewhere in Time Laura Roberts Jeannot Szwarc [18]
1983 Bill: On His Own Mae Driscoll Anthony Page TV movie [18]
1987 The Fig Tree Miranda's Grandmother Calvin Skaggs TV movie [18]
1988 The Good Mother Eleanor – Grandmother Leonard Nimoy [18]
1990 Perry Mason: The Case of the Desperate Deception Helene Berman Christian I. Nyby II TV movie [18]
1993 The Red Coat Robin Swicord Short [18]
1997 The Rainmaker Colleen "Miss Birdie" Birdsong Francis Ford Coppola [18]

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b Bernstein, Adam (March 9, 2005). "Actress Teresa Wright, 86; Won Oscar in 'Mrs. Miniver'". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
  2. ^ Spoto 1983, p. 259.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Vallance, Tom (March 31, 2005). "Teresa Wright: Actress of 'breathless, bright-eyed rapture'". Independent. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Cite error: The named reference fr was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Spoto 2016, pp. 12–15.
  6. ^ a b c Martin, Douglas (March 8, 2005). "Teresa Wright, Stage and Film Star, Dies at 86". The New York Times. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
  7. ^ a b c Bergan, Ronald (March 8, 2005). "Teresa Wright: Hollywood star with a tenacious spirit, on and off the screen". The Guardian. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
  8. ^ "The Star Nobody Knows". The Post-Standard. Syracuse, New York. March 30, 1947. p. 32.
  9. ^ Oliver, Myrna. "Teresa Wright, 86; Was Nominated for an Oscar in Each of 1st 3 Films". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
  10. ^ Soares, Andre. "Teresa Wright". Reel Classics. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
  11. ^ a b c "Teresa Wright". Alt Film Guide. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
  12. ^ "Teresa Wright Obituary". Legacy.com. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
  13. ^ "Teresa Wright". Hollywood Walk of Fame. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
  14. ^ "Mary-Kelly Busch". Retrieved February 7, 2018.
  15. ^ Resting Places
  16. ^ "Review: A Girl's Got to Breathe: The Life of Teresa Wright, University Press of Mississippi Donald Spoto". Publishers Weekly. December 7, 2015. "Prolific celebrity biographer Spoto (The Redgraves: A Family Epic) paints an engaging and intimate portrait of Oscar-winning actor Teresa Wright." Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  17. ^ Rees, Stephen (February 1, 2016). "Performing Arts; Review: Spoto, Donald. A Girl's Got To Breathe: The Life of Teresa Wright'". Library Journal. "VERDICT This affectionate tribute to a shamefully neglected talent benefits greatly from the insights of Wright's children and friends. With the performer's views on Marlon Brando, Sterling Hayden, and notable American directors and playwrights, it is recommended for students of American film and theater." Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak "Teresa Wright: Complete Filmography". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on July 5, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
  19. ^ The Classic TV Archive Hawkins Accessed 22 October 2022

Sources

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