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Ę (minuscule: ę; Polish: e z ogonkiem, "e with a little tail"; Lithuanian: e nosinė, "nasal e") is a letter in the Polish, Lithuanian and Dalecarlian alphabets. It is also used in Navajo to represent the nasal vowel [ẽ] and Kensiu to represent the near-close near-front unrounded vowel [e̝]. In Latin, Irish, and Old Norse palaeography, it is known as e caudata ('tailed e').

Polish

In the Polish alphabet, ę comes after e. It never appears word-initially, except for the onomatopoeia ęsi. It does not have one determined pronunciation and instead, its pronunciation is dependent on the sounds it is followed by.

Pronunciation

Pronunciation of ę depending on its position
Position	Pronunciation		Example
Position	Phonemic	Phonetic	Orthography	Pronunciation (phonemic)	Pronunciation (phonetic)
ę + f, w, s, z, sz, ż, rz, h, ch	/ɛŋ/	[ɛw̃]	kęs^ⓘ ('bite')	/kɛŋs/	[kɛw̃s]
ę + k, g	/ɛŋ/	[ɛŋ]	lęk^ⓘ ('fear')	/lɛŋk/	[lɛŋk]
ę + t, d, c, dz, cz, dż	/ɛn/	[ɛn̪]	będę^ⓘ ('I will be')	/ˈbɛndɛ/	[ˈbɛn̪d̪ɛ]
ę + p, b	/ɛm/	[ɛm]	sęp^ⓘ ('vulture')	/sɛmp/	[sɛmp]
ę + ś, ź, ć, dź, si, zi, ci, dzi	/ɛɲ/	[ɛj̃]	będzie^ⓘ ('it will be')	/ˈbɛɲd͡ʑɛ/	[ˈbɛj̃d͡ʑɛ]
ę + l, ł; word-finally	/ɛ/	[ɛ]	cię^ⓘ ('you')	/t͡ɕɛ/	[t͡ɕɛ]

In some dialects, word-final ę is also pronounced as /ɛm/, causing robię to be occasionally pronounced as /ˈrɔbjɛm/. That nonstandard form is used by the former Polish president Lech Wałęsa. Some of his sentences that were respelled to reflect the pronunciation have entered popular language, e.g., Nie chcem, ale muszem (properly written Nie chcę, ale muszę; 'I don't want to, but I have to').

History

In Old Polish, nasal vowels were either not indicated at all or indicated with digraphs including a nasal consonant; Ø was also used. During the first decades after the introduction of movable type to Poland (exclusively blackletter at the time) a need to standardize orthography developed, and in the early 16th century Stanisław Zaborowski, inspired by Old Czech orthography reform by Jan Hus, analyzed Polish phonology and in Orthographia seu modus recte scribendi et legendi Polonicum idioma quam utilissimus proposed to add diacritics to Polish, including to mark nasal vowels with strokes. In particular, he proposed to write the nasal e sound as a with semivirgula superior (the letter was used to spell the phoneme traditionally because it was the original medieval pronunciation, see below), which printers of the time found not very convenient, and instead, Hieronymus Vietor crossed the lower part of an e. Later, when Polish printers began to use antiqua in the late 16th-century, Jan Januszowski took E caudata from Latin lettercase so as not to cast a new letter.

Polish ę sound evolved from the short nasal a of medieval Polish, which developed into a short nasal e in the modern language. The medieval vowel, along with its long counterpart, evolved in turn from the merged nasal *ę and *ǫ of Late Proto-Slavic:

Evolution
Early Proto-Slavic	em/en and am/an
Late Proto-Slavic	/ẽ/ and /õ/, transcribed by ⟨ę⟩ and ⟨ǫ⟩
Medieval Polish	short and long /ã/, written approximately ⟨ø⟩
Modern Polish	short /ã/ → /ɛŋ/, /ɛn/, /ɛm/, written ⟨ę⟩ long /ã/ → /ɔŋ/, /ɔn/, /ɔm/, written ⟨ą⟩

Alternations

Ę often alternates with ą:

'husband': mąż → mężowie ('husbands'),
'error': błąd → błędy ('errors'),
'pigeon': gołąb → gołębie ('pigeons')
'oak' in nominative: dąb → dębem (instrumental)
'hands' in nominative: ręce → rąk (genitive)
'five': pięć → piąty ('fifth')

Lithuanian

In Lithuanian, the ogonek, called the nosinė (literally, "nasal") mark, originally indicated vowel nasalization, but around the late 17th century, nasal vowels gradually evolved into the corresponding long non-nasal vowels in most dialects. Thus, the mark is now de facto an indicator of vowel length (the length of etymologically non-nasal vowels is marked differently), and formerly nasal en/em forms are now pronounced [eː], as in kęsti (to suffer) – kenčia (is suffering or suffers), so the ę is no longer nasal.

The ogonek also helps to distinguish different grammatical forms which otherwise have the same written form but are pronounced differently. For example, for some forms of the noun, ę is used at the end of the word for the accusative case, as in eglę, accusative of eglė (spruce). It is also used to change past tense verb to the participle in the past, e.g., tempė to tempęs – somebody who has pulled.

In some cases, ą, ę and į (but never ė) may be used for different forms, as in tąsa (extension) – tęsia (extends) – tįsoti (to lie extended). Finally, some verbs have the letter in the middle of the word only in the present tense, e.g., gęsta ([fire, light] is going off) but not užgeso (went off).^[1]

Unlike with į or ą, no Lithuanian word is known to start with ę.^[2]

Computer use

Character information
Preview	Ę		ę
Unicode name	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH OGONEK		LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH OGONEK
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	280	U+0118	281	U+0119
UTF-8	196 152	C4 98	196 153	C4 99
Numeric character reference	Ę	Ę	ę	ę
Named character reference	&Eogon;		&eogon;
ISO 8859-2 / ISO 8859-4	202	CA	234	EA
ISO 8859-10	221	DD	253	FD

References

^ "Gramatika". Algdo blogas-svetainė (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original on 2013-02-21.
^ "Lietuviški žodžiai iš e raidės". rimai.dainutekstai.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original on 2013-02-21.

[1] "Gramatika". Algdo blogas-svetainė (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original on 2013-02-21.

[2] "Lietuviški žodžiai iš e raidės". rimai.dainutekstai.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original on 2013-02-21.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{short description|Letter of the Latin alphabet; used in Polish and Lithuanian}}
+{{short description|Latin letter E with ogonek}}
 [[File:Latin letter E with ogonek.svg|thumb|Latin letter E with ogonek]]
-'''Ę''' ([[Lower case|minuscule]]: '''ę'''; {{lang-pl|e z [[ogonek|ogonkiem]]}}, "''e'' with a little tail"; {{lang-lt|e nosinė}}, "nasal ''e''") is a letter in the [[Polish alphabet|Polish]], [[Lithuanian alphabet|Lithuanian]] and [[Dalecarlian alphabet|Dalecarlian]] alphabets. It is also used in [[Navajo language|Navajo]] to represent the [[nasal vowel]] {{IPA|[ẽ]}}. In [[Latin]], [[Irish language|Irish]], and [[Old Norse]] [[palaeography]], it is known as [[e caudata|''e'' caudata]] ("tailed ''e''").
+'''Ę''' ([[Lower case|minuscule]]: '''ę'''; {{lang-pl|e z [[ogonek|ogonkiem]]}}, "''e'' with a little tail"; {{lang-lt|e nosinė}}, "nasal ''e''") is a letter in the [[Polish alphabet|Polish]], [[Lithuanian alphabet|Lithuanian]] and [[Dalecarlian alphabet|Dalecarlian]] alphabets. It is also used in [[Navajo language|Navajo]] to represent the [[nasal vowel]] {{IPA|[ẽ]}} and [[Kensiu language|Kensiu]] to represent the [[near-close near-front unrounded vowel]] {{IPA|[e̝]}}. In [[Latin]], [[Irish language|Irish]], and [[Old Norse]] [[palaeography]], it is known as [[e caudata|''e'' caudata]] ('tailed ''e''<nowiki/>').
-==In Polish==
+==Polish==
 {{unreferenced section|date=July 2019}}
-In Polish, ''ę'' comes after ''e'' in the alphabet. It is never at the start of a word, except for the word [[wikt:ęsi|ęsi]]. It is pronounced as {{IPA|/ɛw̃/}}, {{IPA|/ɛn/}}, {{IPA|/ɛm/}}, {{IPA|/ɛj͂/}}, {{IPA|/ɛŋ̟/}} or {{IPA|/ɛ/}}, depending on the context.
+In the [[Polish alphabet]], ''ę'' comes after ''e''. It never appears word-initially, except for the [[onomatopoeia]] [[wikt:ęsi|ęsi]]. It does not have one determined pronunciation and instead, its pronunciation is dependent on the sounds it is followed by.
+=== Pronunciation ===
-Unlike in [[French language|French]], Polish [[nasal vowel|nasal vowels]] are "asynchronous": pronounced as an oral vowel + a nasal [[semivowel]] {{IPA|[ɛw̃]}} or a nasal vowel + a nasal semivowel. For the sake of simplicity, the ę vowel is sometimes transcribed {{IPA|/ɛ̃/}}.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+Pronunciation of ''ę'' depending on its position
-Examples of the vowel being pronounced as {{IPA|/ɛw̃/}}:
+! rowspan="2" |Position
-* {{lang|pl|język}} ("language", "tongue"), pronounced {{IPA-pl|ˈjɛw̃zɘ̟k|}}
+! colspan="2" |Pronunciation
-* {{lang|pl|mięso}} ("meat"), {{IPA|[ˈmʲɛw̃sɔ]}}
+! colspan="3" |Example
-* {{lang|pl|ciężki}} ("heavy"), {{IPA|[ˈt͡ɕɛw̃ʂkʲi]}}
+|-
+!Phonemic
-Before all [[stop consonant|stops]] and [[affricate consonant|affricates]], it is pronounced as an oral vowel + nasal consonant, with {{IPA|/ɛn/}} before ''t'' and ''d'' and {{IPA|/ɛm/}} before ''p'' and ''b''. Before palatal [[Consonant|consonants]] ''[[ś]]'', ''[[ć]]'', [[ź]] and [[dź]] it is {{IPA|/ɛɲ/}} ({{IPA|[ɛj͂]}}). For example:
+!Phonetic
-* {{lang|pl|więcej}} ("more"), pronounced {{IPA|[ˈvʲɛnt͡sɛj]}}
+!Orthography
-* {{lang|pl|sędzia}} ("judge", "referee"), {{IPA|[ˈsɛj͂d͡ʑä]}}
+!Pronunciation
-* {{lang|pl|głęboki}} ("deep"), {{IPA|[ɡwɛmˈbɔkʲi]}}
+(phonemic)
-* {{lang|pl|więzi}} ("bonds"), {{IPA|[ˈvʲɛj͂ʑi]}}
+!Pronunciation
-Before velar sounds, the letter represents the {{IPA|/ɛŋ̟/}} sound. Ę, unlike the ą sound, is usually pronounced post-palatally before velar sounds (e.g.: ''męka'' ("torment") is pronounced {{IPA|[ˈmɛŋ̟kä]}}, but ''mąka'' ("flour") is pronounced {{IPA|[ˈmɔŋkä]}}).
+(phonetic)
+|-
-If ''ę'' is the final letter of a word or followed by either ''l'' or ''[[ł]]'', Poles will usually pronounce it as {{IPA|/ɛ/}}. For example, {{lang|pl|będę}} ("I will be") is pronounced {{IPA|[ˈbɛn̪d̪ɛ]}} and {{lang|pl|dziękuję}} ("thank you") is pronounced {{IPA|[dʑɛŋ̟ˈkujɛ]}}. The {{IPA|/ɛw̃/}} at the end of a word is still used by a minority of Polish speakers, but is usually considered hypercorrect. Some speakers might also use the nasal pronunciation spontaneously.
+|''ę'' +  ''f'', ''w'', ''s'', ''z'', ''sz'', ''ż'', ''rz'', ''h'', ''ch''
+| rowspan="2" |{{IPA|/ɛŋ/}}
+|{{IPA|[ɛw̃]}}
+|{{Audio|LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-kęs.wav|kęs|help=no}} ('bite')
+|{{IPA|/kɛŋs/}}
+|{{IPA|[kɛw̃s]}}
+|-
+|''ę'' + ''k'', ''g''
+|{{IPA|[ɛŋ]}}
+|{{Audio|Pl-lęk.ogg|lęk|help=no}} ('fear')
+|{{IPA|/lɛŋk/}}
+|{{IPA|[lɛŋk]}}
+|-
+|''ę'' + ''t'', ''d'', ''c'', ''dz'', ''cz'', ''dż''
+|{{IPA|/ɛn/}}
+|{{IPA|[ɛn̪]}}
+|{{Audio|LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-będę.wav|będę|help=no}} ('I will be')
+|{{IPA|/ˈbɛndɛ/}}
+|{{IPA|[ˈbɛn̪d̪ɛ]}}
+|-
+|''ę'' + ''p'', ''b''
+|{{IPA|/ɛm/}}
+|{{IPA|[ɛm]}}
+|{{Audio|LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-sęp.wav|sęp|help=no}} ('vulture')
+|{{IPA|/sɛmp/}}
+|{{IPA|[sɛmp]}}
+|-
+|''ę'' + ''ś'', ''ź'', ''ć'', ''dź'', ''si'', ''zi'', ''ci'', ''dzi''
+|{{IPA|/ɛɲ/}}
+|{{IPA|[ɛj̃]}}
+|{{Audio|LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-będzie.wav|będzie|help=no}} ('it will be')
+|{{IPA|/ˈbɛɲd͡ʑɛ/}}
+|{{IPA|[ˈbɛj̃d͡ʑɛ]}}
+|-
+|''ę'' + ''l'', ''ł''; word-finally
+|{{IPA|/ɛ/}}
+|{{IPA|[ɛ]}}
+|{{Audio|LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-cię.wav|cię|help=no}} ('you')
+|{{IPA|/t͡ɕɛ/}}
+|{{IPA|[t͡ɕɛ]}}
+|}
+In some dialects, word-final ''ę'' is also pronounced as {{IPA|/ɛm/}}, causing {{lang|pl|robię}} to be occasionally pronounced as {{IPA|/ˈrɔbjɛm/}}. That nonstandard form is used by the former Polish president [[Lech Wałęsa]]. Some of his sentences that were respelled to reflect the pronunciation have entered popular language, e.g., {{lang|pl|Nie chcem, ale muszem}} (properly written {{lang|pl|Nie chcę, ale muszę}}; 'I don't want to, but I have to').
+===History===
-In dialects of some regions, ''ę'' in final position is also pronounced as {{IPA|/ɛm/}} so {{lang|pl|robię}} is occasionally pronounced as {{IPA|/ˈrɔbʲɛm/}}. That nonstandard form is used by the former Polish president [[Lech Wałęsa]]. Some of his sentences that were respelled to reflect the pronunciation, e.g., "{{lang|pl|Nie chcem, ale muszem}}" (properly written "{{lang|pl|Nie chcę, ale muszę}}"; "I don't want to, but I have to") have entered popular language.
-===Origin of the symbol===
 {{main|History of Polish orthography}}
-In [[Old Polish language|Old Polish]], nasal vowels were either not indicated at all or indicated with digraphs including a nasal consonant; [[Ø]] was also used. During the first decades after [[History of printing in Poland|the introduction of movable type to Poland]] (exclusively [[blackletter]] at the time) a need to standardize orthography developed, and in the early 16th century Stanisław Zaborowski, inspired by [[Old Czech]] [[Orthographia bohemica|orthography reform]] by [[Jan Hus]], analyzed Polish phonology and in ''Orthographia seu modus recte scribendi et legendi Polonicum idioma quam utilissimus'' proposed to add diacritics to Polish, including to mark nasal vowels with strokes. In particular, he proposed to write {{IPA|/ɛ̃/}} as ''a'' with ''semivirgula superior'' (the letter was used to spell the phoneme traditionally because it was the original medieval pronunciation, see below), which printers of the time found not very convenient, and instead, Hieronymus Vietor crossed the lower part of an ''e''. Later, when Polish printers began to use [[Antiqua (typeface class)|antiqua]] in the late 16th-century, Jan Januszowski took [[E caudata]] from Latin lettercase so as not to cast a new letter.
+In [[Old Polish language|Old Polish]], nasal vowels were either not indicated at all or indicated with digraphs including a nasal consonant; [[Ø]] was also used. During the first decades after [[History of printing in Poland|the introduction of movable type to Poland]] (exclusively [[blackletter]] at the time) a need to standardize orthography developed, and in the early 16th century Stanisław Zaborowski, inspired by [[Old Czech]] [[Orthographia bohemica|orthography reform]] by [[Jan Hus]], analyzed Polish phonology and in ''Orthographia seu modus recte scribendi et legendi Polonicum idioma quam utilissimus'' proposed to add diacritics to Polish, including to mark nasal vowels with strokes. In particular, he proposed to write the nasal e sound as ''a'' with ''semivirgula superior'' (the letter was used to spell the phoneme traditionally because it was the original medieval pronunciation, see below), which printers of the time found not very convenient, and instead, Hieronymus Vietor crossed the lower part of an ''e''. Later, when Polish printers began to use [[Antiqua (typeface class)|antiqua]] in the late 16th-century, Jan Januszowski took [[E caudata]] from Latin lettercase so as not to cast a new letter.
+Polish ''ę'' sound evolved from the short nasal ''a'' of medieval Polish, which developed into a short nasal ''e'' in the modern language. The medieval vowel, along with its long counterpart, evolved in turn from the merged nasal *''ę'' and *''ǫ'' of Late [[Proto-Slavic]]:
-===History of the vowel===
-Polish ę evolved from the short nasal ''a'' of medieval Polish, which developed into a short nasal ''e'' in the modern language. The medieval vowel, along with its long counterpart, evolved in turn from the merged nasal *''ę'' and *''ǫ'' of Late [[Proto-Slavic]]:
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 45: / Line 84: @@
 |-
 | align="center" | '''Modern Polish'''
-| align="center" | short {{IPA|/ã/}} → {{IPA|/ɛw̃/}}, {{IPA|/ɛn/}}, {{IPA|/ɛm/}}, written {{angle bracket|ę}}<br>
+| align="center" | short {{IPA|/ã/}} → {{IPA|/ɛŋ/}}, {{IPA|/ɛn/}}, {{IPA|/ɛm/}}, written {{angle bracket|ę}}<br>
-long {{IPA|/ã/}} → {{IPA|/ɔw̃/}}, {{IPA|/ɔn/}}, {{IPA|/ɔm/}}, written {{angle bracket|ą}}
+long {{IPA|/ã/}} → {{IPA|/ɔŋ/}}, {{IPA|/ɔn/}}, {{IPA|/ɔm/}}, written {{angle bracket|ą}}
 |}
 ===Alternations===
-It often alternates with ''ą'':
+''Ę'' often alternates with ''ą'':
-* "husband": {{lang|pl|mąż}} → {{lang|pl|mężowie}} ("husbands"),<br> "error": {{lang|pl|błąd}} → {{lang|pl|błędy}} ("errors"),<br> "pigeon": {{lang|pl|gołąb}} → {{lang|pl|gołębie}} ("pigeons")
+* 'husband': {{lang|pl|mąż}} → {{lang|pl|mężowie}} ('husbands'),
+*'error': {{lang|pl|błąd}} → {{lang|pl|błędy}} ('errors'),
+*'pigeon': {{lang|pl|gołąb}} → {{lang|pl|gołębie}} ('pigeons')
-* "oak" in [[nominative]]: {{lang|pl|dąb}} → {{lang|pl|dębem}} ([[Instrumental case|instrumental]])
+* 'oak' in [[nominative]]: {{lang|pl|dąb}} → {{lang|pl|dębem}} ([[Instrumental case|instrumental]])
-* "hands" in [[nominative]]: {{lang|pl|ręce}} → {{lang|pl|rąk}} ([[Genitive case|genitive]])
+* 'hands' in [[nominative]]: {{lang|pl|ręce}} → {{lang|pl|rąk}} ([[Genitive case|genitive]])
-* "five": {{lang|pl|pięć}} → {{lang|pl|piąty}} ("fifth")
+* 'five': {{lang|pl|pięć}} → {{lang|pl|piąty}} ('fifth')
-===Audio examples===
-* {{audio|Pl-węże.ogg|w'''ę'''że}} ("snakes")
-* {{audio|Pl-dźwięk-2.ogg|dźwi'''ę'''k}} ("sound")
-* {{audio|LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-będę.wav|b'''ę'''d'''ę'''}} ("I will be")
-== In Lithuanian ==
+== Lithuanian ==
+In Lithuanian, the ogonek, called the nosinė (literally, "nasal") mark, originally indicated vowel nasalization, but around the late 17th century, nasal vowels gradually evolved into the corresponding [[long vowel|long]] non-nasal vowels in most dialects. Thus, the mark is now ''de facto'' an indicator of vowel length (the length of etymologically non-nasal vowels is marked differently), and formerly nasal ''en/em'' forms are now pronounced {{IPA|[eː]}}, as in {{lang|lt|kęsti}} (to suffer) – {{lang|lt|kenčia}} (is suffering or suffers), so the ''ę'' is no longer nasal.
-For some forms of the noun, ''ę'' is used at the end of the word for the [[accusative case]], as in  {{lang|lt|eglę}}, accusative of {{lang|lt|eglė}} (spruce). It is also used to change [[past tense]] [[verb]] to the [[participle]] in the past, e.g., {{lang|lt|tempė}} to {{lang|lt|tempęs}} - somebody who has pulled.
+The ogonek also helps to distinguish different grammatical forms which otherwise have the same written form but are pronounced differently. For example, for some forms of the noun, ''ę'' is used at the end of the word for the [[accusative case]], as in  {{lang|lt|eglę}}, accusative of {{lang|lt|eglė}} (spruce). It is also used to change [[past tense]] [[verb]] to the [[participle]] in the past, e.g., {{lang|lt|tempė}} to {{lang|lt|tempęs}} – somebody who has pulled.
-Nasal ''en/em'' forms are now pronounced {{IPA|[eː]}}, as in {{lang|lt|kęsti}} (to suffer) - {{lang|lt|kenčia}} (is suffering or suffers), so the ''ę'' is no longer nasal.
-In some cases, ''ą'', ''ę'' and ''į'' (but never ''[[ė]]'') may be used for different forms, as in {{lang|lt|tąsa}} (extension) - {{lang|lt|tęsia}} (extends) - {{lang|lt|tįsoti}} (to lie extended). Finally, some verbs have the letter in the middle of the word only in the [[present tense]], e.g., {{lang|lt|gęsta}} ({{small|[fire, light]}} is going off) but not {{lang|lt|užgeso}} (went off).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://algdas.blogas.lt/1140-1140.html|title=Gramatika|website=Algdo blogas-svetainė|language=lt}}</ref>
+In some cases, ''ą'', ''ę'' and ''į'' (but never ''[[ė]]'') may be used for different forms, as in {{lang|lt|tąsa}} (extension) – {{lang|lt|tęsia}} (extends) – {{lang|lt|tįsoti}} (to lie extended). Finally, some verbs have the letter in the middle of the word only in the [[present tense]], e.g., {{lang|lt|gęsta}} ({{small|[fire, light]}} is going off) but not {{lang|lt|užgeso}} (went off).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://algdas.blogas.lt/1140-1140.html|title=Gramatika|website=Algdo blogas-svetainė|language=lt|url-status=live|archive-date=2013-02-21|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130221011357/http://algdas.blogas.lt/1140-1140.html}}</ref>
-Unlike with ''į'' or ''[[ą]]'', no Lithuanian word is known to start with ''ę''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rimai.dainutekstai.lt/zodziai/e|title=Lietuviški žodžiai iš e raidės|website=rimai.dainutekstai.lt|language=lt|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/2013.02.21-015003/http://rimai.dainutekstai.lt/zodziai/e|archive-date=2021-09-03}}</ref>
+Unlike with ''į'' or ''[[ą]]'', no Lithuanian word is known to start with ''ę''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rimai.dainutekstai.lt/zodziai/e|title=Lietuviški žodžiai iš e raidės|website=rimai.dainutekstai.lt|language=lt|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130221015003/http://rimai.dainutekstai.lt/zodziai/e|archive-date=2013-02-21}}</ref>
 ==Computer use==
@@ Line 93: / Line 129: @@
 {{DEFAULTSORT:E}}
 [[Category:Lithuanian language]]
-[[Category:Polish language]]
+[[Category:Polish letters with diacritics]]
-[[Category:Specific Polish letters]]
 [[Category:Latin letters with diacritics|E-ogonek]]