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{{otheruses|Cynesige of Lichfield}}
Cynesige was [[Archbishop of York]] for nine years between [[1051]] - [[1060]]. During his time as Archbishop he concescrated both John and Michael as [[Bishop of Glasgow]] sometime after 1055, and dedicated the church of the [[Waltham Abbey|Abbey of Waltham Holy Cross]] in the presence of [[Edward the Confessor|King Edward]] around [[3 May]], [[1060]].
{{Infobox Archbishop
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| name = Cynesige
| honorific-suffix =
| archbishop_of = Archbishop of York
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| enthroned = unknown
| ended = 20 January 1060
| predecessor = [[Ælfric Puttoc]]
| successor = [[Ealdred (archbishop)|Ealdred]]
| ordination =
| consecration = 1051
| other_post =
| birth_name = Cynesige
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 20 January 1060
| death_place =
| buried = [[Peterborough Cathedral]]
| nationality =
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'''Cynesige''' (or '''Kynsige''') was a medieval [[Archbishop of York]] for nine years between 1051 and 1060.


== Life ==
{{start box}}
{{succession box | before=[[Aelfric Puttoc]] | title=[[Archbishop of York]] | after=[[Aldred]] | years=1051&ndash;1060}}
{{end box}}


He perhaps came from [[Rutland]], as he owned the manor of [[Tinwell]] there later in life.<ref name=DNB>Cooper "Cynesige (d. 1060)" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/15828 Online Edition] accessed 10 November 2007</ref> The ''[[Liber Eliensis]]'' claimed that he had been born by [[Caesarian section]], but this is most likely a later accretion to his lifestory, added after his death because of efforts to have him declared a saint. The belief was that for an infant to survive a caesarian section was a miracle, and thust a fitting beginning for a future saint.<ref name=Cooper19>Cooper ''Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops'' p. 19</ref>
{{reli-bio-stub}}

He had been a royal clerk prior to his appointment to York in 1051,<ref name=Edward105>[[Frank Barlow (historian)|Barlow, Frank]], ''Edward the Confessor'' p. 105</ref><ref name=Handbook224>Fryde ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 224</ref> although the monks of [[Peterborough Abbey]] maintained that he had been a monk in their house.<ref name=DNB/> It is possible he was both a monk and a royal clerk.<ref name=Cooper19/> He delayed his visit to Rome to receive his pallium until 1055, when he was given it by [[Pope Victor II]].<ref name=Church300>Barlow ''English Church 1000-1066'' p. 300</ref> During his time as archbishop he consecrated both John and Michael as [[Bishop of Glasgow|Bishops of Glasgow]] sometime after 1055,<ref name=Harold87>Walker ''Harold'' p. 87</ref> although the two bishops probably never lived in their diocese.<ref name=DNB/> In fact, John may have ended up as the [[bishop of Mecklenburg]] in modern day Germany.<ref name=Fletcher151>Fletcher ''Bloodfeud'' p. 151-152</ref> Cynesige dedicated the church of the [[Waltham Abbey (abbey)|Abbey of Waltham Holy Cross]] in the presence of [[Edward the Confessor|King Edward]] around 3 May 1060.<ref name=Harold87/><ref name=Mason86>Mason ''The House of Godwine'' p. 86</ref> He also expanded and embellished [[York Minster]] and other churches in his archdiocese,<ref name=Edward199>Barlow ''Edward the Confessor'' p. 199</ref> and built the tower at [[Beverley]],<ref name=Huscroft46>Huscroft ''Ruling England 1042-1217'' p. 46</ref> as well as giving books and other items to the church there.<ref name=Church81>Barlow ''English Church 1000-1066'' p. 81</ref>

Cynesige consecrated [[Herewald]] as [[Bishop of Llandaff]] at a council held at [[London]] in 1056,<ref name=DNB/> although this information is only attested in the ''[[Book of Llandaff]]'', a sometimes unreliable source.<ref name=Copper21>Cooper ''Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops'' p. 21</ref> In 1059 he, along with [[Tostig Godwinson|Earl Tostig]] and [[Ethelwin|Æthelwine]] [[Bishop of Durham]], escorted [[Malcolm III of Scotland]] to King Edward's court at [[Gloucester]] when Malcolm came south, probably to thank Edward for his help in restoring Malcolm to the Scottish throne, and perhaps to acknowledge the English king as Malcolm's lord.<ref name=Edward203>Barlow ''Edward the Confessor'' p. 203</ref><ref name=Mason125>Mason ''The House of Godwine'' p. 125</ref>

He died on 20 January 1060.<ref name=Handbook224/> and was buried at [[Peterborough Cathedral]].<ref name=Monastic73>Knowles ''The Monastic Order in England'' p. 73</ref> After his death, he was honored as a saint by the monks at Peterborough,<ref name=Huscroft49>Huscroft ''Ruling England 1042-1217'' p. 49</ref> although the cult does not seem to have spread far. His bones, along with those of his predecessor [[Aelfric Puttoc]], were found in 1643.<ref name=DNB/> His reputation for sanctity and poverty was based on his actions, as he often traveled on foot, and spent much time preaching and giving alms.<ref name=Church81/> The ''Northumbrian Priests' Law'' which is usually attributed to [[Wulfstan II, Archbishop of York]], might have been authored instead by Cynesige, or possibly Cynesige's predecessor [[Aelfric Puttoc]].<ref name=Fletcher128>Fletcher ''Bloodfeud'' p. 128</ref> He gave gifts to Peterborough in his will, but the gifts were taken by Queen [[Edith of Wessex]] instead.<ref name=Church81/>

== Notes ==
{{reflist|2}}

== References ==

* {{cite book |author=Barlow, Frank |authorlink=Frank Barlow (historian) |title=Edward the Confessor |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |year=1970 |isbn=0-520-01671-8 }}
* {{cite book |author=Barlow, Frank |authorlink=Frank Barlow (historian) |title=The English Church 1000-1066: A History of the Later Anglo-Saxon Church |publisher=Longman |location=New York |year=1979 |isbn=0-582-49049-9 |edition=Second}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Cooper, Janet |title=Cynesige (d. 1060) |encyclopedia =Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/15828 |format=fee required}} Accessed 10 November 2007
* {{cite book |author=Cooper, Janet M. |title=The Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops of York |series=Borthwick Papers Number 38|publisher=St Anthony's Press |location=York, UK |year=1970|oclc= 656290}}
* {{cite book |author=Fryde, E. B. |coauthors=Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. |title=Handbook of British Chronology|edition=Third revised |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=1996 |isbn=0-521-56350-X }}
* {{cite book |author=Huscroft, Huscroft |title=Ruling England 1042-1217 |publisher=Pearson/Longman |location=London |year=2005 |isbn=0-582-84882-2 }}
* {{cite book |author=Knowles, David |title=The Monastic Order in England: A History of its Development from the Times of St. Dunstan to the Fourth Lateran Council, 940-1216|authorlink=David Knowles |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |year=1976 |edition= Second reprint |isbn=0-521-05479-6 }}
* {{cite book |author=Mason, Emma |title=House of Godwine: The History of Dynasty |publisher=Hambledon & London |location=London |year=2004 |isbn=1-85285-389-1 }}
* {{cite book |author=Walker, Ian |title=Harold the Last Anglo-Saxon King |publisher=Wrens Park |location=Gloucestershire |year=2000|isbn=0-905-778-464 }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef | before=[[Ælfric Puttoc]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Archbishop of York]] | years=1051&ndash;1060}}
{{s-aft| after=[[Ealdred (archbishop)|Ealdred]] }}
{{end}}

{{Archbishops of York}}

{{Persondata
|NAME=Cynesige
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Kynsige
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Archbishop of York
|DATE OF BIRTH=
|PLACE OF BIRTH=
|DATE OF DEATH=20 January 1060
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cynesige}}
[[Category:Archbishops of York]]
[[Category:11th-century bishops]]
[[Category:11th-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]

Revision as of 22:43, 21 August 2009

For other uses, see Cynesige of Lichfield.
Cynesige
Archbishop of York
Installedunknown
Term ended20 January 1060
PredecessorÆlfric Puttoc
SuccessorEaldred
Orders
Consecration1051
Personal details
Born
Cynesige
Died20 January 1060
BuriedPeterborough Cathedral

Cynesige (or Kynsige) was a medieval Archbishop of York for nine years between 1051 and 1060.

Life

He perhaps came from Rutland, as he owned the manor of Tinwell there later in life.[1] The Liber Eliensis claimed that he had been born by Caesarian section, but this is most likely a later accretion to his lifestory, added after his death because of efforts to have him declared a saint. The belief was that for an infant to survive a caesarian section was a miracle, and thust a fitting beginning for a future saint.[2]

He had been a royal clerk prior to his appointment to York in 1051,[3][4] although the monks of Peterborough Abbey maintained that he had been a monk in their house.[1] It is possible he was both a monk and a royal clerk.[2] He delayed his visit to Rome to receive his pallium until 1055, when he was given it by Pope Victor II.[5] During his time as archbishop he consecrated both John and Michael as Bishops of Glasgow sometime after 1055,[6] although the two bishops probably never lived in their diocese.[1] In fact, John may have ended up as the bishop of Mecklenburg in modern day Germany.[7] Cynesige dedicated the church of the Abbey of Waltham Holy Cross in the presence of King Edward around 3 May 1060.[6][8] He also expanded and embellished York Minster and other churches in his archdiocese,[9] and built the tower at Beverley,[10] as well as giving books and other items to the church there.[11]

Cynesige consecrated Herewald as Bishop of Llandaff at a council held at London in 1056,[1] although this information is only attested in the Book of Llandaff, a sometimes unreliable source.[12] In 1059 he, along with Earl Tostig and Æthelwine Bishop of Durham, escorted Malcolm III of Scotland to King Edward's court at Gloucester when Malcolm came south, probably to thank Edward for his help in restoring Malcolm to the Scottish throne, and perhaps to acknowledge the English king as Malcolm's lord.[13][14]

He died on 20 January 1060.[4] and was buried at Peterborough Cathedral.[15] After his death, he was honored as a saint by the monks at Peterborough,[16] although the cult does not seem to have spread far. His bones, along with those of his predecessor Aelfric Puttoc, were found in 1643.[1] His reputation for sanctity and poverty was based on his actions, as he often traveled on foot, and spent much time preaching and giving alms.[11] The Northumbrian Priests' Law which is usually attributed to Wulfstan II, Archbishop of York, might have been authored instead by Cynesige, or possibly Cynesige's predecessor Aelfric Puttoc.[17] He gave gifts to Peterborough in his will, but the gifts were taken by Queen Edith of Wessex instead.[11]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e Cooper "Cynesige (d. 1060)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Online Edition accessed 10 November 2007
  2. ^ a b Cooper Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops p. 19
  3. ^ Barlow, Frank, Edward the Confessor p. 105
  4. ^ a b Fryde Handbook of British Chronology p. 224
  5. ^ Barlow English Church 1000-1066 p. 300
  6. ^ a b Walker Harold p. 87
  7. ^ Fletcher Bloodfeud p. 151-152
  8. ^ Mason The House of Godwine p. 86
  9. ^ Barlow Edward the Confessor p. 199
  10. ^ Huscroft Ruling England 1042-1217 p. 46
  11. ^ a b c Barlow English Church 1000-1066 p. 81
  12. ^ Cooper Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops p. 21
  13. ^ Barlow Edward the Confessor p. 203
  14. ^ Mason The House of Godwine p. 125
  15. ^ Knowles The Monastic Order in England p. 73
  16. ^ Huscroft Ruling England 1042-1217 p. 49
  17. ^ Fletcher Bloodfeud p. 128

References

  • Barlow, Frank (1970). Edward the Confessor. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-01671-8.
  • Barlow, Frank (1979). The English Church 1000-1066: A History of the Later Anglo-Saxon Church (Second ed.). New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-49049-9.
  • Cooper, Janet (2004). "Cynesige (d. 1060)" (fee required). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Accessed 10 November 2007
  • Cooper, Janet M. (1970). The Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops of York. Borthwick Papers Number 38. York, UK: St Anthony's Press. OCLC 656290.
  • Fryde, E. B. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Huscroft, Huscroft (2005). Ruling England 1042-1217. London: Pearson/Longman. ISBN 0-582-84882-2.
  • Knowles, David (1976). The Monastic Order in England: A History of its Development from the Times of St. Dunstan to the Fourth Lateran Council, 940-1216 (Second reprint ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-05479-6.
  • Mason, Emma (2004). House of Godwine: The History of Dynasty. London: Hambledon & London. ISBN 1-85285-389-1.
  • Walker, Ian (2000). Harold the Last Anglo-Saxon King. Gloucestershire: Wrens Park. ISBN 0-905-778-464.
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Archbishop of York
1051–1060 		Succeeded by

Template:Persondata

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